Unit 1 Discover Useful Structures（ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第一册.pptx

1、Unit1 Learning About LanguageDiscover useful structures非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Non-restrictive attributive clauses学习目标：学习目标：11.了解非限制性定语从句中关系词的使用规则及其与限制性定语了解非限制性定语从句中关系词的使用规则及其与限制性定语从句的异同从句的异同;2.能够正确理解并运用非限制性定语从句。能够正确理解并运用非限制性定语从句。问题导学问题导学1:1 Answer the following questions：1)定语从句分为哪两类？区别有哪些？定语从句分为哪两类？区别有哪些？P

2、ay attention to the underlined sentences and the circled words.,引导定语引导定语从句的关从句的关系代词系代词which(指指物物)引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词who(指人指人，在从句中，在从句中作主语作主语)非限制性定语非限制性定语从句从句是对先行是对先行词的附加说明，词的附加说明，若省去也不影若省去也不影响主句的意思。响主句的意思。它和主句之间它和主句之间常用逗号隔开常用逗号隔开。We have learned some sentences with restrictive attributive clauses

3、.Now lets learn some sentences with non-restrictive attributive clauses.点拨应用点拨应用1:5Have a1.This years Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner),whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial new treatment for malaria.2.In the beginning,Tu Youyou we

4、nt to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.3.Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.4.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize,which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.问题导学问题导学2:2 Answer the following q

5、uestions：2)如何正确区分如何正确区分which和和as引导的定语从句？引导的定语从句？3)使用非限制性定语从句时应注意哪些问题？使用非限制性定语从句时应注意哪些问题？(1)St Petersburg,which is a very beautiful city,was once called Leningrad.(2)Yesterday I met Li Ping,who seemed to be very busy.(3)He came to the United States in 1914,when World War broke out.(4)Singapore,where

6、I have lived for ten years,is a nice place.(5)The Queen will visit the town in May,when she will open the new hospital.1.同限制性定语从句一样，同限制性定语从句一样，非限制性定语从句也非限制性定语从句也 可可由由关系代词关系代词/关系副词关系副词引导，但从句中的引导，但从句中的关系关系 词不可省略词不可省略，关系代词，关系代词that和关系副词和关系副词why不可不可 用于非限制性定语从句用于非限制性定语从句。点拨应用点拨应用2:25(1)Beijing,which is t

7、he capital of China,has a very long history.(2)I told him to see a doctor,which advice he took.(3)This is New York,which I have visited for several times.(4)He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.(5)He was late again,which made the teacher very unhappy.注：注：which引导的非限制性定语从句

8、，其引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词先行词可以是主句中的可以是主句中的一一个名词（指物）个名词（指物），也可以是，也可以是整个句子整个句子；which在从句中可作在从句中可作主语、主语、宾语或定语等宾语或定语等，不可省略不可省略。which指指Beijing，在从句中作主语，在从句中作主语which指前面的整个主句，指前面的整个主句，在从句作定语，不可省略在从句作定语，不可省略which指指New York,在从句作宾语，不可省略在从句作宾语，不可省略which指前面的整个主句指前面的整个主句,在从句作主语在从句作主语which指前面的整个主句，在从句作主语指前面的整个主句，在从句作主语(1)

9、Taiwan belongs to China,as is known.(2)Things will turn out contrary to ones wishes,as is often the case.(3)As the saying goes,“A years work begins with spring.”注：注：as可以像可以像which 一样引导一个定语从句一样引导一个定语从句修饰整个先行主句修饰整个先行主句，而，而不是某一个单词，常常可以译为不是某一个单词，常常可以译为“正如，正像；这正如，正像；这”，而，而which 一般一般译为译为“这这”；as是关系词中是关系词中唯一

10、可以置于句首唯一可以置于句首的关系词。的关系词。众所周知众所周知，台湾是属于中国的。，台湾是属于中国的。事与愿违，事与愿违，这这是常有的事。是常有的事。正如正如俗语所说，一年之计在于春。俗语所说，一年之计在于春。(1)The car,for which I paid a lot of money,is now out of date.(2)I suggest you go to a specialist,from whom you can get answers to most of your questions.(3)In this chapter,one of our problems i

