1、英语词性的分类及用法词性的分类 treedogwindow表示_、_以及_名字的词。一、名词人事物抽象概念1.Frank is a boy.2.My sister is a pupil.3.Look at these birds.He is seven.She is beautiful.I like the blue one.名词的概念名词复数的规则变化名词复数的规则变化 其它名词复数的规则变化其它名词复数的规则变化 1)以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:a.加加s,如:photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos;b.加加es,如:potatopo
2、tatoes tomatotomatoes2)以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:a.加加s,如:belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs;b.去去f,fe 加加-ves,如:half-halvesknife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves;名词复数的不规则变化 1)通过内部元音变换:child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women 2)单复同形如:deer,
3、sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。news
4、 是不可数名词。名词的格名词的格flowerflowers找规律找规律watchesfactory-factoriesleaf-leavesboxes找规律找规律tomatoespotatoesheroes不规则变化不规则变化child-childrenwoman-womendeersheepman-mengoose-geese 1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_.Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here?No
5、t very farIts about twenty walk.(2000杭州)杭州)Aminutes Bminutes Cminutes 3.There are three in my family.(2019长春)长春)A.people B.person C.child 4.Most students can go to college for further in our city.A.education B.information C.science 5.This is bedroom.The twin sister like it very much.A.Ann and Jane B
6、.Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes C C A A B根据所给单词的正确形式填空:根据所给单词的正确形式填空:1.Different people may have different _.(idea)2.I often go to work on.(foot)3.I know one of the .(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of .(glass)5.Please give them their .(photo)6.Are there any in the box?(watch)7.There are twelve in
7、a year.(month)8.Would you like some?(tomato)9.Look at those in the boats!(people)10.Look!The are singing.(woman)11.September 10th is Day.(teacher)12.Jim has some .(knife)13.How much are these?(vegetable)14.My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute)15.The girl under the tree is a friend of_.(Lucy)
8、ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknivesvegetablesminutesLucys十大词性二、代词1.概念:代词是代替_的词。2.英文表达:noun3.英文缩写:pron.pro名词代词请用n.pron.标注出下列单词的词性grandpa it she skirt teacher he pen kite this book we that brotheryou school I chair sun 一、一、人称代词人称代词是表示是表示“我我”、“你你”、“他他”、“她她”、“它它”、“我们
9、我们”、“你们你们”、“他们他们”的词。人称代词有的词。人称代词有人人称、数和格的变化称、数和格的变化 Eg.He is my friend.Its me.They are from China.She lent me a book.I love it.Are you interested in them?二、二、物主代词物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分词所有格。物主代词分二种,其人物和数的变化二种,其人物和数的变化见下表见下表,Eg.I like his car.Our school is here and theirs is ther
10、e.This is your picture.And that is mine.三、三、指示代词指示代词表示表示那个那个、这个这个、这些这些、那些那些等指示概念的代词。等指示概念的代词。Eg.That is a good idea.I love those book in blue.These people are my friends.四、四、自身代词,也称为自身代词,也称为反身代词反身代词表示表示我自己我自己、你自己你自己、他自己他自己、我们自己我们自己、你们自己你们自己和和他们自己他们自己等的代词。等的代词。反身代词的用法五、表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有each other 和one
11、 another两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么区别。eg.I want something hot.Do you need some coffee?There is nothing good.All of you are students.七、疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)八、关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引导定语从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的
