2020广东中考专项新突破第一章语法知识专项复习专题十被动语态课件.pptx

1、 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。当句的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式用主动语子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式用主动语态；态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式用被动语态。被动语态的基本结构式用被动语态。被动语态的基本结构是是“be+动词动词的过去分词的过去分词”。中考考点解读中考考点解读 考点考点广东省卷近广东省卷近5年中考统计情况年中考统计情况2015 2016 2017 2018 20191.一般现在时一般

2、现在时2.一般过去时一般过去时3.一般将来时一般将来时4.含有情态动词含有情态动词中考考点解读中考考点解读（1）被动语态的用法：）被动语态的用法：当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或由于某种原因不当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或由于某种原因不必提到动作的执行者时，要用被动语态，但在译文里，必提到动作的执行者时，要用被动语态，但在译文里，有时要用主动语态才符合汉语的表达习惯。例如：有时要用主动语态才符合汉语的表达习惯。例如：Football is played all over the world.世界各地都在踢足球。世界各地都在踢足球。中考考点解读中考考点解读（1）被动语态的用法：）被动语态的用法：当

3、我们要强调动作的承受者而不是动作的执行者时，当我们要强调动作的承受者而不是动作的执行者时，要用被动语态。例如：要用被动语态。例如：The Great Wall was built long ago.长城长城是很久以前建成的。是很久以前建成的。English is spoken as the first language by most people in the USA.在美国，大多数人都把英语作为第一门语言。在美国，大多数人都把英语作为第一门语言。中考考点解读中考考点解读（2）由主动语态变为被动语态的方法：）由主动语态变为被动语态的方法：主动句里的宾语变为被动句里的主语。主动句里的宾语变为被

4、动句里的主语。主动语态的谓语动词变为被动语态的谓语形式，即主动语态的谓语动词变为被动语态的谓语形式，即“be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词”。要注意。要注意be动词既保持主动动词既保持主动句的时态，又要与被动句的主语在人称和数上保持一句的时态，又要与被动句的主语在人称和数上保持一致致。中考考点解读中考考点解读（2）由主动语态变为被动语态的方法：）由主动语态变为被动语态的方法：主动句里的主语变为含有介词主动句里的主语变为含有介词by的宾语，再把整个介的宾语，再把整个介词短语放在谓语动词之后，有时该短语可以省略。词短语放在谓语动词之后，有时该短语可以省略。例如例如：Youmust waterthe

5、 flowers.The flowersmust be wateredby you.时态时态结构结构例子例子一般现在时一般现在时 am/is/are+doneThe desks are made in China.（肯定句）（肯定句）The desks arent made in China.（否定句，在（否定句，在am/is/are后加后加not）Are the desks made in China?（一般疑问句，把（一般疑问句，把am/is/are提至句首）提至句首）时态时态结构结构例子例子一般过去时一般过去时 was/were+doneThe building was built te

6、n years ago.（肯定句）（肯定句）The building wasnt built ten years ago.（否定句，（否定句，在在was/were后加后加not）Was the building built ten years ago?（一般疑问句，（一般疑问句，把把was/were提至句首）提至句首）时态时态结构结构例子例子一般一般将来将来时时will+be+doneA new school library will be built next year.（肯定句）（肯定句）A new school library wont be built next year.（否定句，在

7、（否定句，在will后加后加not）Will a new school library be built next year?（一般疑问句，把（一般疑问句，把will提提至句首）至句首）时态时态结构结构例子例子一般一般将来将来时时am/is/are going to+be+doneA new school library is going to be built next year.（肯定句）（肯定句）A new school library isnt going to be built next year.（否定句，在（否定句，在am/is/are后加后加not）Is a new schoo

8、l library going to be built next year?（一般疑问句，把（一般疑问句，把am/is/are提至句首）提至句首）时态时态结构结构例子例子含有含有情态情态动词动词情态动词情态动词+be+doneStudents should be allowed to use mobile phones at school.（肯定句）（肯定句）Students shouldnt be allowed to use mobile phones at school.（否定句，（否定句，在情态动词后加在情态动词后加not）Should students be allowed to u

