1、语音的重要性:语音的重要性:英语学习的最终目的是交际,而交际是通过英语学习的最终目的是交际,而交际是通过口语来进行的,语音在此过程中起着至关重要的口语来进行的,语音在此过程中起着至关重要的作用,所以语音是语言的基础。只有学好发音,作用,所以语音是语言的基础。只有学好发音,才能加强对语言的感受,最有效地掌握语法和词才能加强对语言的感受,最有效地掌握语法和词汇,提高实际使用的能力。汇,提高实际使用的能力。英语国际音标简介英语国际音标简介 音素是语音的最小单位,一个音素就是一个音音素是语音的最小单位,一个音素就是一个音。48音素音素 元音元音 辅音辅音 音标是用于标记读音的符号,也就是音素的书音标是
2、用于标记读音的符号,也就是音素的书面符号。英语音标的作用相当于汉语的拼音。面符号。英语音标的作用相当于汉语的拼音。国际音标是国际语音协会制定的一套语音符号国际音标是国际语音协会制定的一套语音符号。音标在标注字母或单词的读音时,音标外要用音标在标注字母或单词的读音时,音标外要用 两条斜线两条斜线括起来,以免与单词或字母混淆。括起来,以免与单词或字母混淆。元音是指发音时气流通过口腔或鼻腔时,不元音是指发音时气流通过口腔或鼻腔时,不受任何阻碍,同时声带振动。英语中的元音受任何阻碍,同时声带振动。英语中的元音共有共有20个。个。辅音是指发音时,气流从肺部压出来后,通辅音是指发音时,气流从肺部压出来后,
3、通过口腔或鼻腔时受到各发音器官的阻碍,如过口腔或鼻腔时受到各发音器官的阻碍,如受到唇、齿、舌、咽喉等的阻碍而形成的音受到唇、齿、舌、咽喉等的阻碍而形成的音。英语中的辅音音素按发音时声带是否振动。英语中的辅音音素按发音时声带是否振动可以分为可以分为11个清辅音和个清辅音和17个浊辅音。个浊辅音。清辅音发音时声带不振动,浊辅音发音时声清辅音发音时声带不振动,浊辅音发音时声带振动。带振动。单元音:单元音:“单元音单元音435,前中后分得清;长音,前中后分得清;长音:短音无短音无”中元音中元音 /:/后元音后元音/:/:/u:/i:/发音要领:发音要领:1、舌尖抵下齿,前舌尽量抬高。、舌尖抵下齿,前舌
4、尽量抬高。2、嘴唇向两旁伸开,成扁平、嘴唇向两旁伸开,成扁平。we he she teacher speak please feel tree meet needpiece 1.Please have a seat.Seeing is believing.2.I like coffee,I like tea,I like you to play with me.Lets read:Lets read:/发音要领:发音要领:1.舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,比舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,比/i:/要低。要低。2.嘴型扁平,牙床开得比嘴型扁平,牙床开得比/i:/宽。宽。3.可从可从/i:/出发,下颚稍稍下垂
5、,舌前部也随之稍稍出发,下颚稍稍下垂,舌前部也随之稍稍下降。下降。sit picture list mix fix pig big miss minutemany twenty happySit in your seat and listen carefully./e/发音要领发音要领1、舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,比、舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,比/i:/要低。要低。2、唇形中长,牙床开得比、唇形中长,牙床开得比/i:/宽,上下齿间可容纳一个食指。宽,上下齿间可容纳一个食指。bed egg best next better lesson pencil penany manyBreakfast is
6、ready.Lets get together again soon.Well,lets get everything ready!Lets read:Lets read:/发音要领:发音要领:1、舌尖抵下齿;舌前部稍抬高,舌位比、舌尖抵下齿;舌前部稍抬高,舌位比/e/更低;更低;2、双唇平伸,成扁平形。张开牙床直至上下齿之间容、双唇平伸,成扁平形。张开牙床直至上下齿之间容纳食指和中指的宽度。纳食指和中指的宽度。map hat fat bad mad back man hand thankIm a cat,cat,catIn a cap,cap,cap.The fat cat sat on t
