第六章IP地址与TCPIP协议课件.ppt

1、第六章 IP地址和TCP/IP协议问题的提出：1、用户的网络属性中各项如何配置（有路由、无路由）2、各项配置的意义（IP地址、网关、DNS）一、什么是协议一、什么是协议协议是规则，是网络的语言协议是规则，是网络的语言二、协议的功能二、协议的功能协议的功能：分割、寻址、封装、排序、信息流控制、同步、干路协议的功能：分割、寻址、封装、排序、信息流控制、同步、干路传输、连接控制传输、连接控制传输控制协议传输控制协议TCP：负责流量控制，并保证传输的正确性负责流量控制，并保证传输的正确性网际协议网际协议IP：将数据从一处传到另一处将数据从一处传到另一处第一节协议的基本概念第一节协议的基本概念介绍tcp

2、/ipHostInternetTCP/IPHosttcp/ip的分层应用层应用层传输层传输层网络层网络层网络接口层网络接口层协议只有四层，使用协议只有四层，使用Sniffer抓个数据包来抓个数据包来说明协议的封装，比如访问说明协议的封装，比如访问可以查看可以查看DNS的解析等细节的解析等细节TCP 端口号SourcePortDest.PortHost A102823SPDPHost ZTelnet Z目的目的=23.Telnet 应用程序应用程序.Send SYN(seq=100 ctl=SYN)SYN receivedHost AHost BTCP 三次握手确立连接1Send SYN(seq

3、=100 ctl=SYN)SYN receivedSend SYN,ACK(seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack)Host AHost BSYN received12TCP 三次握手确立连接Send SYN(seq=100 ctl=SYN)SYN receivedSend SYN,ACK(seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack)Established(seq=101 ack=301 ctl=ack)Host AHost B123SYN receivedTCP 三次握手确立连接TCP 简单知识Window size=1 Sender ReceiverTCP 简单

4、知识Window size=1 Sender ReceiverSend 1Receive 1TCP 简单知识Window size=1 Sender ReceiverSend 1Receive 1Receive ACK 2 Send ACK 2TCP 简单知识Window size=1 Sender ReceiverSend 1Receive 1Receive ACK 2 Send ACK 2Send 2Receive 2TCP 简单知识Window size=1 Sender ReceiverSend 1Receive 1Receive ACK 2 Send ACK 2Send 2Recei

5、ve 2Receive ACK 3Send ACK 3TCP 简单知识Window size=1 Sender ReceiverSend 1Receive 1Receive ACK 2 Send ACK 2Send 2Receive 2Receive ACK 3Send ACK 3Send 3Receive 3 Window size=1 Sender ReceiverSend 1Receive 1Receive ACK 2 Send ACK 2Send 2Receive 2Receive ACK 3Send ACK 3Send 3Receive 3Receive ACK 4Send ACK

6、4TCP 简单知识TCP 序列和确认SourcePortDest.PortSequence#Acknowledgement#Source Dest.Seq.Ack.102823101I justsent#10.TCP 序列和确认I just got#10,now I need#11.SourcePortDest.PortSequence#Acknowledgement#102823Source Dest.Seq.1Ack.102823Source Dest.Seq.1Ack.I justsent#10.TCP 序列和确认SourcePortDest.PortSequence#Acknowled

7、gement#102823Source Dest.Seq.2Ack.102823Source Dest.Seq.1Ack.102823Source Dest.Seq.1Ack.I just got#10,now I need#11.I justsent#11.TCP 序列和确认SourcePortDest.PortSequence#Acknowledgement#102823Source Dest.Seq.2Ack.102823Source Dest.Seq.1Ack.102823Source Dest.Seq.1Ack.102823Source Dest.Seq.2Ack.I just go

8、t#11,now I need#12.I justsent#11.TCP 窗口SenderReceiverTCP 窗口Window size=3Send 2SenderReceiverWindow size=3Send 1Window size=3Send 3Window size=3Send 2TCP 窗口SenderWindow size=3Send 1Window size=3Send 3ACK 3Window size=2Packet 3 isDroppedReceiverWindow size=3Send 2TCP 窗口SenderWindow size=3Send 1Window

9、size=3Send 3ACK 3Window size=2Packet 3 isDroppedWindow size=3Send 4Window size=3Send 3ReceiverWindow size=3Send 2TCP 窗口SenderWindow size=3Send 1Window size=3Send 3ACK 3Window size=2Packet 3 isDroppedWindow size=3Send 4Window size=3Send 3ACK 5Window size=2Receiver地址解析协议172.16.3.1172.16.3.2IP:172.16.3

