2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第一册Unit5 课文译文及知识点总结（ppt课件）.pptx

1、Chemical Versus Organic FarmingEvaluate chemical farming and organic farming1Read the Passage Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century.When they were first introduced,many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight

2、crop disease and increase production.Over time,however,what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and peoples health.Chemical Versus Organic FarmingMark where it needs a pause.For example,pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bac

3、teria and insects,but also helpful ones.In addition,these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time.This affects the crops grown on the land and,in turn,the animals and humans who digest them.Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause c

4、ancer.In fact,some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment.As for chemical fertilisers,crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.They may look beautiful on the outside,but inside there is usua

5、lly more water than essential minerals,and they often have less flavour as well.As an alternative,some farmers have switched to organic farming,and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.Organic far

6、mers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means.For example,many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser.This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals.It also keeps the air,soil,water,and crops free of chemicals.Organic farmers also use m

7、any other methods to produce rich soil.They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.For instance,they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year,and then grow beans there the next.Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground,making it

8、 ready for the next batch of crops.Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that used different depths of soil to help keep it rich.For example,peanuts grow on the grounds surface,but many other vegetables put down deep roots.The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food w

9、hile avoiding damage to the environment or to peoples health.Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely.What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.Organic farming is nowhere near able to

10、 meet that need.Therefore,there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.2课文知识点讲解Chemical Versus Organic Farming化学耕作化学耕作与与有机耕作有机耕作versus:used to compare two different ideas,choices,et

11、c.（比较两种不同想法、选择等）与相对，与相比 Para1 Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century.When they were first introduced,many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production.Over time,however,what some

12、 scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and peoples health.1.pesticide：pest害虫+i+cide=killcut“切开，杀”2.in widespread use 在广泛使用中3.introduce:推行；实施；采用4.fight crop disease 抵制作物病害 to fight crop disease and increase production 不定式作a great way 的后置定语5.over time 随着时间的

13、流逝5.what some scientists have found是what 引导的主语从句Para2 For example,pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects,but also helpful ones.In addition,these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time.This affects the crops grown on the l

14、and and,in turn,the animals and humans who digest them.Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.In fact,some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment.As for chemical fertilisers,cro

15、ps grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.They may look beautiful on the outside,but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals,and they often have less flavour as well.1.bacteria n(单数bacterium）细菌2.in turn 相应地；转而；依次3.digest vt vi 消化；vt 领会；领悟4.as for 至于。as for 常

16、位于句首，用以转换话题。5.too-to-太而不能6.essential:(to/for sth)(to do sth)(that.)SYN vital完全必要的；极其重要的1in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流This in turn attracts more users and advertisers,and so on.这反过来又吸引了更多的用户和广告商等。We will examine each of these methods in turn.我们将依次逐个分析这些方法。知识总结(1)take turns to do/in doing sth.轮流做某事Its ones turn

17、 to do sth.轮到某人做某事了by turns轮流地，交替地(2)in return作为回报in return for作为对的回报归纳总结单句语法填空The children called out their names _ turn.Its my turn _(clean)the classroom.Theory is based on practice and _ turn serves practice.This book is,_ turns,funny and sad.into cleaninby牛刀小试完成句子阅读故事可以明显增加人与人之间的互动，转而降低压力水平。Read

18、ing stories can lead to a noticeable increase in human interaction,which _ can lower stress levels.我们给我们的学生提供优质的教育。作为回报，我们期待学生能努力学习。We offer an excellent education to our students._，we expect students to work hard.他请我们吃了一顿大餐，以报答我们的帮助。He treated us to a big meal _ our assistance.in turnIn returnin re

19、turn for2essential adj.(that.)completely necessary;extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity SYN vital完全必要的；必不可少的；极其重要的eg:The words are essential for everybody to learn English.It is essential that you get a visa before you travel to the USA归纳总结be essential to/for对很重

20、要It is essential that(should)do 做是完全必要的。It is essential for sb.to do 对某人来说做是完全必要的。单句语法填空Sun and water are essential _ the growth of crops.It is essential for us _(set)our goal realistically.It is essential that you _(learn)Chinese history.完成句子你有必要早点回家。_ you should come home early.丰富多样的文化生活对这对夫妇而言是至关

21、重要的。A rich and varied cultural life _ this couple.toto set(should)learnIt is essential thatis essential for牛刀小试Para3 As an alternative,some farmers have switched to organic farming,and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.Organic farming is simply farming wi

22、thout using any chemicals.Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means.For example,many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser.This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals.It also keeps the air,soil,water,and crops free of