11、s to discover the principles on which these tests are based.2.介词介词+关系代词关系代词也可引导也可引导非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句，但在这种定但在这种定语从句中，语从句中，介词通常前置，介词通常前置，关系代词也不可省略关系代词也不可省略。(1)Many young people,most of whom were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2)This is the house,the window of which brok

12、e last night.(3)The people,all of whose homes had been damaged by the flood,were given help by the Red Cross.3.名词名词/代词代词/数词数词+of+whom/which引导的引导的 非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句。注：注：whose+n.(人人/物物)=the+n.+of whom/which =of whom/which+the+n.restrictive relative clausesnon-restrictive relative clause1.I saw the guy

13、 who delivers my mail in town yesterday.2.Ill always remember the river where we learned to swim.3.Do you know the reason why the sky is blue?4.Shes the person whose daughter goes to Harvard.1.Paris,where I spent six months studying,is the most beautiful city in the world.2.The woman down the street

14、,whose children are the same age as yours,invited us over for dinner next week.3.The movie,which is my favorite comedy of all time,is being shown on TV tomorrow night.which guy?which river?the reason for what?which person?若去掉，句子含义若去掉，句子含义不明确不明确若去掉，若去掉，不影响不影响句句子含义子含义无逗号无逗号与主句隔开与主句隔开有逗号有逗号与主句隔开与主句隔开Ho

15、w restrictive relative clauses differ from non-restrictive relative clause?(1)This is the photo_ I took.(2)This is the pen _ he bought yesterday.(3)She is the woman _ I know.(4)This is the book _ you asked for.(5)Thats the reason _ he is leaving so early.(6)The shed in our garden,_ my father built m

16、any years ago,has lasted for a long time.(7)She married Joe,_ surprised everyone.(8)The river,_ is now clean enough to swim in,was polluted several years ago.(9)The author of the book,_ I met at a party last week,proved to be a well-known journalist.Fill in the blanks and compare.(which/that)(which/

17、that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)why whichwhichwhichwhom(1)This is the photo_ I took.(2)This is the pen _ he bought yesterday.(3)She is the woman _ I know.(4)This is the book _ you asked for.(5)Thats the reason _ he is leaving so early.(which/that)(which/that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)why(6)The shed

18、 in our garden,_ my father built many years ago,has lasted for a long time.(7)She married Joe,_ surprised everyone.(8)The river,_ is now clean enough to swim in,was polluted several years ago.(9)The author of the book,_ I met at a party last week,proved to be a well-known journalist.whichwhichwhichw

19、hom引导词对比小结引导词对比小结1)1)关系代词关系代词that不能引不能引导非限制性定语从句；导非限制性定语从句；2)2)非限制性定语从句的非限制性定语从句的关系代词关系代词在任何情况下在任何情况下都都不可省略不可省略；3)3)关系副词关系副词why不引导不引导非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句。Fill in the blanks and compare.Translate the following sentences and compare.(1)Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.(2)They rel

20、y on themselves,which is much better.(3)My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day.(4)He is the man whose car was stolen.Charles Smith 去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。他们依靠自己，这样好的多。他们依靠自己，这样好的多。我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。他就是汽车被窃的那个人。他就是汽车被窃的那个人。Translate the fol

21、lowing sentences and compare.(1)Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.Charles Smith 去年退休了，他曾经是我去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。的老师。(2)They rely on themselves,which is much better.他们依靠自己，这样好的多。他们依靠自己，这样好的多。(3)My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day.我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发我在上海工

22、作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。电子邮件。(4)He is the man whose car was stolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。他就是汽车被窃的那个人。翻译对比小结翻译对比小结1)1)非限制性定语从句通常译非限制性定语从句通常译成成主句的并列句主句的并列句；2)2)限制性定语从句译成先行限制性定语从句译成先行词的定语：词的定语：“的的 ”。Rewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses.EXAMPLEThe book tells us about Alexander Fleming.He discover