7、he black mat.Tongue twister:Tongue twister:A big black bug bit a big black bear.Homework1.Copy the vowels and the consonants.2.Learn the tongue twister by heart.中元音:中元音:/:/中元音发音要领:中元音发音要领:1、舌尖抵住下齿,但不如发前元音时抵得那样紧。、舌尖抵住下齿,但不如发前元音时抵得那样紧。2、舌面最高点在舌前部和舌后部之间。、舌面最高点在舌前部和舌后部之间。3、不圆唇。、不圆唇。/发音要领:发音要领:1、舌身平放,舌中部
8、略隆起。、舌身平放,舌中部略隆起。2、牙床半开半合,唇形扁或中圆。、牙床半开半合,唇形扁或中圆。teacher remember player speaker farmer doctor actordelicious dangerous dollar together tomorrow today Washington polite ago elephant banana Japan China happen /:/发音要领:发音要领:1、舌身平放,舌中部稍抬起。、舌身平放,舌中部稍抬起。2、牙床开得较狭窄,双唇和发、牙床开得较狭窄,双唇和发/i:/时相似。时相似。3、注意长度,不要发得太短、
9、注意长度,不要发得太短。girl shirt skirt bird turn burn nurse turtle hurt learn earn heardterm her work worm world/发音要领:发音要领:1、舌后部的靠前部分稍抬起,舌尖和舌端两侧触下齿,开口、舌后部的靠前部分稍抬起,舌尖和舌端两侧触下齿,开口程度和程度和/相似。双唇向两旁平伸。相似。双唇向两旁平伸。2、从元音、从元音/出发,将圆唇改为扁唇,即可发出此音。出发,将圆唇改为扁唇,即可发出此音。up supper lunch fun cup buscome mother dose brother love ab
10、ove trouble blood Enough is enough!Just shut up.Whats up?Nothing much.Hurry up!I love China.China and America should always work together.I have to work early tomorrow.Words are not for hurting other people.后元音后元音 /:/:/U:/后元音发音要领:后元音发音要领:a.舌尖离开下齿,舌身后缩,舌后部向软腭抬起。舌尖离开下齿,舌身后缩,舌后部向软腭抬起。除除/:/用开扁唇外,其他双唇收圆。
11、用开扁唇外,其他双唇收圆。b.发发/:/:/U:/时要注意长度,不要发得太短。时要注意长度,不要发得太短。/:/发音要领:发音要领:1、舌尖离开下齿;口张大,舌身压低并后缩。、舌尖离开下齿;口张大,舌身压低并后缩。2、双唇呈扁型。、双唇呈扁型。arm art hard fast last class fatherBark bark barkThe dog is barking after the car./发音要领:发音要领:1、舌尖离开下齿;口张大,舌身压低并后缩。、舌尖离开下齿;口张大,舌身压低并后缩。2、双唇稍稍收圆。、双唇稍稍收圆。3、可先发、可先发/:/音,然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩,双
12、音,然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩,双 唇稍稍唇稍稍收圆(不要突出),即可发出收圆(不要突出),即可发出/。o:hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss dollar a:want wash watch au:because Bob Bob Bob is an orange dog./:/发音要领:发音要领:1、舌尖离开下齿;舌后部抬得比、舌尖离开下齿;舌后部抬得比/略高。压低并后缩。略高。压低并后缩。2、双唇也收得更圆更小,并需用力向前突出。、双唇也收得更圆更小,并需用力向前突出。3、注意长度不要发得太短。、注意长度不要发得太短。al:small wall talk tal
13、l hall ball call walk or:short more horse for forty sport story door floor caught daughter au:autumn August bought warm“w+ar”,ar发发 :warm war toward/:/发音要领:发音要领:1、舌尖离开下齿;舌后部向软腭抬起,舌身后缩。、舌尖离开下齿;舌后部向软腭抬起,舌身后缩。2、双唇收圆,稍向前突出。、双唇收圆,稍向前突出。oo:look good foot book wood ou:should could u:put pushO:woman /u:/发音要领