10、.2=?我需要我需要176.16.3.2的的MAC地址地址地址解析协议172.16.3.1172.16.3.2IP:172.16.3.2=?我听到广播我听到广播这个信息是发给我的这个信息是发给我的告诉我的告诉我的MAC地址地址我需要我需要176.16.3.2的的MAC地址地址3.2.地址解析协议172.16.3.1IP:172.16.3.2 Ethernet:0800.0020.1111 172.16.3.2IP:172.16.3.2=?我听到广播我听到广播这个信息是发给我的这个信息是发给我的告诉我的告诉我的MAC地址地址我需要我需要176.16.3.2的的MAC地址地址地址解析协议 Map

11、IP MAC172.16.3.1IP:172.16.3.2 MAC:0800.0020.1111 172.16.3.2IP:172.16.3.2=?我听到广播我听到广播这个信息是发给我的这个信息是发给我的告诉我的告诉我的MAC地址地址我需要我需要176.16.3.2的的MAC地址地址ARP地址解析协议，根据地址解析协议，根据IP地地址解析出址解析出MAC地址地址反向 ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111 IP=?What is my IP address?反向 ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111 IP=?What is my IP address?I hear

12、d that broadcast.Your IP address is 172.16.3.25.反向 ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111IP:172.16.3.25Ethernet:0800.0020.1111 IP=?What is my IP address?I heard that broadcast.Your IP address is 172.16.3.25.反向 ARP Map Ethernet IPEthernet:0800.0020.1111IP:172.16.3.25Ethernet:0800.0020.1111 IP=?What is my IP addr

13、ess?I heard that broadcast.Your IP address is 172.16.3.25.介绍 TCP/IP 地址172.18.0.2172.18.0.1172.17.0.2172.17.0.1172.16.0.2172.16.0.1SADAHDRDATA10.13.0.0192.168.1.010.13.0.1192.168.1.1IP 地址 255255 255 255DottedDecimalMaximumNetworkHost32 bitsIP 地址 255255 255 255DottedDecimalMaximumNetworkHost1286432168

14、421 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111Binary32 bits18 916 1724 2532128643216842112864321684211286432168421IP 地址 255255 255 255DottedDecimalMaximumNetworkHost1286432168421 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100Binary32 bits 172 16 122 204ExampleDecimalExampleBinary18

15、 916 1724 2532128643216842112864321684211286432168421 Class A:Class B:Class C:Class D:多播 Class E:研究IP 地址类NetworkHostHostHostNetwork NetworkHostHostNetwork Network NetworkHost8 bits8 bits8 bits8 bitsIP 地址分类1Class A:Bits:0NNNNNNNHostHostHost8 916 1724 2532Range(1-126)1Class B:Bits:10NNNNNNNetworkHostH

16、ost8 916 1724 2532Range(128-191)1Class C:Bits:110NNNNNNetworkNetworkHost8 916 17242532Range(192-223)1Class D:Bits:1110MMMMMulticast Group Multicast Group Multicast Group8 916 17242532Range(224-239)主机地址172.16.2.1172.16.3.10172.16.12.1210.1.1.110.250.8.1110.180.30.118E1172.161212网络号网络号主机号主机号.网络号网络号接口接

17、口172.16.0.010.0.0.0E0E1路由表路由表172.16.2.110.6.24.2E0 11111111决定可利用的主机地址 172 16 0 0 10101100 00010000 00000000 0000000016151413121110 987654321NetworkHost 00000000 00000001 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111110.00000000 00000011 11111101123655346553565536-.265534N2N-2=216-2=65534IP 地址练习AddressClassNetwor

18、kHost10.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10IP 地址练习答案AddressClassNetworkHost10.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10ABCCBNonexistent10.0.0.0128.63.0.0201.222.5.0192.6.141.0130.113.0.00.2.1.10.0.2.1000.0.0.640.0.0.20.0.64.16 网络号 172.16.0.01

19、72.16.0.0没有子网的地址172.16.0.1 172.16.0.2 172.16.0.3.172.16.255.253 172.16.255.254 网络号 172.16.0.0有子网的地址172.16.1.0172.16.2.0172.16.3.0172.16.4.0子网地址172.16.2.200172.16.2.2172.16.2.160172.16.2.1172.16.3.5172.16.3.100172.16.3.150172.16.3.1E0E1172.162160网络号网络号主机主机.NetworkInterface172.16.2.0172.16.3.0E0E1New

20、Routing Table子网号子网号子网掩码1721600255255002552552550IP地址地址默认默认掩码掩码8位位子网子网掩码掩码NetworkHostNetworkHostNetworkSubnetHost也可写成也可写成“/16”代表在子网中有代表在子网中有16个个1也可写成也可写成“/24”代表在子网中有代表在子网中有24个个1 11111111 111111110000000000000000十进制对应的二进制10000000=12811000000=19211100000=22411110000=24011111000=24811111100=25211111110=

