通过知识竞争：人力资本架构课件.ppt

1、Scott A.SnellCornell University393 Ives HallIthaca,NY 14853(607)255-4112scott.snellcornell.eduCompeting through Knowledge:The Human Capital Architecture通过知识竞争：人力资本架构通过知识竞争：人力资本架构IBMIBM“You can get capital and erect buildings,but it takes people to build a business.”“你能得到资金和高楼大厦，但你需要你能得到资金和高楼大厦，但你需要员

2、工才能完成交易员工才能完成交易”Thomas J.Watson,IBMDid IBM forget?$168 billion(Tobins Q=2.1)Hardware,software,and services Nobel prize-winning scientists 3,768 patents(1993-1995)Whats Happening Today?今天发生了什么？Industry Changes工业变化 Globalization全球化 Information technology信息技术 Knowledge-based strategies以知识为基础的战略 Core co

3、mpetencies核心能力 Innovation变革 External partnerships外部合作伙伴New Business Equation新的商业等式Need for需要 Organizational agility敏捷的组织 Speed速度 Innovation变革 Cost成本网络型组织网络型组织对顾客诚实对顾客诚实智力资本智力资本信息技术信息技术合作者与契约伙伴合作者与契约伙伴打破界限打破界限关注核心能力关注核心能力Core Competence核心能力is a bundle of skills and technologies that enables a company

4、 to provide a particular benefit to customers.包括大量技能和技术，可以提供给消费者特殊的利益。Hamel and Prahalad,1994 SONY索尼 Miniaturization微型设计Pocketability便携式FEDERAL EXPRESS联邦快递 Logistics后勤（协调能力）On-time delivery准时送货HONDA本田 Engine design/mfg.机械设计 Reliable performance值得信赖的产品值得信赖的产品MOTOROLA摩托罗拉公司Wireless technology无线技术Untet

5、hered comm.无线沟通 Core Benefit toCompetence Customer核心能力 给消费者的利益CRITERIA标准 valuable有价值的 unique唯一的 extendable可扩展性 learning学习 Benefits VALUE=-Costs UNIQUE=(social complexity+causal ambiguity)LEARNING=(experience x challenge)Competing Through Peoplet人的竞争人的竞争 Identify&develop core skills确定和发展核心技能 Integrat

6、e diverse activities整合多样化的动机 Respond with agility&speed敏捷、快速反应 Empower action授权 Innovate变革Core Competence核心能力is a bundle of skills and technologies that enables a company to provide a particular benefit to customers.包括大量技能和技术，可以提供给消费者特殊的利益。-Hamel and Prahalad 价值收益/成本学习经验挑战唯一社会的复杂性原因的模糊性 KNOWLEDGE知识知

7、识 -customer客户 -technology技术 -operations 执行 -managing 管理 PROCESSES流程流程 -customer segmentation客户服务部门 -just-in-time(hrs)及时服务 -mass customization模块用户化 -build to order(AIM)以订单为核心 -ROIC metrics 计算基本回报率制度 -experimentation试验 TECHNOLOGY技术技术 -Premier pages主页 -software installation软件安装 -TPM triggers(parts,serv

8、ice)-customer purchasing systems客户购买系统 RELATIONSHIPS关系关系 -customer intimacy(Boeing)客户的熟悉程度 -Platinum councils顶尖顾问 -supplier partnerships(Sony)供应商合作 -employee involvement雇员参与 -third party service maintainers(TPMs)第三方提供维修服务 -distribution agreements(UPS,Airbourne)分享协议“Virtual Integration”“A low-value p

9、roduct can be made by anyone anywhere.When you have knowledge no one else has access to-thats dynamite.We guard our intellectual assets even more carefully than our financial assets.”低价值的产品任何人、任何地方都可以做。当你拥有别人无法掌握的知识时那才是优势。我们小心保护着我们的智力资本甚至超过了我们的金融资本 -Roy Vagelos,former CEO Merck价值整合“Positively Outrag

10、eous Service”Southwest Airlines西南航空西南航空 TECHNOLOGY技术技术 -Premier pages主页 -software installation软件安装 -TPM triggers(parts,service)第三方提供维修服务 -customer purchasing systems客户购买系统 PROCESSES流程流程 -customer segmentation客户服务部门 -just-in-time(hrs)及时服务 -mass customization模块用户化 -build to order(AIM)以订单为核心 -ROIC metr

11、ics计算基本回报率制度 -experimentation试验 KNOWLEDGE知识知识 -customer客户 -technology技术 -operations 执行 -managing 管理 RELATIONSHIPS关系关系 -customer intimacy(Boeing)客户的熟悉程度 -Platinum councils顶尖顾问 -supplier partnerships(Sony)供应商合作 -employee involvement雇员参与 -third party service maintainers(TPMs)第三方提供维修服务 -distribution agr

