过去分词用法详解课件.ppt

1、A动词的过去分词的否定形式动词的过去分词的否定形式动词的过去分词的动词的过去分词的否定形式是由否定形式是由not加动词的过去分词构成加动词的过去分词构成。_,he had to wait outside.不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。B动词的过去分词的特征动词的过去分词的特征1动词的过去分词有时动词的过去分词有时同时带有被动和完成的意义同时带有被动和完成的意义。_,he was interested in biology.由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。One of the glasses was found _

2、.有人发现其中一个杯子破了。有人发现其中一个杯子破了。The books,_,are popular with many Chinese people.鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。Not allowed to go inBorn and brought up in the countrysidebrokenwritten by Lu Xun2及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思。及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思。_,I could have solved that riddle.要是有充足的时间，我就能猜出那个谜语。要是有充足的时间，我就能猜出那

3、个谜语。When you speak English,be sure to _.你说英语的时候，一定要让人懂得你的意思。你说英语的时候，一定要让人懂得你的意思。The experience _ was of great value to our study.在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。3不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成的意思，并不带有被动的不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成的意思，并不带有被动的含义。含义。Given enough time make yourself understood gained in the army逃犯逃犯退休工人退休工人新

4、来的客人新来的客人落叶落叶升起的太阳升起的太阳 an escaped prisoner a retired worker a newly arrived guest fallen leaves the risen sun=a prisoner who has escaped=a worker who has retired=a guest who has just arrived=leaves which have fallen=the sun which has risen一般说来现在分词和过去分词的区别主要表现在一般说来现在分词和过去分词的区别主要表现在“时态时态”和和“语态语态”两个方面

5、。两个方面。时间方面：时间方面：现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词则表示完成的动作。则表示完成的动作。开水开水_正沸腾的水正沸腾的水_发达国家发达国家_发展中国家发展中国家_落叶落叶_正在飘落的叶子正在飘落的叶子_语态方面语态方面现在分词表示主动的意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者；现在分词表示主动的意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者；过去分词表示被动意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的承受着。过去分词表示被动意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的承受着。一个激动人心的电影一个激动人心的电影_激动的观众激动的观众_我听到有人正在关门。我听到有人正在关门。

6、_我听到门被关上了。我听到门被关上了。_boiled waterboiling waterdeveloped countriesdeveloping countriesfallen leavesfalling leavesan exciting film(a film that excites people)excited audiences(audiences who are excited by)I heard someone closing the door.I heard the door closed.过去分词作定语：过去分词作定语：1前置定语前置定语单个的动词的过去分词作定语一般放

7、在被修饰的名词之前。单个的动词的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。A watched pot never boils.心急锅不开。心急锅不开。（潮汕话版本：等水卖滚，等仔卖大。）（潮汕话版本：等水卖滚，等仔卖大。）_ have been repaired.所有的所有的坏门窗都修好了。坏门窗都修好了。但也有后置的情况，但也有后置的情况，例如：例如：_ is not for you,but for my son.剩下的食物不是剩下的食物不是给你的，而是留给我儿子的。给你的，而是留给我儿子的。2后置定语后置定语分词短语作定语一般放在所修饰的词之后，相当于一个定语从句。分词短语作定语一般放在所修

8、饰的词之后，相当于一个定语从句。We have read many novels _.我们读过这个我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。作家写的许多小说。（=that are written by this author）A woman,_,came in and took her seat as a judge.一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。(=who was dressed like a lawyer)All the broken doors and windowsThe food leftwritten by this authordre

9、ssed like a lawyer1.The chemistry teacher,_ by many students,went into the laboratory.A.followed B.following C.to follow D.to be followed2.The USA is a _ country.A.developing B.developed C.to develop D.develop3.Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A.are bought B.

10、bought C.been bought D.buying4.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.,did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played B.C.first played D.to be first playing5.I dont know the girl _ in the destroyed building because of the earthquake.A.to catch B.caught C.catching D.to be catch

11、ing AB B C B【1】Can those _ at the back of the classroom hear me?No problem.（2008福建卷）福建卷）A.seat B.sit C.seated D.sat【2】The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road.（2008湖南卷）湖南卷）A.being blown down B.blown down B.C.blowing down D to blow down【3】We finished the run in less than half the time _.

12、（2008江西卷）江西卷）A.allowing B.to allow C.allowed D.allows【4】“Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.（2007湖南卷）湖南卷）A.lost B.losing C.to lose D.have lost【5】Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _ from the library.(2010全国卷全国卷1)A.to borrow B.to be borrowed C.borrowed D.borrowing C

13、B C AC【6】Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily.（2010北京卷）北京卷）A.advertised B.to be advertised B.C.advertising D.having advertised【7】A great number of _ students said they were forced to practise the piano.（2010四川卷）四川卷）A.to question B.to be questioned B.C.questioned D.que

14、stioning AC过去分词作状语过去分词作状语动词的过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、动词的过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1表示时间：动词的表示时间：动词的-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。语从句。_,the city looks beautiful.从塔上往下看，城从塔上往下看，城市显得很美丽。市显得很美丽。（=When the city is seen from the tower.）_,we were taken to s

