Unit 4 Learning about language （ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第二册.pptx

1、 Learning About Language1.Complete the sentences using suitable nouns in their correct forms.Circle the words which collocate（与（与搭配）搭配）with them.1 After arising in the morning,the first thing he does is to draw the _.2 He was impressed by her _ and charm.3 The visitors were admiring the _ dating bac

2、k to the 17th century.curtain antique breath bay creature highlight airline beauty peak duration frostbeautyantiquecurtains4 We all remember the _ of the tripvisiting the Huangguoshu Waterfall.5 Protect the _ which are unique to Australia and their natural habitats.6 What _ did you fly?7 It is one o

3、f the most difficult _ to climb in the Rocky Mountains.peaksairlinecreatureshighlight8 The beauty of Qinghai Lake took the visitors _ away.9 In freezing cold winter,windows are often covered with _.10 We sailed into a beautiful _ in the southwest of Canada.11 Judy enrolled in a programme of study th

4、at was eight months in _,but she completed it in only six months.durationbayfrostbreath2.Complete Samuels story with the correct phrases.1 In Canada,_ has been spent to preserve the forest,and the countrys deforestation rate is among the worlds lowest.2 A growing number of woodworkers have decided t

5、o move to the _ for better jobs.bound for commercial world urban areas a massive amount of moneya massive amount of moneyurban areas3 Aboard the plane _ Toronto,Samuel,a young woodworker,began imagining a whole new life in the big city.4 However,he also had some worries.Ideally,he wanted to make a l

6、iving in the arts,but he also knew well that it was somewhat a _.bound forcommercial world1 Jane:The welcome party at the University of Oxford helped many students to make new friends.You:They must have spent a/an _ evening together.2 Jane:Were surprised to find that it is warmer than usual this win

7、ter in London.You:Youre so lucky to have a/an _ winter here.3.Suppose you were talking to your friend Jane.Choose the suitable adjectives to comment on the situations.awesome mild pleasantpleasantmild3 Jane:We visited a famous tourist site in Scotland:the beautiful coastline and breathtaking landsca

8、pe of St Andrews.You:How wonderful!You must have had a/an _experience.awesomeDiscovering Useful StructuresGrammar 过去分词作表语和状语Look at the sentences from the text,translate them into Chinese and pay attention to the function of-ed and-ing forms.1.The next day was clear and mild,they were pleased to see

9、 the beautiful mountains looking out over the city.2.Seen from the train window,the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.3.For both of them,the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting.4.Looking at the beautiful scenery,they both agreed that it was the most awesome journe

10、y they had ever taken.1.The next day was clear and mild,they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city.2.Seen from the train window,the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.3.For both of them,the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting.4.Looki

11、ng at the beautiful scenery,they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken.第二天天气晴朗，温度适宜，他们看到壮美的群山俯瞰着第二天天气晴朗，温度适宜，他们看到壮美的群山俯瞰着整座城市，甚是欣喜。整座城市，甚是欣喜。表语状语表语状语从车窗往外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。从车窗往外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。一想到可以坐火车横穿整个国家，姐妹俩就激动不已。一想到可以坐火车横穿整个国家，姐妹俩就激动不已。望着眼前的风景，姐妹俩一致认为这是她

12、们所经历过的最望着眼前的风景，姐妹俩一致认为这是她们所经历过的最棒的一次旅行。棒的一次旅行。1.The next day was clear and mild,and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city.2.For both of them,the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting.表语表语感到欣喜的令人兴奋的Observe the sentences3.Seen from the train wi

13、ndow,the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.4.Looking at the beautiful scenery,they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken.状语状语 被从火车车窗望到被动望着美景主动Observe the sentences一、一、过去分词过去分词作表语和状语与作表语和状语与动词动词-ing形式的比较形式的比较1.1.作作表语表语:过去过去分词分词表示人或物的心情或状态等表示人或物的心情或状态等,也可以也可

14、以理解理解为心情或状态受到外界为心情或状态受到外界影响影响,有有“感到感到”之意之意;动词动词-ing-ing形式形式则表示人或物的自身特征则表示人或物的自身特征,有有“令令人人”之意之意。单词意义1astonished感到吃惊的astonishing令人吃惊的2frightened感到害怕的frightening令人害怕的3amazed感到惊讶的amazing令人惊讶的4surprised感到惊奇的surprising令人惊奇的5inspired感到鼓舞的inspiring令人鼓舞的.2.作作状语状语:过去过去分词分词与其与其逻辑主语逻辑主语之间是之间是被动关系被动关系,往往往往表示表示完成