12、eements(UPS,Airbourne)分享协议积极的额外服务 KNOWLEDGE知识知识 -microbiology微生物 -biochemistry有机化学 -imunodiagnostics免疫诊断 (antibodies/conjugates)抗体/融合 PROCESSES流程流程 -R&D/Mfg.研发 -bioconjugation生物聚和 -antibody purification抗体提纯 -PCR amplification -DNA hybridization DNA杂交 -TQM全面质量管理 -commercialization商品化 TECHNOLOGY -immu

13、noassays确定抗原 -ELISA(serum/blood)免疫血清 -rapid diagnostics快速诊断 -DNA based DNA基础 RELATIONSHIPS关系关系 -CRC-DT,CDC -U.S.Army 美国军队 -World Health Org国际健康组织.-universities大学 -distribution network分享网络 -employee(science/mkt)雇员C2=“Rapid Learning”An organization at the frontier of its intellectual field is more lik

14、ely to stay at the frontier.It can attract and challenge more and better intellect than its competitors.By solving more advanced problems,it has more capacity to solve others.And so on.”一个处于智力领域的前沿的组织一定处于行业的前沿。它能够比竞争对手吸引更多更好的人才且为其提供更多的机会。通过解决尖端问题它也能解决其他问题。-JB QuinnBIOTECH INC.C2=快速学习Combination of p

15、eople and systemsleads to.Human CapitalSocial CapitalOrganizationalCapitalBioTech,Inc.:Intellectual capital生物技术：智力资本生物技术：智力资本PeopleSystems KNOWLEDGE知识知识 -microbiology -biochemistry -bioconjugation -imunodiagnostics PROCESSES流程流程 -R&D/Mfg.-bioconjugation -antibody purification -PCR amplification -DNA

16、 hybridization -TQM -commercialization TECHNOLOGIES技术技术 -immunoassays -ELISA(serum/blood)-rapid diagnostics -DNA based detection RELATIONSHIPS关系关系 -CRC-DT,CDC -U.S.Army -World Health Org.-universities -distribution network -employee(science/mkt)C2=“Rapid Learning”快速学习快速学习PEOPLESYSTEMSCore Competence

17、核心能力核心能力人员系统人力资本社会资本组织资本人与系统的整合导致KnowledgeKnowledgeTechnologiesTechnologiesProcessesProcessesRelationshipsRelationshipsBenefitsVALUE=-CostsUNIQUE=(social complexity+causal ambiguity)LEARNING=(experience x challenge)How does human capital contribute to the core competence?人力资本对核心能力的贡献人力资本对核心能力的贡献 Val

18、ue有价值的 Unique唯一的Resources need to be:资源是 Benefits VALUE 价值=-CostsDrives innovation推动变革Responds to customer demands反映消费者需求Provides excellent customer service提供出色的客户服务Achieves highest quality达成最优质量Instrumental in process improvements有助于流程完善Develops new business opportunities发展新的商业机会Directly affects ef

19、ficiency and productivity直接影响效率和生产率Minimizes costs of production,service,delivery最小化产品成本、服务成本、送货成本Not widely available in the marketz在市场上没有得到广泛的信赖Cannot be bought or appropriated不能被购买或采购Difficult to imitate or duplicate难以模仿或复制Specialized KSAs特别的KSADifficult to replace难以替代Customized to our firm在公司定做D

20、eveloped through on-the-job experiences通过有实际经验的人培训Distinguishes us from our competitors差异化收益成本KEY 财务人员HR人员技术管理团队信息系统员 操作人员市场/销售 研发员质量控制人员生物研究员客户服务人员.快速诊断员.法律顾问分配研发人员机械操作员运输员 销售员销售员 技术管理团队客户服务人员HR人员研发人员 快速诊断员财务人员客户服务人员操作工研发人员研发合作伙伴Core Knowledge核心知识核心知识Low VALUE high低低 唯一性唯一性 高高人力资本图人力资本图快速诊断Scott A.