12、那个名词或代词(通称为先行词)。1.He shouted louder to the runners,but he still couldnt make _ heard.A.him B.himself C.them D.themselves 2.There are flowers and trees on _ sides of the river.A.every B.both C.either D.all 3.She has three good friends.One is a doctor;_ are teachers of Chinese.A.another B.the other tw
13、o C.other D.others 4.Before handing in your compositions,please correct the mistakes in each line if_.A.so B.no C.any D.some Exercises B B B C 1._(我)am a worker._(你)are a doctor._(她)is a teacher.2.This is_(他的)shirt.3.This is _(我的)pen.4._(他们的)trousers are there.5.I like this picture.Please give _(它)t
14、o_(我).6.People get _(他们的)money from_(我).7._(他们)are new students._(他们的)names are Lucy and Lily.8.These are _(我们的)shoes.Can _(我们)wear _(它们).9Thank _ for _(你的)help.10._(他)loves _(她),and _(她)loves _(他),too.11._(我)love _(你),and _(你)love _(我),too.IYou my his She Theirtheirme itThey Their me our me them we
15、 He your you you you her I him she十大词性三、形容词1.概念:形容词是修饰和形容_和_的词。2.英文表达:adjective3.英文缩写:adj.名词代词 clever girl clean one good boy beautiful room long nose happy face purple grape fine day blue cat找出短语中的n.pron.adj.形容词形容词 用来表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词称为形形容词容词。注意:1.有些形容词只能作表语,如:alone,afraid,asleep 等。例如:The old man i
16、s alone.2.形容词用来修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词,要 放在这些词的后面。Youd better tell us something interesting.形容词在句子中的位置位置作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词前。a big yellow wooden wheel.作表语时放在连系动词之后。The price sounds reasonable.作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。We must try our best to keep our environment clean.后置的情况:修饰复合不定代词时放
17、在代词之后。Something serious has happened to him.与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。Hes 1.8 metres tall.注意:一.以-ly结尾的形容词 1)friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.二.用形容词表示类别和整体
18、 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry 三.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)-出处-材料性质,类别-名词 a small round table;a tall gray building;a dirty old brown shirt;a famous German medical school四.副词1.概念:用来修饰_、_、_以及_的词。2.英文表达:adv.adverb动词形容词其他副词全句3.英文缩
19、写:副词 一、副词的位置副词的位置 在许多情况下,副词都放在所修饰的动词后面或句末。The girl dances very well.2.有时也放在主语后面,谓语动词前面(对动作加以强调)。He angrily closed the door.3.句中的副词如碰上助动词,be动词,则通常放在助动词,be动词之后,实义动词之前 We have already read the book.二.副词的分类 2、地点副词地点副词:here,there,everywhere,anywhere,in,out,inside,outside,above,below,down,back,forward,hom
20、e,upstairs,downstairs,across,along,round,around,near,off,past,up,away,on.3、方式副词方式副词:carefully,properly,anxiously,suddenly,normally,fast,well,calmly,politely,proudly,softly,warmly 4、程度副词,放在被修饰词之前程度副词,放在被修饰词之前:much,little,very,rather,so,too,still,quite,perfectly,enough,extremely,entirely,almost,slight
21、ly.5、疑问副词:疑问副词:how,when,where,why.6、关系副词:关系副词:when,where,why.7、连接副词连接副词:how,when,where,why,whether.三、副词的排列顺序注意:注意:1 副词副词very 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。改错:(错)I very like English.(对)I like English very much.注意:2副词副词enough放形容词后,形容词放形容词后,形容词enough放在放在名词前后都可。名词前后都可。I dont know him well enough.There