21、25411111111=255128 643216842116NetworkHost172001010110011111111101011000001000011111111000100000000000000000000101000000000000000000000 默认情况下是没有使用子网00000010没有子网的网络172.16.2.160 255.255.0.0网络号网络号 网络号扩展了8位有子网的网络16NetworkHost172.16.2.160 255.255.255.017220101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000

22、111111110000001010100000000000000000000000000010Subnet网络号网络号128192224240248252254255有子网的网络网络网络主机主机172.16.2.160 255.255.255.192101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010子网子网 网络号扩展到10位161722128网络号网络号128192224240248252254255128192224240248252254255子

23、网练习地址地址子网掩码子网掩码类类子网号子网号172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.240.0255.255.255.0子网练习答案地址地址子网掩码子网掩码类类子网号子网号172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.240.0255.255.255.0BAA172.16.2.010.6.16.010.30.36.0地址摘要例子16172216010101100000100001010000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFir

24、st172.16.2.160255.255.255.19241地址摘要例子1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.19212161722160地址摘要例子1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192

25、1237161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921234161722160地址摘要例子10101100111111110001000011111111111111111010000011000000100000000000001010111111HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255

26、.255.192123456161722160地址摘要例子1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000010000000000000101011111110000001HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192123456161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010101111111000000110111110HostMas

27、kSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921234567161722160地址摘要例子10101100111111111010110000010000111111110001000011111111000000101010000011000000100000000000001010101100000100000000001010111111101011000001000000000010 1000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst1

28、72.16.2.160255.255.255.19212345678161722160地址摘要例子10101100111111111010110000010000111111110001000011111111000000101010000011000000100000000000001010101100000100000000001010111111101011000001000000000010 1000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.19

29、2172.16.2.128172.16.2.191172.16.2.129172.16.2.190123456789161722160IP Host Address:172.16.2.121Subnet Mask:255.255.255.0网络地址=172.16.2.0主机地址=172.16.2.1172.16.2.254（除去网络地址和广播）广播地址=172.16.2.2558位子网相当于C类NetworkSubnetHost10101100000100000000001011111111172.16.2.121:255.255.255.0:1010110011111111Subnet:10

30、10110000010000000100001111111100000010000000101111111101111001 0000000000000000B类有子网的例子Broadcast:NetworkSubnet PlanningOther subnets192.168.5.16192.168.5.32192.168.5.4820 subnets5 hosts per subnetClass C address:192.168.5.011111000主机地址主机地址:192.168.5.121子网掩码子网掩码:255.255.255.248NetworkSubnet Host192.1

31、68.5.121:1100000011111111Subnet:1100000010101000101010001111111100000101000001011111111101111001 01111000255.255.255.248:C类有子网的例子Subnet Address=192.168.5.120Host Addresses=192.168.5.121192.168.5.126Broadcast Address=192.168.5.127Five Bits of SubnettingBroadcast:NetworkNetwork110000001010100000000101

32、01111111广播地址练习AddressClassSubnetBroadcast201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248Subnet Mask15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128广播地址练习答案153.50.6.127AddressClassSubnetBroadcast201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248C201.222.10.63201.222.10.56Subnet Mask15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0

33、A15.16.199.25515.16.192.0128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252B128.16.32.15128.16.32.12153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128B153.50.6.0IP地址有一些重要的特点IP地址有一些是一种非等级的地址结构。这就是说，和电话号码的结构不一样，IP地址不能反映任何有关主机位置的地理信息 IP地址有一些重要的特点当一个主机同时连接到两个网络上时（作路由器用的主机即为这种情况），该主机就必须同时具有两个相应的IP地址，其网络号码net-id是不同的，这种主机成为多地址主机（multihomed host）按照Int

34、ernet的观点，用转发器或网桥连接起来的若干个局域网仍为一个网络，因此这些局域网都具有同样的网络号码net-id.IP地址有一些重要的特点子网的划分纯属本单位内部的事，在本单位以外是看不见这样的划分 部分路由协议如RIP v1只支持固定掩码的划分，即它只识别A、B、C类地址 地址转换 私有地址是指内部网络(局域网内部)的主机地址，而公有地址是局域网的外部地址（在因特网上的全球唯一的IP地址）。10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255 地址转换的方式有两种，PROXY方式和NAT方式（代理一章详解）1、应用层网关问题 2、内部提供对外服务问题 3、NAT性能问题 应用软件Flashget 的安装及使用Cuteftp 的安装及使用Foxmail 的安装及使用Vmware 的安装及使用QQ：查对方IP，名字靠前等安排上机事宜及实验内容 谢谢大家！