87考研英语翻译技巧3课件.ppt

1、12一二请在这里输入您的主要叙述内容整体概述三请在这里输入您的主要叙述内容请在这里输入您的主要叙述内容3主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将5个划线部分（约150词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。英语二翻译为15分。要求考生阅读理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。“考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力”。4翻译部分由一篇400字左右的文章组成，其中划出5个句子，要求考生在30分钟内译完。2002年题型更改之前，每句3分，一共15分，现在每句2分，一共10分。5分值：共10分，每题2分评分标准：如

2、果句子译文明显扭曲原文意义，该句得分最多不超过0.5分。如果提供两个或两个以上的译法，若均正确，给分；如果其中一个译法有错，按错误译法给分 中文错别字不可别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分，无0.25扣分。6考研翻译是四种题型中综合性最强的一种，不但要求考生具备基本的词汇量，有长难句分析能力和一定的语法基础；更要求考生的综合语言组织能力，使翻译出来的文章具有一定的可读性。也就是说，考研翻译不仅考的是英语技能，还包括一定的中文水平。加上本身又是主观题，拿分的难度自然很高。然而，考研翻译本身有着很强的规律性，不论是单词、语法还是语言的组织，都是在特定的范围内考察，

3、并且可以通过一定的技巧解决。即使在考前最后一个月，仍然可以最大限度地达到突击效果。7概况英译汉短文内容大体上涉及当前人们普遍关注的社会生活、政治、经济、历史一般常识或社会、自然科学与技术常识的题材。题材多为议论文。科学常识的题1991 1991 能源与农业444444词1992 1992 能力评估的科学性4064061993 1993 科学研究的方法44344319941994天才技术与科学发展的关系30830819951995标准化教育与心理评估36436419951995科学发展的动力331331819971997动物的权力19981998宇宙的起源19991999史学研究的方法32632

4、620002000科学家与政府38138120012001计算机与未来发展的困难33933920032003人类学的简介37137120042004语言与思维35735720052005大众传媒2006 2006 美国的知识分子20072007法律与新2008 2008 达尔文自传20092009正规教育20102010生态环保平均370370字 要求翻译的160160字9一、主观性试题 二、长难句 三、时间10其实不用通读全文句词句11一、结构分析 二、句子切分 三、词义推敲 四、检查核对写出来的句子要像中文12 一、单词 考研翻译的单词考察深度和广度要比其他题型高，特别是20062006年

5、以后，在从句、长难句分析等宏观考点的难度、复杂性下降的情况下，微观考点，特别是单词的考察难度在上升。因此，考生在准备考研翻译时，要特别留心考研翻译的单词记忆，在复习单词的过程中注意以下几点。13 1 1、将近1010年(2005-2015(2005-2015年)考研翻译题中出现过的单词反复记忆、复习。考研翻译的单词是有相当高的重复出现率的。在当年的新题中，多数单词都是历年真题中已经出现过的单词或者其派生形式。比如0303年第6464题中考到的moralsmorals这一名词，在0606年的考题中再次出现，并且在考察的五道题中有四道题里都出现(46(46、4848、4949、50)50)，14考

6、研翻译的单词，表面上看，相当于阅读来说，明显简单一些。然而，这些常见的、看到直接能反应出它们意思的单词，考察的却不是它的本意。考研翻译中存在许多熟词僻意，这些词义必须准确无误地翻译出来，否则一个单词就要扣掉0.50.5分。而每道题2 2分，一个意群也只不过是0.50.5分，这样因为一个单词毁掉一个意群，非常不值。15比如whilewhile这个最简单的连接词，从0606年开始，一直到0909年，连续四年的考研翻译中，都出现了这个词。多数考生在看到这个词的时候，误将其翻译为“在时候”或者“与此同时”，也就是时间状语从句的连接词。然而这几年连续考察的却是whilewhile做让步状语从句连接词的用

7、法，也就是翻译成“尽管”或者“虽然”。所以，考生在考前，应当把熟词僻义复习一下。熟词僻义本身量是有限的，一般各种单词书上都有专门的总结，最多也就七八十个。这些词不但翻译中能起到立竿见影的效果，在阅读中也属于经常考察的词汇。16第一种，词认识，有多义，要选择 根据语境选择第二种，词认识，意思不对 根据已知意义推测第三种，词不认识。填词造句（根据中文搭配）17uThere were several different accounts of the story in the newspaper.u报纸上对此事有几种不同的报道。uShe has a balance of five thousand