15、ee the library.带我们带我们参观了实验室之后，又带我们参观了图书馆。参观了实验室之后，又带我们参观了图书馆。（=After we had been shown the lab.）2.表示原因：动词的表示原因：动词的-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。从句。_,the children couldnt help crying.孩子们被英雄事迹感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。孩子们被英雄事迹感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。（=Since they were moved by the heroic deeds.）_,her letter is v

16、ery hard to read.因为写得因为写得匆忙，她的信很难阅读。匆忙，她的信很难阅读。（=As it was written in a hurry.）Seen from the towerShown the labMoved by the heroic deedsWritten in a hurry3.表示条件表示条件动词的动词的-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。_,water changes into steam.加热，水就能变成蒸汽。加热，水就能变成蒸汽。（=If water is heated.）_,he would b

17、e able to do better.假如多给假如多给一些时间，他会干得更出色。一些时间，他会干得更出色。（=If he was given more time.）4.表示让步表示让步动词的动词的-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。引导的让步状语从句。_,they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。盗。（=Although they were exhausted by the runni

18、ng.）_,he continued his research.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。（=Even if he was laughed at by many people.）HeatedGiven more timeExhausted by the runningLaughed at by many people5表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。动词的动词的-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。通常位于句子

19、的后面，相当于一个并列分句。The teacher stood there,_.老师站在那儿，被学生围住了。老师站在那儿，被学生围住了。（=and he was surrounded by the students）He went into the office,_.他走他走进办公室，后面跟着一些孩子。进办公室，后面跟着一些孩子。(=and he was followed by some children.)surrounded by the studentsfollowed by some children考例考例1._ in 1636,Harvard is one of the most

20、famous universities in the United States.A.Being founded B.It was founded B.C.Founded D.Founding考例考例 2._ time,hell make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given【高考链接【高考链接1】_ twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.(2009北北京卷京卷)A.Being bi

21、tten B.Bitten C.Having bitten D.To be bitten【高考链接【高考链接2】_ by a greater demand of vegetables,farmers have built more green houses.（2007浙江卷）浙江卷）A.Driven B.Being driven C.To drive D.Having drivenCD B A【3】The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day.（2007四川卷）四川卷）A.watered B.watering B.wat

22、er D.to water【4】We all know that,_,the situation will get worse.（2007全国卷全国卷I）A.not if dealt carefully with B.if not carefully dealt withC.if dealt not carefully with D.not if carefully dealt with【5】_ from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.（2010陕西卷）陕西卷）A.Seen B.See

23、ing C.Have seen D.To see【6】_ by the advances in technology,many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.（2009天津）天津）A.Being encouraged B.Encouraging B.C.Encouraged D.Having encouraged【7】_not to miss the flight at 15:20,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.（2009福建）福建）A.Reminding B.Remin

24、ded B.C.To remind D.Having remindedA B A C B过去分词作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语：当作宾语补足语的动词当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时，时，一般应用动词的一般应用动词的-ed形式作宾语的补足语。形式作宾语的补足语。1在感觉动词在感觉动词see,hear,feel,notice,watch,find后作后作宾语补足语。宾语补足语。I heard the Ninth Symphony _.昨昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。We found all the rivers _.我们发我们发

25、现所有的河流都被严重污染了。现所有的河流都被严重污染了。He felt his collar _.他他感觉到衣领被人从后面拉了一下。感觉到衣领被人从后面拉了一下。played last nightseriously pollutedpulled by someone from behind2在使役动词在使役动词get,have,make,leave,keep等后作宾语补足等后作宾语补足语。语。Keep your mouth _ and your eyes open.少说多看。少说多看。Doris got her bad tooth _ in the hospital.多丽多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了

26、。丝在医院把坏牙拔了。He raised his voice in order to make himself _.他提他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。They all went home,leaving all the work _.所有的所有的工作都没完成，他们就回家了。工作都没完成，他们就回家了。The detective and his assistant kept themselves _ in the room all night.侦探和他的助手把自己整夜反锁在房间里。侦探和他的助手把自己整夜反锁在房间里。3过去分词也可用在过去分词也可用在wit

27、h（without）结构中，作宾语补足语。）结构中，作宾语补足语。_,he left the office.一切都安一切都安排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。_,we couldnt finish the task in three weeks.因为没再给我们任何时间，我们三星期因为没再给我们任何时间，我们三星期之内完成不了任务。之内完成不了任务。shutpulled outheardundonelockedWith everything well arrangedWithout any more time given考例考例1.The speaker raised hi

28、s voice but still couldnt make himself _.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard考例考例2.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tiedC.to be tied D.tied考例考例3.The young teacher is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures.A.in

29、terested B.interesting C.interest D.to interest考例考例 4.The criminal,with his hands _ back,was sent to the police station.A.tied B.tie C.to tie D.tying DD A A【高考链接【高考链接1】To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can.（2008江苏卷）江苏卷）A.speak.B.speaking C.spoken D.to