23、 chemicals.1.alternative可供选择的事物可供选择的事物have no alternative but to do 除了做某事除了做某事-别无选择别无选择2.switch to/turn to 转向，转变转向，转变3.grocery 食品杂货店，（食品杂货店，（pl食品杂货）食品杂货）4.keep-free of/from 使使-免受免受-伤害（或影响等）伤害（或影响等）5.through natural means 通过天然的方法通过天然的方法alternative n.a thing that you can choose to do or have out of tw

24、o or more possibilities 可供选择的事物adj that can be used instead of sth else 可供替代的I had no money,so I had no alternative but to stay at home.You have the alternative of speaking or keeping quiet.All the alternative routes are given to car drivers by computers.归纳总结 have no alternative but to do sth.have n

25、o choice but to do sth.别无选择只能做某事 have the alternative of拥有的选择权单句语法填空The police had no alternative but _(set)the man free without enough evidence.完成句子The criminal _(除别无选择)to tell the truth of his crime.句型转换I had no choice but to report him to the police.I _ report him to the police.to sethad no alter

26、native buthad no alternative but to牛刀小试Para4 Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil.They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.For instance,they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year,and then grow beans there the next.Why different crops are grow

27、n is because they put important minerals back into the ground,making it ready for the next batch of crops.Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that used different depths of soil to help keep it rich.For example,peanuts grow on the grounds surface,but many other vegetables put down deep roots.The

28、 goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to peoples health.1.for instance/for example 例如，比如例如，比如2.making it ready for the next batch of crops现在分词作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语。3.depth n 向下（或向里）的距离；深度向下（或向里）的距离；深度4.put down roots 生根；定居生根；定居5.T

29、he goal-is to do 目的是做某事目的是做某事1.for instance(for example)例如；比如There are a number of improvements;for instance,both mouse buttons can now be used.在许多地方有了改进，例如，鼠标的左右键都可以使用了。She has mastered several foreign languages,for instance,French.她精通几种语言，例如法语。知识总结such as，that is，for example(1)such as意为“例如，诸如之类的”，

30、用来列举同类的人或事物中的几个。放在被列举的人或事物之前。A lot of things can be recycled,such as waste paper,waste plastic bags,and old batteries.很多东西都可以回收，比如废纸、废塑料袋和旧电池。(2)that is或namely意为“即，也就是”，用于把同类的人或事物全部列举出来。放在被列举的人或事物之前。I have three friends,namely,Tom,Jack and Mike.我有三个朋友，即汤姆、杰克和迈克。(3)for example意为“例如，比如”，用于列举同类的人或事物中的一

31、个或几个，作插入语，且常用逗号将它与句子其他部分隔开，可位于句首、句中和句末。Most boys in the class like physics.Tom,for example,shows a special interest in it.班上的大部分男孩儿都喜欢物理。比如汤姆就对物理特别感兴趣。单句语法填空We made many improvements to our house,_ instance,we painted the walls.完成句子Let your child make some of the small decisions concerning his daily

32、 routine._(例如),allow him to choose what clothes he wears at the weekend.forFor instance牛刀小试2.Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground,making it ready for the next batch of crops.为什么要种植不同的作物，是因为他们把重要的矿物质放回地里，让它为下一批作物做好准备。这是一个主从复合句。Why different crops a

33、re grown是why引导的主语从句；is是系动词；because they put important minerals back into the ground在句中作表语，是表语从句。句子分析句子分析本句中making it 为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示前面的情况所造成的结果，相当于which makes it ready，making的逻辑主语为前面的整个句子；现在分词作结果状语，相当于一个并列谓语或which引导的非限制性定语从句，这种结果是句中谓语动词表示的动作带来的。动词不定式也可作结果状语，但它通常表示一种“偶然的，出人意料的”结果，有时为了强调这种意外的结果，可在不定式前

34、面加only，译为“(结果)却；只(只是)”。I hurried to his house,only to find him out.我急急忙忙赶到他家，结果却发现他不在家。Many people moved to New York,making it the largest city in the USA很多人去了纽约，使之成为美国最大的城市。His parents died early,leaving him an orphan(and left him an orphan).他的父母早亡，使他成了孤儿。The child slipped and fell,hitting his head

35、 against the door(and hit his head against the door).那孩子滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。完成句子He hurried to the booking office _ _(结果被告知所有的票都卖完了).He fell off the bike,_(头撞到了一块大石头上).More highways have been built in China,_(使更容易)for people to travel from one place to another.only to be told that all the tickets have been s