8、dollars in her bank account.u她的银行()中有5000美元的余额。u 18uTerrorists were responsible for the bomb explosion.u恐怖分子是这次爆炸事件的罪魁祸首。uThe population explosion in India caused famine and poverty.u.印度人口激增导致了饥荒和贫困u 19 考研翻译题型，从本质上说，首先是阅读，其次是翻译。阅读是一个被动技能，只要理解文章即可；翻译是一个主动技能，既要理解，又要表达。所以，做考研翻译时，既要进行长难句分析，又要按照中文的正常表达顺序

9、，以合理的语言表达出来。对于考研翻译长难句的复习，考生应当注意以下几点：20 第一，将近1010年的翻译真题反复分析。考研翻译考察的侧重点，经历过两次变化。0202年以前，3 3分一道题，这时的翻译是从句和短语并重；02-0502-05间，两分一道题，以从句为重点；0606年及以后，仍然是两分一道，但是短语考察明显增多。所以，表面上看从句难度很高，0606年以后考的并不是特别复杂，而短语的难度介词短语、插入语、双ofof短语在增多。而这几年题的综合难度，以0606年最高。21第二，注意做翻译一定要坚持两点，即打草稿和“写”。在头脑中形成的翻译不是翻译，落到纸上，仍然不一定是通顺的句子，所以，每

10、次在做翻译时，一定要坚持把语言写出来，这样才能提高语言组织能力。22 考研翻译的“长难句”，从特点来看，可以分成两大类。第一大类是从句分析型。这是历年考研翻译中必考的题型，也是一大主流题。分析从句比较多的长难句，要找到句子的切分点，切分点主要有两种，一个是直接看到的，即连接词thatthat、whichwhich、whowho、whenwhen等等；另外一个是潜在的，即各种动词形式，包括doingdoing、to do(to do(单独使用的)、donedone等等。23概括起来就是一点，以动词作为意群的切分点，把每个句子划分成若干个包括一个主要动词的意群，然后分别翻译每个意群，再把这几个意群

11、在最后用中文合适的结构连接在一起。24 Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.25 Pearson has pieced together the work o

12、f hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.26 Pearson hasPearson has pieced together pieced together the work of the work of hundreds of resea

13、rchers around the world hundreds of researchers around the world to to produceproduce a unique millennium technology a unique millennium technology calendar calendar that that givesgives the latest dates the latest dates when we can when we can expectexpect hundreds of key hundreds of key breakthrou

14、ghs and discoveries to take place.breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.第一个是皮尔森将世界上数百名研究者的工作汇集到一起。第二个是“为了/以便制作一个独特的千年技术日历”第三个是“显示最新/最近日期.第四个是“我们可以期待上百种关键性突破和发现产生。”27 Pearson hasPearson has pieced together pieced together the work of the work of hundreds of researchers around the world hundreds

15、 of researchers around the world to to produceproduce a unique millennium technology a unique millennium technology calendar calendar that that givesgives the latest dates the latest dates when when we can we can expectexpect hundreds of key breakthroughs and hundreds of key breakthroughs and discov

16、eries to take place.discoveries to take place.皮尔森将世界上数百名研究者的工作汇集到一起，以便制作一个独特的显示最新日期的千年技术日历，在这些日期里，我们可以期待上百种关键性突破和发现产生 28 所谓的介词堆砌型，就是一个长难句，仔细去看，基本上没有从句或者说只有一个从句的连接词，但是整个句子中介词短语的出现率极高，一个句子中有连续或者间断的五到六个介词短语。这样，分析结构是一难，组织语言又是一难。29这种题型在0606年以前考察较少，而0606年以后则开始露头，基本上每年至少一道。特别是20062006年的考研翻译中，第4646和第4747题都是

17、典型的介词堆砌型。介词堆砌型，绝对不是仅仅的将一堆介词短语放到一个长难句中，让我们一个一个去分析、整合。在考研翻译中，这种题的考察难点主要表现在以下两方面：介词叠加和介词错位。30介词叠加，就是在长难句中，会发现两个介词连续出现，第一个介词后面没有直接出现应跟的名词，而是出现了第二个介词。这时，考生本能的第一反应是，试卷是不是印刷有错误。31His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the