30、 speak【高考链接【高考链接2】He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures.（2007江苏卷）江苏卷）A.interested B.interesting C.interest D.to interest【高考链接【高考链接3】Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ in a short period.（2007福建卷）福建卷）A.impro

31、ved B.improving C.to improve D.improve【高考链接【高考链接4】To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can.（2008江苏卷）江苏卷）A.speak.B.speaking C.spoken D.to speakCA AC【高考链接【高考链接5】A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending,but the reader must not be left _

32、.(NMET2006天津卷天津卷)A.unsatisfied B.unsatisfying B.C.to be unsatisfying D.being unsatisfied【高考链接【高考链接6】Alexander tried to get his work _in the medical circles.（2010辽宁卷）辽宁卷）A.to recognize B.recognizing C.recognize D.recognized【高考链接【高考链接7】The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already _ fo

33、r a meal to be cooked.（2010山东卷）山东卷）A.laid B.laying C.to lay D.being laid【高考链接【高考链接8】Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _ with her stories.（2010上海卷）上海卷）A.amused B.amusing C.to amuse D.to be amusedA D A A过去分词作表语过去分词作表语同一动词的过去分词与现在分词作表语时的区别：同一动词的过去分词与现在分词作表语时的区别：过去分词作表语，其主语

34、通常是人，表示主语所处的状态过去分词作表语，其主语通常是人，表示主语所处的状态或表示主语对某事的感觉，意思是或表示主语对某事的感觉，意思是“（某人）（某人）的的”；而现在；而现在分词其主语通常是物，表示主语的特征，意思是分词其主语通常是物，表示主语的特征，意思是“令人令人的的”。常用作表语的过去分词有：常用作表语的过去分词有：interested,moved,discouraged,amused,astonished,surprised,frightened,excited,moved,inspired,pleased;tired,worried,hurt,crowded,gone,broke

35、n,dressed,wounded,injured等。等。These problems are very _.这些问题很令人迷惑。这些问题很令人迷惑。We are much _ by his failure to reply.他不给我们他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解。回信使我们百思不得其解。His speech was very _.他的演讲非常感人。他的演讲非常感人。All the people present were _.在场的所有在场的所有人都被感动得流泪了。人都被感动得流泪了。puzzledmovingmoved to tearspuzzling考例考例 As we joined

36、the big crowd I got _ from my friends.A.separated B.spared C.lost D.missed【高考链接【高考链接1】Ladies and gentlemen,please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.(2009四川卷四川卷)A.seated B.seating C.to seat D.seat【高考链接【高考链接2】Tom sounds very much _ in the job,but Im not sure whether he can manage it

37、.（2006安徽卷）安徽卷）A.interested B.interesting C.interestingly D.interestedly【高考链接【高考链接3】Sara,hurry up.Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party.(NMET2004全国卷全国卷1)A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change【高考链接【高考链接4】Though_ to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.（2010全国卷全国卷

38、2）A.surprising B.was surprised C.surprised D.being surprised【高考链接【高考链接5】In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.（2010福建卷）福建卷）A.sticking B.stuck C.to be stuck D.to have stuck A A AA CB 分词可以有意义上的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词充分词可以有意义上的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词充当，置于分词之前，这种结构称为当，置于分词之前，这种

39、结构称为分词的独立主格结构分词的独立主格结构，分词独立主格结构不是句子，因为没有实际的主语和谓语，分词独立主格结构不是句子，因为没有实际的主语和谓语，该结构一般可以放在句首或句尾，作状语，表示时间、原该结构一般可以放在句首或句尾，作状语，表示时间、原因、方式等。因、方式等。_,we went home.一切事情都做完了，一切事情都做完了，我们就回家了。我们就回家了。_,Henry had to find another job.钱都用完了，亨利不得不再找一份工作。钱都用完了，亨利不得不再找一份工作。He was lying on the grass,_ _.他躺在草地上，头枕着双手。他躺在草地

40、上，头枕着双手。_,the planned trip will have to be called off.考虑到所有的情况，原来计划好的旅行不考虑到所有的情况，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消。得不取消。Everything doneAll our money run out his hands crossed under his headAll things considered考例考例 1.All things _,he decided to go together with me.A.considered B.considering C.to consider D.consider考例考例

41、2.Hands _ behind his head,John lay on the sand with his eyes looking straight upward into space.A.crossing B.were crossed C.crossed D.had crossed【高考链接【高考链接1】The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft,the most recent _at the end of last March.(2007山东卷山东卷)A.has been launched B.having be

42、en launched B.C.being launched D.to be launched【高考链接【高考链接2】The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons _ for the day.（2007重庆卷）重庆卷）A.finishing B.finished C.had finished D.were finishedAC B B 动词的过去分词的一些固定词组也可在句中作独立成动词的过去分词的一些固定词组也可在句中作独立成分，不受逻辑主语的限制。分，不受逻辑主语的限制。Put frankly,I dont agre

43、e with what he said.坦白地说，坦白地说，我不同意他所说的。我不同意他所说的。Given the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.考虑到他一考虑到他一般的身体状况，手术后的恢复可能需要一段时间。般的身体状况，手术后的恢复可能需要一段时间。考例考例 _ the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having givenA