22、 is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.十大词性五、动词1.概念:表示_和_的词。2.英文表达:verb3.英文缩写:v.动作状态jump 跳run 跑I am a teacher.She is a student.You are a boy.动作amisare状态Find verb in the following phrase.ride a bike fly a kite make a cake color the dog clean the road follow the n
23、urse 动词的分类动词的分类 1 根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为行为动词(实义动词)、系动词、助动词和和情态动词四类,有些动词是兼类四类,有些动词是兼类词词。如:系动词系动词作为系动词,有些不具词义;有些具有词义,作为系动词,有些不具词义;有些具有词义,但但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,构成系,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。1)只有be一词2)keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,助动词最常用的助动词有:be,have,do,shall,will,should,would 情
24、态动词有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。实义动词实义动词意思完全,能独立用作谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词(及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词;不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词)Think,play,drive等动词有五种形态十大词性六.数词1.概念:表示_和_的词。2.英文表达:numeral3.英文缩写:num.数量多少先后顺序数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。)基数词基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复
25、数:a.与与of 短语连用,表示概数,短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连不能与具体数目连 用,如用,如 hundreds of people 指许多人;指许多人;b.在一些表示在一些表示一排一排或或一组一组的词组里的词组里;如:如:They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两他们三三两两的到达了。的到达了。c.表示表示几十岁几十岁;d.表示表示年代年代,用,用 in+the+数词复数;数词复数;e.在乘法运算的一种表示法里在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:如:3 x 5=15 Three fives is(are)fifteen.数词的用法 十大词性七.介词1.概
26、念:表示_、_、_之间关系的词。2.英文表达:preposition3.英文缩写:prep.人与人事物与事物人与事物Emma is beside Cassie.besideI am in the room.人与人The pen is on the table.事物与事物人与事物onin介词分类 1.表示地点位置的介词 at,in,on,to,above,over,below,under,in front of,in the front of,beside,behind 2.表示时间的介词in,on,at,after,from,since,时间名词前介词用法口诀时间名词前介词用法口诀 年前周前要
27、用in,具体日子要用on,遇到几号也用on,上午下午得是in,要说某日上下午 用on换in记清楚,午夜黄昏用at,黎明用它也不错,at用在时分前,说“差”可要用上to,说过要用past LOREM IPSUM DOLOR十大词性八.连词1.概念:连词是连接_、_、_的词2.英文表达:conjunction3.英文缩写:conj.单词与单词短语与短语句子与句子 blue and red stand up and sit down I like apples,but my mother likes bananas.andandbut短语与短语单词与单词句子与句子 英语词性解析英语词性解析-连词连词
28、 连词不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与连词不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如:连接平行的词、词组和分句。如:and,but,or,nor,so,therefore,yet,however,for,hence,as well as,bothand,not onlybut also,eitheror,neithernor,(and)then等等。等等。冠冠词是谁的帽子呢?十大词性九.冠词1.概念:冠词是
29、_的帽子。2.英文表达:article3.英文缩写:art.名词a bookan orangethe moon冠词是名词的帽子。冠词有三大类a an theLOREM IPSUM DOLORLOREM IPSUM DOLORLOREM IPSUM DOLOR.不定冠词的用法:用于第一次提到的、不确定的人或物(可数名词)之前 There is _ outside the door.门外有一条狗。Do you see _ in red T-shirt?你有看到一个穿红体恤衫的男子吗?用于价格或时间等名词的前面,是“每”的意思 4 Yuan _ kilo 每公斤4元 once _ week 一周一次
30、 表示职业、身份 _ lawyer一个律师 _ doctor 一个医生 用于数字、量词之前 _ 一百 _ lot 许多 _ couple 一对 用于一些固定词组中 have _ _休息 make _ living谋生 _ great deal 很多 定冠词的用法 A.定冠词的一般用法 用于第二次谈到的人或物 She has a bag._ bag is yellow.她有一个包,这个包是黄色的。用于双方共知的人或物 I dont like _ coat.我不喜欢这件大衣。“the+n单数.”可以表示一类人或物 _ _ 大熊猫 _ _ 司机 B.定冠词的特殊用法LOREM IPSUM DOLOR零冠词 Australia 澳大利亚 _ 三月 _ Day 儿童节 名词前已有修饰词的时候,不用冠词 this _ 今天早上 my _ 我的书 your _ 你的孩子 在表示三餐、球类、棋类和游戏等名词前,一般不用冠词 play _ 打篮球 play _ 打牌 play _ 玩游戏 have _ 吃晚饭 在物质名词和抽象名词前,一般不用冠词 We love _.我们爱和平。Smoking is bad for _.吸烟有害健康。十大词性十、感叹词1.概念:表示_情感情绪的词。2.英文表达:interjection3.英文缩写:int.喜怒哀乐
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