18、course of reasoning which led him to his decision.他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展现自己做出决定的推理过程。32介词错位，就是应该跟前面动词搭配的介词短语被放到了后面，而后面的成分提到了前面33I shall define him as an individual who has I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in elected as his primary duty and

19、 pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底)way about moral problems.)way about moral problems.34对于这种新出现的题型，考生会发现，虽然已经掌握了长难句的分析法拆分与组合，但是仍然无法解决这里的微观问题。因此在拆分组合的前提下，要使用新的方法，即介词定位法。所谓介词定位法，是找出句子当中的一系列介词短语，用括号分别圈起来，然后翻译括号以外的部分，即大致的主干，接着将括号中的短语一个一个

20、分别添加到中文的合适位置中去。而介词短语的定位很简单，就是定在它前面出现的名词上。35 I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底)way about moral problems.36 I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life

21、the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底)way about moral problems.37 I shall define him as an individual|who has elected(as his primary duty and pleasure)(in life)the activity(of thinking)(in Socratic(苏格拉底)way)()(about moral problems).38 I shall define him as an individual I shall define him as an

22、individual|who who has elected has elected(asas his primary duty and his primary duty and pleasurepleasure)()(inin life life)the activity the activity(ofof thinkingthinking)()(inin Socratic(Socratic(苏格拉底)way)way)()(aboutabout moral problemsmoral problems).).他将活动视为 他将活动视为他的主要职责和乐趣 他将活动视为他生活中的主要职责和乐趣

23、他将思考活动视为他的主要职责和乐趣 他将以苏格拉底的方式思考的活动视为他的主要职责和乐趣他将以苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题的活动视为他的主要职责和乐趣 39 I shall define him as an individual I shall define him as an individual|who has who has elected elected(asas his primary duty and pleasure his primary duty and pleasure)()(inin lifelife)the activity the activity(ofof think

24、ing thinking)()(inin Socratic(Socratic(苏格拉底)way)way)()(aboutabout moral problems.moral problems.我应当将他定义为一种人，这种人将以苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题的活动视为他的主要职责和乐趣 40 His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which le

25、d him to his decision.41 His function is analogous to that of a judge,|who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning|which led him to his decision.42His function is analogous to that of a judge,His function is analogous to that of a judge,|who

26、 must accept the obligation who must accept the obligation(of of revealingrevealing)()(inin a manner a manner)()(asas obvious as possible obvious as possible)the course the course(of of reasoningreasoning)|which led him to which led him to his decision.his decision.他必须接受职责 他必须接受揭示的职责 他必须接受揭示过程的职责 他必

27、须接受以一种方式揭示过程的职责 他必须接受以一种尽可能明显的方式揭示过程的职责 他必须接受以一种尽可能明显的方式揭示推理过程的职责”43His function is analogous to that of a judge,His function is analogous to that of a judge,|who must accept the obligation who must accept the obligation(of of revealingrevealing)()(inin a manner a manner)()(asas obvious as obvious a

28、s possiblepossible)the course the course(of of reasoningreasoning)|which which led him to his decision.led him to his decision.他(知识分子)的作用类似于法官的作用，法官必须接受以一种尽可能明显的方式揭示推理过程的职责，这个推理过程使他做出决定 44这两种题型的出现也不是绝对的，有时会糅合在一起。概括起来，我们可以把划竖线和画括号的方法结合使用。划竖线，用于断开句子中的主要的几个大的意群，即宏观分析；画括号，用于断开意群中的每个修饰成分，其中介词短语是主流，即微观分析。

29、两者并用.45一、英语重结构，汉语重语意Children will play with dolls equipped with Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,computers with in-built personality chips,computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,re

30、laxation will be in rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smell television,and the digital front of smell television,and the digital age will have arrived.(2001,72)age will have arrived.(2001,72)46ChildrenChildren will will play with dolls equipped with play with dolls equipped with perso

31、nality chips,personality chips,|computers with in-computers with in-built personalities built personalities willwill be regarded as be regarded as workmates rather than tools,workmates rather than tools,|relaxation relaxation will bewill be in front of smell television,in front of smell television,|