9、se mobile phones at school?（一般疑问（一般疑问句，把情态动词提至句首）句，把情态动词提至句首）1 1含有含有“使役使役”动词的被动语态动词的被动语态在主动句中，感官动词（在主动句中，感官动词（see,hear,watch,notice等）以等）以及使役动词（及使役动词（let,make,have等）后跟省略等）后跟省略to的不定式，的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上变为被动句时，应加上to，即，即sb.be made(seen,heard,watched,noticed)to do sth.。He made me do the work.他让我做这项工作。（主动，他让我

10、做这项工作。（主动，do前没有前没有to）I was made to do the work.我被派去做这项工作。我被派去做这项工作。（被动，（被动，do前加上不定式符号前加上不定式符号to）1 1含有含有“使役使役”动词的被动语态动词的被动语态类似：类似：Tom saw Lucy water the flowers last night.Lucy was seen to water the flowers last night.They heard him sing songs in the room last night.He was heard to sing songs in the

11、room last night.注：究竟有没有注：究竟有没有to，其实有个窍门：使役动词或感官动，其实有个窍门：使役动词或感官动词前有词前有be，则有，则有to；没；没be，则没，则没to。2 2双宾句的被动语态双宾句的被动语态My mother gives Lily a pen.Lily is given a pen by my mother.A pen is given to Lily by my mother.间接间接宾语宾语 直接直接宾语宾语3 3感官动词（感官动词（look,smell,taste,feel,look,smell,taste,feel,soundsound等）用主动结

12、构表示被动。等）用主动结构表示被动。如：如：The flower smells nice.The cake tastes delicious.The watch looks beautiful.4 4不及物不及物动词及部分短语（动词及部分短语（happen,cost,happen,cost,take place,break outtake place,break out等）没有被动等）没有被动语态。语态。如：如：Great changes were taken place in China.()Great changes took place in China.()()1.(2019广东广东)

13、It is said that one Greater Bay Area university _ in Guangdong in the future.A.will be built B.build C.will build D.is built()2.(2018广东广东)Many shops in China _ to shut down as a new law against ivory(象牙象牙)trade came into effect on January lst,2018.A.ordered B.didnt order C.were ordered D.werent orde

14、redCA()3.(2017广东广东)The waiter told me that free parking _ for the hotel guests.A.provides B.provided C.will be provided D.was provided()4.(2016广东广东)He Jiang _ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.A.invites B.invited C.is invited D.was invitedDD()5.(2015广东广东)Ha

15、ve you heard of the song Little Apple?Yes.It _ every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs.A.is played B.plays C.was played D.playedA()6.(2014广东广东)Although Flight MH370 has been missing for months,I do believe it _ some day in the future.A.will find B.wont find C.will be found D.wont

16、 be found()7.(2013广东广东)It _ last week that the haze(雾霾雾霾)in Beijing caused many problems.A.reports B.reported C.is reported D.was reportedCD()8.(2012广东广东)Hot water _ in the students flats from 5 p.m.to 7 p.m.now.A.supplies B.is supplied C.supplied D.was supplied()9.(2011广东广东)People who drink wine _

17、to drive after May Day.A.dont allow B.isnt allowed C.mustnt allow D.mustnt be allowedBD()10.(2010广东广东)The 16th Asian Games _ in Guangzhou in November,2010.A.holds B.will hold C.was holding D.will be held()11.(2009广东广东)The new library building _ last week.A.was completed B.is completed C.completed D.