14、:发音要领:1、双唇比、双唇比/收得更圆更小,向前突出,舌后部比收得更圆更小,向前突出,舌后部比/抬得抬得 更高。更高。2、注意长度,不要发得太短,口腔肌肉要始终保持紧张状态。、注意长度,不要发得太短,口腔肌肉要始终保持紧张状态。o:do shoe who oo:food too moon noon u:true blue双元音 双元音双元音双元音是作为一个音节、用一次呼气发出来双元音是作为一个音节、用一次呼气发出来的两个元音的连缀。这个连缀是以滑溜音的的两个元音的连缀。这个连缀是以滑溜音的形式读出来的,即舌从第一个元音的位置向形式读出来的,即舌从第一个元音的位置向第二个元音方向以最直接的途径
15、滑过去而成第二个元音方向以最直接的途径滑过去而成为一个音。双元音的两个成分中只有第一个为一个音。双元音的两个成分中只有第一个读得比较重、长和清晰,第二个则要读得比读得比较重、长和清晰,第二个则要读得比较轻、短和含糊。较轻、短和含糊。常发这个元音的字母是“a”,此外,还有字母组合“ai”、“ea”、“eigh”、“aigh”、“ay”、“ey”等.发音要领:1.口形由/e/向/滑动。2.发音过程中下颚向上合拢,舌位也随之稍稍抬高。name lake game snake place say play lay eight e 发音要领:1.先发/a/音,然后滑向/i/音。舌尖抵住下齿。2.发此音的
16、关键是要把/a/音发足,注意从开到合的滑动。常发这个音的字母是常发这个音的字母是“i”和和“y”,字母组合,字母组合则有:则有:“ey”、“ie”、“ui”、“uy”、“igh”、“eigh”等等 high buy 发音要领:1.这是个双元音,由两个元音构成,第一个是/和 短音/i/.2.发音时由第一个音向第二个音滑动,不到第二个音就结束。常发这个音的是字母组合:常发这个音的是字母组合:“oi”和和“oy”。boy toy destroy noise oil spoil point发音要领:1.由两个元音构成,第一个音是“短音”/,第二个音是“短乌音”/u/。2.发音时,先打开下颔骨,嘴唇略微
17、呈圆形,口形较大,舌端离下齿,舌身放低后缩,舌后部微抬起,然后随着发音过程的变化口形收圆缩小,舌后部继续向后缩并抬起。常发这个音的有字母“o”、字母组合“oa”、“ou”、“ow”、“ew”以及“ough”等 no go home those hello zero goat boat bow e a 发音要领:是双唇张开,从/i/音滑向/音。前面的/i/发得较清楚,后面的/或较弱。双唇始终半开。此音一定要发足。舌抵下齿逐渐过渡为上卷,从“一”音过渡到“厄”。eer:beer deer ear:ear dear near ere:here ea:idea 发音要领:由/e/向/滑动,舌身稍向后
18、缩,口型由半开变为扁平。ear:pear bear air:chair air fair hair pair are:care hare ere:there where cheera ou:house out south cloud house proud loud mouse round about mouth ow flower down now cow how town oor:poor ure:sure sure pure 1.hate 憎恨憎恨2.mat草席草席8.hope希望希望7.hop单足跳单足跳6.suck 吸吸5.hike远足远足9.kit用具包用具包4.slit撕开撕开3
19、.mate伙伴伙伴e e a There is a little bee.Coming from the apple tree.Flying in the flowers.And cant see me.The brown cow is out now.Bark.Bark.Bark.The dog is barking after the car.辅音28个清辅音清辅音/p/p/t/t/k/k/f/f/s/s/t/tsts/tr/tr/浊辅音浊辅音/b/b/d/d/g/g/v/v/z/z/d/dzdz/dr/dr/其他辅音其他辅音/h/h/r/r/m/m/n/n/l/l/w/w/j/j/辅音3
20、.摩擦音摩擦音f If you buy fish,make sure its fresh.v Victor is very clever.Thank you for your table cloth.Those are far and these are near.s Sandy has a new swimming suit.z What size of shoes does Daisy wear?sure,she,social,nation Wash the fish,please.pleasure,television George measured the garage with pl