23、ed penicillin.The book tells us about Alexander Fleming,who discovered penicillin.1.We were very impressed by the old man.He was not willing to acknowledge defeat.2.Afterwards,Einstein had to flee Germany.Hitler was in power there.3.There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyo

24、nd our control.4.The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist,J.K.Rowling.It inspired us a lot.5.The building under construction was designed by I.M.Pei-a famous Chinese-American architect.He was born in Guangzhou,China.6.I was asked to explain the project with the help of a

25、flow chart.It was a big challenge for me.P5第第2题题1.We were very impressed by the old man.He was not willing to acknowledge defeat.2.Afterwards,Einstein had to flee Germany.Hitler was in power there.3.There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control.4.The teacher asked

26、 us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist,J.K.Rowling.It inspired us a lot.5.The building under construction was designed by I.M.Pei-a famous Chinese-American architect.He was born in Guangzhou,China.6.I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart.It was a big challenge

27、for me.Check your answers.We were very impressed by the old man,who was not willing to acknowledge defeat.Afterwards,Einstein had to flee Germany,where Hitler was in power.There is nothing we can do to help Linda,whose circumstances are beyond our control.The teacher asked us to listen to a speech b

28、y his favourite novelist,J.K.Rowling,which inspired us a lot.The building under construction was designed by I.M.Pei-a famous Chinese-American architect,who was born in Guangzhou,China.I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart,which was a big challenge for me.Describe the pict

29、uresEveryone has their favorite dish on the Thanksgiving dinner table.Most of them are fond of turkey best.Toms family are sitting at the table.All of them are praying before the meal.Toms family are sitting at the table,all of whom are praying before the meal.Everyone has their favorite dish on the

30、 Thanksgiving dinner table,most of whom are fond of turkey best.难点难点11.The factory was built in a secret place,around which _high mountains.巩固：巩固：(1)The murder happened in an old building,beside which_ the city police station.(2)Next month well move to a new building,next to which _ a nice restauran

31、t _ we can have Chinese food.难点难点1:1:定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致are isiswhere Activity 4:定语从句中的难点疑点难点难点2v He had a lot of friends,and only a few of _ were invited to his wedding.v He had a lot of friends,only a few of _ were invited to his wedding.巩固：巩固：(1)I finish my homework at 10:30,after _ I lie down e

32、njoying some music.(2)George,with _ I played tennis on Sundays,was a out-spoken boy.难点难点2:2:代词与定语从句中的关系代词的区别代词与定语从句中的关系代词的区别themwhomwhichwhomv He had a lot of friends,only a few of _ invited to his wedding.them(3)They put forward a lot of study schedules at home,none of_ carried out in their work.(4

33、)They put forward a lot of study schedules at home,but none of _ were carried out in their work.(5)They put forward a lot of study schedules at home,none of_ were carried out in their work.themthemwhich难点难点33.The second is connected with the use _ the body makes of food.巩固：巩固：(1)Why cant you realize

34、 the part_ they have played in our life?(2)Thank you for the difficulty _ you have had painting the house.难点难点3:3:固定动宾搭配中的定语从句固定动宾搭配中的定语从句(that/which)(that/which)(that/which)难点难点4v David is such a diligent boy _ all the teachers like.v David is so diligent a boy _ all the teachers like him.巩固：巩固：(1)

35、I find it the same museum _ I paid a visit to last year.(2)It was not such a good dinner _ she had promised us.难点难点4:4:带带such/so/as/the samesuch/so/as/the same的定语从句的定语从句asthatthatasWork in groups.Complete the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses to give extra information.Then share them

36、with your group members.P5 3EXAMPLEId like to try,Id like to try that Chinese herbal medicine again,which seems to work best for my cough.1.I would like to travel around,2.What impressed me most,.3.My favourite scientist is,4.Finally,we arrived at,5.My grandparents like going for outings in spring,6

