Unit 1 Discover useful structures （ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第二册.pptx

1、Unit 1 Science and scientistsDiscover useful structuresLearning objectives By the end of the lesson,you will be able to：1.understand the basic form of predicative clauses(表语从句).2.master the usages of different subordinating conjunctions(从属连词)that lead predicative clauses.3.understand the meanings an

2、d functions of predicative clauses.4.use predicative clauses correctly and properly in context(语境中).Para.2 In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.空气

3、污染引发霍乱空气污染引发霍乱。食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。Activity 1:Underline all the examples in the reading passage where noun clauses are used as the predicative.Then state their meaning and functions.Para.3 What is more,in another part of London,a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving

4、away from Broad Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.该女士似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上该女士似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。运到家里来。Para.4 The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreove

5、r,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.宽街宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。The truth was that the water had been infected by waste.The truth was that I love my job which is best in the world.主主语语表语从句表语从句Summary 1+系动词系动词引导词引导词 简单句

6、简单句/复合句复合句+表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。表语从句就是指一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。一般结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有1.感官类系动词（sound,look,taste,smell,feel)2.变化类系动(get,fall,grow,come,turn,go,become)be动词（am,is,are,was,were)意为“是”3.状态系动词保持类系动词（keep,remain,stay）似乎类系动词（seem,appear）证明类系动词（prove,turn out)Activity 2:Answer the foll

7、owing questions using the information from the reading passage as well as the predicative clauses.Example What was it that John Snow showed to the world?What John Snow showed to the world was _.how cholera could be overcomehow 意思为意思为“如何如何”，在表语从句中充当状语，在表语从句中充当状语1.What was Snows discovery in two parti

8、cular streets in London?Snows discovery in two particular streets in London was that _.2.What was Snow determined to find out during the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London?What Snow was determined to find out was why _.that 无意义，在表语从句中不充当无意义，在表语从句中不充当成分成分,起连接作用，不能省略起连接作用，不能省略the cholera outbreak was

9、so severe that more than 500 people died in ten daysthe cholera outbreak had caused more than 500 people died in ten dayswhy 意思为意思为“的原因的原因”，在表语从句中充当状语在表语从句中充当状语3.What were the exact places Snow marked on the map?The exact places Snow marked on the map were where _.4.What was the finding that Snow an

10、nounced?Snows finding was that _.all those who died had livedthe pump water carried cholera germswhere 意思为意思为“的地点的地点”，在表语从句中充当状语在表语从句中充当状语that 无意义，在表语从句中不充当成分无意义，在表语从句中不充当成分,起连接作用，不能省略起连接作用，不能省略Summary 2 连连接接词词从属连词从属连词:that,whether,as if,as though,because 连接副词连接副词:when,where,why,how连接代词连接代词:what,who

11、,whom,whose,which,+ever（在从句中不作成分）（在从句中不作成分）（在从句中作（在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语主语、宾语、表语、定语）（在从句中作（在从句中作状语状语）一、由连接词that,whether引导的表语从句从属连词that的用法：无意义不充当成分不可省略。而whether有词义，意为“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容

12、具体化。The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed.他缺席的原因是他没接到通知。The point is whether we should lend him the money.关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。二、由连接代词引导的表语从句连接代词who,what,which,whom,whose等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语等，代词不能省略。The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。The problem was who could do the work.问题

13、是谁能做这项工作。Thats what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。三、由连接副词引导的表语从句连接副词when,where,why,how在从句中充当时间、地点、原因或方式状语。Go and get your coat.Its where you left it.去把大衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.Thats why I got wet through.我既没伞也没雨衣，那是我淋湿的原因。That is how mice ruin many stores of grain eve

14、ry year.那就是老鼠每年毁坏大量储备粮食的方式。四、由连词because,as if/as though等引导的表语从句It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。Thats because we never thought of it.那是因为我们从未想过此事。【易混辨析易混辨析】why和because引导的表语从句的区别Thats why.意为“那是的原因”,强调结果Thats because.意为“那是因为”,强调原因I didnt phone her,and thats why she got angry with me.(强调“

15、没打电话”这一结果)我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。I didnt phone her,and thats because I got angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因)我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。五、表语从句中的虚拟语气在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是advice,suggestion,proposal,request,order等，从句谓语形式是“should+动词原形”(should可以省略)。My advice is that you(should)practise speaking English a

16、s often as possible.我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。as if/as though 引导的表语从句的虚拟语气：引导的表语从句的虚拟语气：若跟现在事实不符：过去式（be动词用were）若跟过去事实不符：had done 若跟将来事实不符：would/could+动词原形 The young man with long hair looks as if he a girl.这个留长发的男生看起来像是个女的。wereHe looked as if he _ a ghost.他看起来好像见鬼了一样。had seen She opens her mouth as if she

17、 _ something.would say她张大嘴好像要说什么。Dark clouds are gathering.It seems as if it _ rain.看起来好像要下雨了。is going to 1.It sounds as if someone _ knocking at the door.2.Tom likes to talk big as if he _ an important person.3.He opens his mouth as if he _ eat something.4.He talked about Rome as if he _ there.(对现在

18、的虚拟，用一般过去时，be动词用were)werewerewouldhad been(与事实不相符)(对将来的虚拟，用would/could/might+do)(对过去的虚拟，用had done)Activity 3:David is talking to Maria about their scientific research project.First complete Davids lines(A-E,using the words in the box.Then put Davids lines in the correct order and practice the conver