36、old out hitting his head against a big stonemaking it much easier牛刀小试3.depth n.向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)The oil well extended several hundreds of feet in depth.油井向下延伸了数百英尺。I havent looked at the report in depth yet.我还没有细看这份报告。The submarine lies at a depth of 6,000 feet in the Barents Sea.这艘潜艇位于巴伦支海下6 000英尺深处。

37、(1)in depth全面，深入，详细at a depth of 在的深处(2)deep adj.深的adv.在深处，至深处，深深地be deep in thought陷入深思deep into the night直到深夜deeply adv.很，非常；强烈地，深刻地deepen vi.&vt.加深，(使)变深vt.增长(知识)，加深(理解)归纳总结(2)与“deepdepthdeepen”变形相似的词还有：adj.highwidelongstrongbroadn.heightwidthlengthstrengthbreadthv.heightenwidenlengthenstrengthen

38、broaden 单句语法填空If you come to visit China,you will experience a culture of amazing _(deep)and variety.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to _(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.(2021北京四中期末)Ranging from 84 cm to more than 150 cm in _(long),lo

39、ngboards look like other skateboards.The reunion dinner helps _(deep)family ties while the exchange of gifts and greetings enhances relations between friends.depthstrengthenlengthdeepen牛刀小试完成句子这个话题将在下学期深入讨论。This subject will be covered _ next term.2012年6月27日，“蛟龙”号潜入到太平洋7 062米的深度。On June 27,2012,the

40、Jiaolong reached _ 7,062 meters in the Pacific Ocean.in deptha depth ofPara5 Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely.What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.Organic farming is nowh

41、ere near able to meet that need.Therefore,there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.1.entirely全部地；完整地；完全地全部地；完整地；完全地2.What keeps them from doing so 主语从句，主语从句，that-引导的是引导的是fact的同位

42、语的同位语从句，说明从句，说明fact的内容。的内容。3.serve vt 对对-有用，能满足有用，能满足-需要需要serve/meet/satisfy the demand(s)for 满足对满足对-需要需要serve the interests of 符合符合-的利益的利益4.nowhere near 远没有；远不及远没有；远不及 3课文译文自二十世纪中叶以来，化学农药和人工肥料便广泛应用于耕作。自二十世纪中叶以来，化学农药和人工肥料便广泛应用于耕作。引入之初，二者被许多农民视为抵制作物病害、增加产量的好引入之初，二者被许多农民视为抵制作物病害、增加产量的好方法，因面颇受欢迎。然而，随着时

43、间的推移，一些科学家发方法，因面颇受欢迎。然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会危害土地和人类健康。现，长期使用它们有时会危害土地和人类健康。Para1 Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century.When they were first introduced,many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop dis

44、ease and increase production.Over time,however,what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and peoples health.例如，农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破例如，农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。此外，这些化学品会长期我留于土壤和地下水源中。这会影响土里种植坏土地。此外，这些化学品会长期我留于土壤和地下水源中。这会影响土里种植的

45、作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。很多人担心这些化学品会致病，甚至引的作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。很多人担心这些化学品会致病，甚至引发癌症。事实上，由于对人类和环境有害，发癌症。事实上，由于对人类和环境有害，“滴滴涕滴滴涕”等农药在大多数国家已被等农药在大多数国家已被禁用。至于化学肥料，用其施肥的作物通常生长过快而营养不足。此类作物外表禁用。至于化学肥料，用其施肥的作物通常生长过快而营养不足。此类作物外表靓丽，而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质，并且往往口感较差。靓丽，而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质，并且往往口感较差。Para2 For example,pesticides can da

46、mage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects,but also helpful ones.In addition,these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time.This affects the crops grown on the land and,in turn,the animals and humans who digest them.Many people worry that these

47、 chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.In fact,some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment.As for chemical fertilisers,crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.They may look beau

48、tiful on the outside,but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals,and they often have less flavour as well.作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。有机耕作就费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。有机耕作就是不使用任何化学品的耕作。有机耕作的农民注重通过天然的是不使用任何化学品的耕作。有机耕作的农民注重通过天然的方法保持土壤肥沃，没有病害

49、。例如，许多有机耕作的农民使方法保持土壤肥沃，没有病害。例如，许多有机耕作的农民使用天然的牲畜粪便作为肥料，使农田土壤富含矿物质，也避免用天然的牲畜粪便作为肥料，使农田土壤富含矿物质，也避免化学品进入空气、土壤、水源和作物。化学品进入空气、土壤、水源和作物。Para3 As an alternative,some farmers have switched to organic farming,and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.Organic farming is

50、 simply farming without using any chemicals.Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means.For example,many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser.This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals.It also keeps the air,soil,water