37、.I wish to obtain,7.My best friend,Possible answers.7.My best friend,1.I would like to travel around,2.What impressed me most,.3.My favourite scientist is,4.Finally,we arrived at,5.My grandparents like going for outings in spring,6.I wish to obtain,I would like to travel around China,whose food is v

38、ery delicious.What impressed me most was the Student Activity,where I got lots of information.My favourite scientist is Albert Einstein,who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics.Finally,we arrived at the peak of Mount Tai,where we can overlook the beautiful scenery.My grandparents like

39、 going for outings in spring,when the temperature is comfortable.I wish to obtain some useful information about this disease,which can help him get better treatment.My best friend is Sophia,who is my classmate.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是句中是句中不可缺不可缺少的组成部分少的组成部分，使先行词区别，使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间之间不用逗号不用逗号

40、隔开。隔开。引导词：引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作关系代词和关系副词，作宾语宾语时一些关系代词时一些关系代词可以省略可以省略非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是是对主句先对主句先行词的补充说明行词的补充说明，没有这种从，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整。一般句不影响主句意思完整。一般用逗号用逗号把主句和从句分开。把主句和从句分开。引导词：引导词：as,who,whom,whose,which,when,where等，等，不不用用that或或why,不能省略不能省略28The differencesAspect(方面方面)限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Form(形式形式

41、)Meaning（意义）（意义）Function（功能）（功能）Translation（翻译）（翻译）Relative(关系词关系词)无逗号无逗号有逗号有逗号去掉，主句意思不完整不明确去掉，主句意思不完整不明确去掉，主句意思完整清楚去掉，主句意思完整清楚修饰限定修饰限定只修饰一个名词或代词只修饰一个名词或代词补充说明补充说明可修饰一个词，也可修饰整可修饰一个词，也可修饰整个句子个句子译为译为“的的”常译成与主句并列的句子常译成与主句并列的句子作宾语时可省略作宾语时可省略关系词一般关系词一般不可省略不可省略不能用不能用that,why引导引导1.Now Irene Astbury works f

42、rom 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,_ she opened with her late husband Les.(2019(2019全国卷全国卷)2.She and her family bicycle to work,_ helps them keep fit.(2018(2018北京卷北京卷)A.which B.who C.as D.that3.Kate,_ sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia

43、.(2018(2018天津天津)A.whom B.that C.whose D.herwhich当堂检测当堂检测:10 1.The famous basketball star,_ is an American,came to China yesterday.2.They are always smoking,_,of course,will do harm to their health.3.I bought a car yesterday,_ cost me a lot.4.Xian,_ I visited last year,is a nice old city.5.He will co

44、me to see me next July,_ he wont be so busy.6.The school,_ I once studied,was built thirty years ago.whichwhichwho:Fill in the blanks with proper relative words.whichwherewhenHow have weddings changed in recent years?when when Using in the contextLi Qiang:There was a time 1._ weddings were very trad

45、itional in China,but that changed in the 1980s,2._ some Western-style ceremonies became popular.Jun Ho:Here in South Korea,marriages were traditionally arranged by a matchmaker（媒人）（媒人）,3._ responsibility was to find the right partner for you.I have lots of friends 4._ parents met that way,but arrang

46、ed marriages arent as common nowadays.whose whoseCassidy:In America,there arent as many traditional ceremonies.Some people go to Hawaii,5._ they get married on the beach,or there are actually places in the States 6._ a celebrity lookalike,like Elvis,performs a civil ceremony.wherewhere1.有一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性

47、，她的名字屠呦呦。有一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性，她的名字屠呦呦。2.中国的美食非常美味，这个给外国游客印象很深。中国的美食非常美味，这个给外国游客印象很深。3.众所周知，中国的教育正在经历一个巨大的变革。众所周知，中国的教育正在经历一个巨大的变革。Translation There is a woman who is awarded the Noble Prize,whose name is Tu Youyou.Chinese cuisine is very delicious,which impress foreign visitors a lot.As is known to all,Chinese education is undergoing a great change.