15、完成;动词动词-ing形式形式与其与其逻逻辑主语辑主语之间是之间是主动关系主动关系,一般一般表示动作表示动作正在进行正在进行。e.g.Seen from the hill,the city looks magnificent.Seeing the police,he made a run for the exit.Influenced by his example,they performed countless good deeds.He sat at the table,reading a magazine.二、过去二、过去分词作表语分词作表语1.过去过去分词可放在连系动词分词可放在连系动

16、词be,get,feel,remain,seem,look,become等之后作表语等之后作表语,表示表示主语所处的情绪主语所处的情绪或状态。或状态。e.g.He seemed quite delighted at the news.The door remained locked.His mother got very annoyed because he couldnt recite the idioms.2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别区别:“be+过去过去分词分词”表示表示状态时状态时,是是系表结构系表结构,此时的过去此时的过去分分词词通常已形容词化通常已形

17、容词化;表示表示动作时动作时,是是被动语态被动语态,且绝大多数且绝大多数被动结构中的动作被动结构中的动作执行者由介词执行者由介词by引出。引出。e.g.The book is well written.这这本书写得很好。本书写得很好。(系表结构系表结构,强调强调主语主语所处的状态所处的状态)The book was written by Mo Yan.这这本书是莫言写的。本书是莫言写的。(被动语态被动语态,强调强调主语主语所承受的动作所承受的动作)3.感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。英语中英语中有很多与感觉有关的使令动词有很多与感

18、觉有关的使令动词,其其现在分词现在分词表示主动意义表示主动意义,即即 “令人令人的的”,”,多用来多用来修饰物修饰物;其其过去分过去分词表示被动意义词表示被动意义,即即“感到感到的的”,”,多用来多用来修饰人修饰人、人的声音或表情等。、人的声音或表情等。adj.感到感到(多指多指人人)excited;interested;worried;surprised;satisfied;encouraged;tired;frightened;annoyed;bored;embarrassed;confused;disappointed;puzzledadj.令人令人(多修多修饰物饰物)exciting;

19、interesting;worrying;surprising;satisfying;encouraging;tiring;frightening;annoying;boring;embarrassing;confusing;disappointing;puzzling二、过去分词作状语二、过去分词作状语1.过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语，表示作状语，表示被动的或完成被动的或完成的动作，这时句的动作，这时句子的子的主语主语和和过去分词过去分词之间为逻辑上的之间为逻辑上的被动（动宾）被动（动宾）关系。关系。Written in a hurry，this article was not so

20、good.本句中的本句中的written in a hurry为过去分词短语作状语，表示这篇为过去分词短语作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写完。文章是被写的，而且已经被写完。过去分词通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让过去分词通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。1.表示时间表示时间 过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作时间状语作时间状语,相当于相当于一一个时间个时间状语从句状语从句。e.g.Asked(=When he was asked)what had happened,he lowered his head.2

21、.表示条件表示条件 过去过去分词分词(短语短语)作条件状语作条件状语,相当于一个相当于一个条件条件状语从句状语从句。e.g.Given(=If we were given)more time,we could do it better.3.表示表示原因原因 过去过去分词分词(短语短语)作原因状语作原因状语,相当于一个相当于一个原因原因状语从句。状语从句。e.g.Scared(=Because/As she was scared)of the tiger,the girl didnt dare to sleep alone.4.表示表示让步让步 过去过去分词分词(短语短语)作让步状语作让步状语,

22、相当于相当于一个一个让步让步状语从句状语从句。e.g.Left(Although he was left)at home,John didnt feel scared at all.5.表示表示方式或伴随方式或伴随 过去过去分词分词(短语短语)作方式或伴随状语作方式或伴随状语,可以转换可以转换成一个成一个并列句。并列句。e.g.The teacher entered the classroom,(and he was)followed by a group of students.过去过去分词作状语时分词作状语时,其其前面可以带有相应前面可以带有相应的的 连词连词,如如when,though,

23、although,as if,if,unless,until,once等等,表表时间、让步、条件时间、让步、条件方式方式等。等。e.g.If(I am)invited,I will attend the wedding of my friend.如果如果受到邀请受到邀请,我我会参加我朋友的婚礼会参加我朋友的婚礼。拓展拓展部分过去分词来源于部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动被动关系关系”，其前不用，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in(陷入某种状态陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的坐着的)、hid

24、den(躲着躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着穿着)、tired of(厌烦了厌烦了)等。等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，she didnt hear the sound.由于陷入沉思，所以她没有听到那个声音。由于陷入沉思，所以她没有听到那个声音。Dressed in a new dress，she looks very beautiful.穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。(1)(absorb)in his work，Tom forgot to inform her that he ha