32、and and the digital age the digital age will have arrived.will have arrived.儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，到那时数字化时代就来到了。47好好学习，天天向上你不知道，谁知道？Good good study,day day up.Good good study,day day up.You dont know,who knows?You dont know,who knows?Work hard and make progress everyd

33、ay.Work hard and make progress everyday.If you dont know,who knows?If you dont know,who knows?48Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.(1999,72)49In

34、terest Interest in historical methods in historical methods has arisenhas arisen less less throughthrough external challengeexternal challenge (to the validityto the validity)(of history of history)()(as an intellectual disciplineas an intellectual discipline)and and more frommore from internal quar

35、relsinternal quarrels(among among historians themselveshistorians themselves).(1999,72).(1999,72)人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。50In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors.of all sizes and colors

36、.门口放着至少1212把五颜六色大小不一的雨伞。门口放着一堆伞，少说有1212把，五颜六色，大小不一。51On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence,but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared,and only if he was not punished by lack

37、 of relevant information which they possessed.(2002,75)52On the whole On the whole such a conclusion can be drawnsuch a conclusion can be drawn with with a certain degree of confidence,a certain degree of confidence,|but only ifbut only if the child can be assumed to have had the same the child can

38、be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared,he is being compared,|and only ifand only if he was not he was not punished by lack of relevant information punished by lack of relevant information|

39、which they possessed.(1992,75)which they possessed.(1992,75)53On the whole On the whole such a conclusion can be drawnsuch a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence,with a certain degree of confidence,|but but only ifonly if the child can be assumed the child can be assumed|(to h

40、ave to have had the same attitudehad the same attitude)()(towards the testtowards the test)()(as as the otherthe other)|(with whom he is being comparedwith whom he is being compared),|and only ifand only if he was not punished by lack of he was not punished by lack of relevant information relevant i

41、nformation|which they which they possessed.(1992,75)possessed.(1992,75)假定这个孩子假定这个孩子有相同的态度假定这个孩子对测试有相同的态度假定这个孩子和另外一个孩子一样对测试有相同的态度假定这个孩子和与他相比较的另外一个孩子一样对测试有相同的态度54On the whole On the whole such a conclusion can be drawnsuch a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence,with a certain de

42、gree of confidence,|but but only ifonly if the child can be assumed to have had the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared,with whom he is being compared,|and only ifand only if h

43、e was not punished by lack of relevant he was not punished by lack of relevant information information|which they possessed.(1992,75)which they possessed.(1992,75)总的来说，得出这样一个结论是由一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：一是能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比的另一个孩子的态度相同；二是他并没有因缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。55Can you answer a question which I want to

44、Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me?ask and which is puzzling me?你能回答一个使我弄不懂而又想问你的问题吗？我有一个问题弄不懂，想请教你，你能回答我吗？56There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.(2001,21)57There will be Ther

45、e will be television chat showstelevision chat shows hosted by hosted by robots,androbots,and cars cars with pollution monitors with pollution monitors thatthat will disable will disable themthem when when they they offend.(2001,21)offend.(2001,21)将会出现由机器人主持的电视访谈节目及装有污染监测器的汽车，一旦这些汽车污染超标，监测器就会使汽车停驶。5

46、8They are the possessions of the autonomous They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory,and(self-governing)man of traditional theory,and they are essential to practices in which a they are essential to practices in which a person is responsible for his conduct

47、 and given person is responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.(2002,64)credit for his achievements.(2002,64)59They They are the possessions of the autonomous are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory,(self-governing)man of traditional the

48、ory,|and and theythey are essential to practices are essential to practices|in which in which a person is responsible for his conduct and a person is responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.(2002,64)given credit for his achievements.(2002,64)他们是传统理论中的自治者的所拥有的东西。他们对实践是必不可少的一

49、个人对他的行为负责，他的成绩受到表扬。60They They are the possessions of the autonomous are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory,(self-governing)man of traditional theory,|and and theythey are essential to practices are essential to practices|in in which a person is responsible fo

50、r his conduct which a person is responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.(2002,and given credit for his achievements.(2002,64)64)自由和尊严是传统理论当中自治者（自我约束者）拥有的最宝贵的东西，一个人必须对其行为负责，他的成绩必须得到赞扬，在这些实践中，自由和尊严是必不可少的。根据上下文它应该指前面提到的freedom and freedom and indignity,indignity,在翻译的时候如果译成“它们”