21、Snell,Cornell UniversityC2=Rapid LearningHR人员法律顾问信息管理员生物研究员财务人员质量控制员技术管理团队公用型知识公用型知识Compulsory KnowledgeIdiosyncratic Knowledge特殊知识特殊知识辅助型知识辅助型知识Ancillary Knowledge价值低高R&DManufacturing/Operations Distribution SalesSales TMTCustServHRR&D RapidsFinCustomerServiceMfgR&DR&DPartnersCore Knowledge核心知识核心知识

22、Low VALUE highLow UNIQUE highBIOTECH,INC:Mapping Human Capital人力资本图人力资本图KEY Finance财务 HR人力资源 TMT技术管理团队 MIS信息系统 Mfg/Operations 操作人员 Market/Sales市场/销售 R&D研发 Quality质量 Biologicals生物 Cust.Service客户服务 Rapid Diag.快速诊断 Legal/Reg.法律 Distribution 分配RapidsScott A.Snell,Cornell UniversityC2=Rapid LearningHRLeg

23、alMISBiologicalsFinQualityTMTCompulsory KnowledgeIdiosyncratic Knowledge特殊知识特殊知识Ancillary Knowledge唯一性价值低高低高Human Capital Architecture人力资本架构HumanCapital unique value HRMSystem Employ Mode人力资本唯一性有价值人力资源管理系统雇佣模型Core Human Capital核心人力资本核心人力资本 High Value:Direct link to core competence高价值：直接与核心能力相连高价值：直接

24、与核心能力相连 High Uniqueness:Firm-specific knowledge and skills独一无二：公司特别的知识和技能独一无二：公司特别的知识和技能High ValueHigh ValueLow ValueLow ValueUniqueGenericGenericIdiosyncraticIdiosyncraticAncillaryAncillary CompulsoryCompulsoryHuman Capital ArchitectureCoreR&DManufacturing/OperationsDistribution SalesSales TMTCustS

25、ervHRR&D RapidsFinCustomerServiceMfgR&DR&DPartnersTRADITIONAL JOB-BASED EMPLOYMENTALLIANCE/PARTNERCONTRACT WORKKNOWLEDGE WORKLow VALUE highLow VALUE highLow UNIQUE highLow UNIQUE highBIOTECH,INC:Mapping Human CapitalKEY FinanceHRTMTMISMfg/Operations Market/Sales R&DQualityBiologicalsCust.ServiceRapi

26、d Diag.Legal/Reg.Distribution KEY FinanceHRTMTMISMfg/Operations Market/Sales R&DQualityBiologicalsCust.ServiceRapid Diag.Legal/Reg.Distribution RapidsScott A.Snell,Cornell UniversityC2=Rapid LearningHRLegalMISBiologicalsFinQualityTMT例如Employment Mode:knowledge work雇佣方式：知识工作雇佣方式：知识工作Employment Relati

27、onship:organization-focused雇佣关系：组织为核心雇佣关系：组织为核心Examples:software developers(Microsoft)软件开发人员软件开发人员 drug researchers (Merck)药物研究人员药物研究人员 fund managers(Fidelity)基金管理经理基金管理经理“gold-collar”workers金领工人金领工人High ValueHigh ValueLow ValueLow ValueUniqueGenericGenericCoreCoreIdiosyncraticIdiosyncraticAncillary

28、AncillaryHuman Capital ArchitectureHuman Capital ArchitectureHuman Capital ArchitectureHuman Capital ArchitectureCompulsoryEmployment Mode:traditional job雇佣方式：传统工作雇佣方式：传统工作Employment Relationship:job-focused雇佣关系：以工作为核心雇佣关系：以工作为核心Examples:staff accountants(Andersen)人事会计人事会计sales people(Sears)销售人员销售人员

29、truck drivers(UPS)卡车司机卡车司机HighValue:Direct link to strategyHigh Uniqueness:Generic knowledge and skills Compulsory Human Capital公用型人力资本公用型人力资本 High Value:Direct link to core competence高价值：直接与核心能力相连高价值：直接与核心能力相连 Low Uniqueness:Generic knowledge and skills普遍性：普通知识和技能普遍性：普通知识和技能R&DManufacturing/Operati

30、onsDistribution SalesSales TMTCustServHRR&D RapidsFinCustomerServiceMfgR&DR&DPartnersTRADITIONAL JOB-BASED EMPLOYMENTALLIANCE/PARTNERCONTRACT WORKKNOWLEDGE WORKLow VALUE highLow VALUE highLow UNIQUE highLow UNIQUE highBIOTECH,INC:Mapping Human CapitalKEY FinanceHRTMTMISMfg/Operations Market/Sales R&DQualityBiologicalsCust.ServiceRapid Diag.Legal/Reg.Distribution KEY FinanceHRTMTMISMfg/Operations Market/Sales R&DQualityBiologicalsCust.ServiceRapid Diag.Legal/Reg.Distribution RapidsScott A.Snell,Cornell UniversityC2=Rapid LearningHRLegalMISBiologicalsFinQualityTMT