19、sation.A:Absolutely!You may not believe it,but that was _ happened at the initial stage of our groups research on developing a vaccine for malaria.B:Yes,it is.And it seemed _ all the theories were useful,but the fact was _ we couldnt persuade one another that one theory was better than another.C:Exa

20、ctly.The problem was not about _ all our theories were equally good,but in deciding _ theory to depend upon.D:We realised that what we cared about was not _ aspect we needed to develop a theory in,but rather _ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!E:Youre right.At last,we b

21、ecame focused on the key issue,which was _we had to carry out the research in the first place.Maria:This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.David:_Maria:With your theoretical framework?David:_Maria:Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importanc

22、e.David:_Maria:This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.David:_Maria:So what happened in the end?David:_ACBED若作状语，则用when,where,how,why引导解题思路解题思路找出谓语，锁定从句先成分，后含义若不作成分，则用that,as if/though,whether,because引导，只起连接作用若作主语，宾语、表语、定语等成分，则用what(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),

23、whose,which(ever)引导Complete Exercise 2 in Assessing Your Progress on P10.Science is simply _ you can do.And doing science makes you a scientist!So,what do scientists do?Actually,what matters is not only _ they observe in the world around them and what questions they ask,but also _ they use evidence

24、or data to answer the questions.They identify useful data and take new measurements.Some of the key issues that scientists face are _ calculations they do and _ they analyse their data to draw conclusions about the questions they ask.The final issue,which many believe to be the most important,is _ t

25、hey need to communicate their results.This is _ they want everyone to benefit from their work!It seems _ science is all around us.You see,by doing science,scientists get a better understanding of the world around them and share that understanding with the whole world.whatwhathowwhathowthat/as ifwhyb

26、ecauseSummary：1.表语从句的结构:主语+系动词+引导词+简单句2.引导词 从属连词:that,whether,as,as if/though,because 连接代词:who,what,which,whom,whose,.+ever连接副词:when,where,how,why3.注意点:3）if 不引导表语从句。4）表语从句的虚拟语气。1）语序:连主谓。2）主语为reason时，引导词用that表语从句.单句填空1.The trouble is I have lost his address.2.The question is I should go to the cinema

27、 with him,or go shopping with her.3.That was she did this morning on her way to the station.4.He was injured by a car this morning.This is he was absent from school.5.He has made rapid progress.That is he is gifted.6.Thats he used to live.thatwhetherwhatwhybecausewhere7.His suggestion is that anothe

28、r meeting(hold)to discuss the problem.8.The impression he makes on me is he is a reliable person.9.The reason why he was fired was he was suspected of stealing the computer of his company.10.The problem is is really fit for the hard job.(should)be heldthatthatwho.完成句子1.我正要过马路,突然看到一辆小汽车快速过来了。I _ _ _

29、_ _ _ _I saw a car coming quickly.2.是我哥哥给我买的这辆自行车作为礼物。_ _ _ _ _bought me the bike as a present.3.事实是他没有做真正的努力。The fact was _ _ _ _ _.was ready to cross the street whenIt was my brother whothat he didnt really try4.问题是这部电影是否值得看。The question is _ _ _ _ _ _.5.现在看起来好像她认识米莉已有好多年了。Now _ _ _ _ she has know

30、n Millie for years.6.那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。Thats _ _ _ _ _.whether the film is worth seeingit seems as though/ifwhere I first met herHomework1.Finish Activity 1 on page 62.2.Finish Activity 2 on page 62.Bye-bye!1.Research is Im doing when I dont know what Im doing.(Werner von Braun)2.The saddest aspect of l

31、ife right now is science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.(Isaac Asimov)3.An expert can be has made all the mistakes that can be made in a very narrow field.(Niels Bohr)1.Complete Exercise 1 of Using Structures in Workbook on P62.Complete the following ideas by famous scientists

32、with a word or expression that introduces a predicative clause.4.when different experiments give you the same result,it is no longer subject to your opinion.Thats the good thing about science:Its true whether or not you believe in it.Thats _ it works.(Neil deGrasse Tyson)5.This applied science,which

33、 saves work and makes life easier,brings us little happiness.That is _ we have not yet learnt to make sensible use of it!(Albert Einstein)6.There are only two ways to live your life.One is _ nothing is a miracle.The other is _ everything is a miracle.(Albert Einstein)1.A:Papermaking,printing,gunpowd

34、er,and the compass are the four great inventions of ancient China.They are significant contributions of the Chinese nation to the world.B:Sure,they are.What I want to know though is_2.A:The ancient Chinese were the first to invent paper and printing.Then they went on to invent books and had opened b

35、ookshops in many cities.B:What I am curious about is _which one is the greatest2.Complete Exercise 2 of Using Structures in Workbook on P62./how these inventions have changed China and the world.who invented paper/when ink was invented./when and how printing spread to the rest of the world.invention

36、.3.A:The compass is a special invention of ancient China,dating back to as early as the Warring States Period.B:Yes,It seems_4.A:Gunpowder was originally used for making fireworks.B:But what surprises me is _that ancient Chinese had developed a good knowledge of/that the compass was particularly use

37、ful.that gunpowder was not used initially for/how it is so unexpectedly used today.magnetism.firearms.5.A:After the discovery of medicine,acupuncture was invented in China.Acupuncture is a treatment which doesnt involve any drugs.Very thin needles are put in certain parts of a persons body.B:Really?

38、What puzzles me is _6.A:High-speed trains,mobile payments,the bike-sharing system,and online shopping are considered by some as the new“four inventions”of China.B:Is that so?I feel/It seems _/for whom this practice was first done.who first started this practice.that these inventions have really made our lives easier./as if I could not live without them,especially when it comes to online shopping.