25、d made a change to the plan.汤汤姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她他对计划做了一下改变。姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她他对计划做了一下改变。(2)，the trees could grow taller.如果再多给一点时间，这些树会长得更高。如果再多给一点时间，这些树会长得更高。(3)The scientist came in，(follow)by her assistant.那位科学家进来了，后面跟着她的助手。那位科学家进来了，后面跟着她的助手。AbsorbedGiven more timefollowed2.过去分词作状语时的位置。过去分词作状语时的位置。过去分词作条件、原

26、因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。句末。Told that his mother was ill，Li Lei hurried home quickly.(原因原因状语状语)得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。The old man walked into the room，suppo

27、rted by his son.(方式方式状语状语)老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。3.过去分词与现在分词作状语的过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别区别。过去分词过去分词与句子的与句子的主语主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被被动动；现在分词现在分词与句子的与句子的主语主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示示主动主动。助记助记分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，分词作状语，主语主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来主语找出后，再来判关系判关系。主动用主

28、动用-ing，被动用，被动用-ed。Used for a long time，the book looks old.(动宾关系动宾关系)由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。Using the book，I find it very useful.(主谓关系主谓关系)在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。返 回注意：注意：无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。主格结

29、构等其他表达形式。If caught，the police will punish the thief.()If caught，the thief will be punished by the police.()If the thief is caught，the police will punish him/her.()Past participle-edPresent participle-ing作作表语表语描述情感：描述情感：感到感到的的描述人描述人/物物/地点：地点：令人令人的的作作状语状语与逻辑与逻辑主语主语之间的关之间的关系是系是被动被动的已的已完成的完成的与逻辑与逻辑主语主语之

30、间的关系之间的关系是是主动主动的正在的正在进行的进行的Summary.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.Are you sure youre ready for the test?No problem.Im well (prepare)for it.2.(find)the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level.3.If (give)more care and attention，the boy would not have gone that far on the wrong path.4.We got a little

31、 (sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.preparedFindinggivensunburned/sunburnt5.I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel (challenge).6.While waiting for the opportunity to get (promote)，Henry did his best to perform his d

32、uty.7.The ending of the story makes Susan very _ (amaze).challengedpromotedamazingamazed8.Nervously (face)challenges，I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words“Be yourself”.”.9.First (celebrate)in 1970，the Earth Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区地区).10.(bear)

33、in this beautiful town，the girl hates to leave it.facingcelebratedBorn1.The girls were _ to see such an open country.The farms covered a very large area,which was _.2.Going into the wilderness alone can be _.Do you feel_ when going into the wilderness alone?3._ from the top of the mountain,the scene

34、ry was really fascinating._ the scenery from the top of the mountain,I was fascinated by the autumn colours.4._ eastwards,you will pass the Canadian Rockies.Finally,the company-_ by its new manager-started to make a profit.P41 1.Fill in each blank with the correct form of a verb from the box.amazeda

35、mazingfrighteningfrightenedSeeingHeading see frighten head amaze1.We became_ when thinking about those beautiful locations in Finland.We expected to experience a lot of _ things there.2.We went to bed as soon as we arrived at the hotel because we were so _.The eight-hour train ride was quite _.3.I w

36、as not _ with the hotel.It was not as clean as I had expected.But we had a _ meal at the hotels restaurant,so I felt a bit better later on.4.It was raining hard the next day,so we just stayed in the hotel and watched TV.Sadly,the TV programmes that day were really _.As we had nothing else to do,we f

37、elt pretty_.excitedexcitingtiredtiringsatisfiedsatisfyingboringboredP41 2.Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs.bore excite tire satisfy P41 3.Rewrite the sentences.Add information as necessary.When people asked the man what the trip meant to him,he said it was“an experience of

38、a lifetime”.When asked what the trip meant to him,the man said it was“an experience of a lifetime.”1.Butchart Gardens was transformed from a quarry.It was now become a famous destination for travellers.2.If you compare Quebec City with other cities in Canada,it seems more like a charming European vi

39、llage.Transformed from a quarry,Butchart Gardens has now become a famous destination for travellers.Compared with other cities in Canada,Quebec City seems more like a charming European village.3.They did not know where to start their sightseeing in Luoyang,so they went to the Tourist Information Cen

40、tre.4.When they heard that the Sea-to-Sky Highway was Canadas most scenic drive,they made West Vancouver their first destination.Not knowing where to start their sightseeing in Luoyang,they went to the Tourist Information Centre.Hearing that the Sea-to-Sky Highway was Canadas most scenic drive,they made West Vancouver their first destination.