18、has completedDA广东近广东近5年中考短文填空中被动语态考查了年中考短文填空中被动语态考查了1次，次，考查的是一般过去时的被动语态。考查的是一般过去时的被动语态。根据主语和谓语之间的关系判断。根据主语和谓语之间的关系判断。（2018广东省卷广东省卷73题）题）Once,Will and his brother Harry 73 given a job to rebuild a broken brick(砖砖)wall in the yard.The wall was fifty feet wide and around sixteen feet high.根据主语和谓语之间的关系判

19、断根据主语和谓语之间的关系判断。主语主语Will and his brother Harry表复数，是谓语动词表复数，是谓语动词give的承受者，用被动语态，由下文的承受者，用被动语态，由下文was可知，时态是可知，时态是一般一般过去时，助动词也用一般过去时过去时，助动词也用一般过去时(were)。Charlie taken to the Army Reserve Center(陆军预备役中心陆军预备役中心),where he really dreamed to go.Harry said to Charlie,“Today you will become a member of our te

20、am.”（东莞东城一中一（东莞东城一中一模）模）was()1.His flight _ because there was something wrong with the plane.So he had to take the high-speed train from Shenzhen to Xiamen.(2019汕头潮南模拟汕头潮南模拟)A.was cancelled B.cancelled C.is cancelled D.cancelsA()2.This is a book about the Terracotta Army(兵兵马俑马俑).It _ by a British sc

21、holar(学者学者)named Edward Burman.(2019粤西地区一模粤西地区一模)A.wrote B.will write C.was written D.will be writtenC()3.Chinese dance drama“Confucius”_ at Lincoln Center in New York,the United States on January 5,2017.(2019阳江江城一模阳江江城一模)A.will perform B.performed C.will be performed D.was performedD()4.Its reporte

22、d that 31 of the brave young men _ in a big forest fire in Sichuan.I dont know who they are,but I know who they are for.(2019湖北宜昌湖北宜昌)A.were killing B.were killed C.killed D.had killedB()5.Gina went to the doctors yesterday and she _ about the importance of good living habits once more.(2019江西江西)A.t

23、old B.is told C.was told D.has toldC()6.What a mess!The sharing bikes _ everywhere.Lets collect and put them in the right place.(2019汕头澄海模拟汕头澄海模拟)A.throw B.threw C.are thrown D.were thrownC()7.When eating in a restaurant in countries like the US and Canada,you _ to give a tip to a waiter or waitress

24、,which is about 10 to 15 percent of your bill.(2019佛山南海二模改编佛山南海二模改编)A.are expected B.were expected C.will expect D.expectA()8.How much do you know about the“two sessions”?I know it _ every year and it is a great chance for Chinese people to make decisions regarding the country.(2019南海狮山一模南海狮山一模)A.is

25、 held B.will be held C.holds D.heldA()9.Im tired of cleaning the house.Sweeping robots _ more and more widely today.Why not buy one?(2019湖北孝感湖北孝感)A.are used B.were used C.are using D.usedA()10.Zongzi _ to students for free in our school dining hall tonight.Really?That sounds cool!(2019江门二中二模江门二中二模)A

26、.offer B.have offered C.are offered D.will be offeredD()11.The 2022 Winter Olympics _ in Beijing&Zhangjiakou.Chinese people have done lots of things for it,and Im sure it will be a great event in the world.(2019中山一模中山一模)A.should be held B.are held C.were held D.will be heldD()12.My book _ here in tw

27、o days through the EMS.(2019肇庆四中一模肇庆四中一模)A.are sent B.is sent C.will be sent D.will send()13.The village except the building of the bridge _ before the rainy season comes.(2019安徽安徽)A.is completed B.was completed C.will be completed D.has been completedCC()14.Mobile phones should _ off during the mee

28、ting.(2019揭阳揭西一模揭阳揭西一模)A.are kept B.be keep C.be kept D.were keep()15.Tom is always careless with his schoolwork.Could you help him?No problem!I think he _ to think twice before starting.(2019四川自贡改编四川自贡改编)A.should be told B.shouldnt be told C.should tell D.should be tellingCA1.D7.C2.B3.B4.C5.D8.A9.B6.B10.A