21、easure.h have hot,who whole hate house Helen holds her hands.r read,write,wrong Are you ready to read?t He teaches children how to play chess.d John likes to tell jokes.tr Therere lots of trucks in the street.dr He likes strong drinks.ts The students are wearing white shirts.dz Take away your dirty
22、hands.2.鼻音鼻音 m May I have some milk,mum?n Nora knows the new comer.Lingling is listening to the song.Compare n n ng/nk inink sin-sing thin-thing thanthank son-song 5)舌边音舌边音:l land,world 如果在后面如果在后面 读读 little,middle,castle,puzzle What a beautiful bicycle!6)半元音半元音:w wall,what,answer The homework every
23、week is very hard.j yes yellow year Yes,your yellow skirt is wet.两清辅音一起时,后一个清辅音变两清辅音一起时,后一个清辅音变成浊辅音,或叫浊化成浊辅音,或叫浊化sp sb st sd sk sg speak spit spy study star start sky school screen成音节成音节m,n,l 英语辅音字母中有英语辅音字母中有 3 个辅音个辅音m,n,l是是响音,它们和辅音音素结合,也可构成音节,响音,它们和辅音音素结合,也可构成音节,也叫成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾也叫成音节。它们构成的音节往往出
24、现在词尾,一般是非重读音节。如:,一般是非重读音节。如:apple pl,table teibl,middle midl,little litl,garden ga:dn,lesson lesn,physical fisikl,realism ri:lizm 等等等等。/ki:/si:/bi:/zi:/ti:/di:/fi:t/fe/le/ke/te/de/pe/ben/di/ki/ti/wi/ni/mi/rid/s/k/h/b/ns/f/d/b/hs/小试身手/l/pp/sk/rk/p/k/h/z/f/rt/la:/fa:/da:/ka:/ma:/ta:p/lu:/ku:/hu:/fu:/s
25、u:/pu:/put/fut/ful/kt/hg/bs/初级挑战/si/bi/kin/hp/ps/hau/au/saun/hi/pi/ri/p/k/h/u/t u/kei/sei/beis/fai/gai/rais/hen/lei/kau/rt/pi:s/bnd/中级挑战/mi:l/l/ni/kt/ti:n/dz/jes/we/dl/main/snk/tr/di/t:/swi:p/fl:/draiv/end/praiz/sni:z/glf/lv/waild/twin/nut/mt/高级挑战/bdi/bt/lets/t:ki/su:p/lki/laiv/pailt/v/ri:d/leidi/in
26、vait/s:vis/si:zs/dain/din/plenti/laiv/qwli/flau/ks/biznis/gilti/mri/invent/音标共有音标共有4848个个,其中元音其中元音2020个个,辅音辅音2828个个.单词按音节来划分单词按音节来划分,分为单音节词分为单音节词,双音节词双音节词和多音节词和多音节词.单音节词中单音节词中,常常分为重读开音常常分为重读开音节和重读闭音节节和重读闭音节.单音节词单音节词drink hi hat hand pick rule by gate back bad ice pop bit joke jazz ride he size 区分以下单
27、词是开音节词还是闭音节词区分以下单词是开音节词还是闭音节词:1.1.结尾的三个字母结尾的三个字母,是是一个一个元音字母元音字母+一个辅音字母一个辅音字母+一一个不发音的个不发音的e e构成构成.2.2.直接以直接以元音字母元音字母结尾结尾重读开音节重读开音节重读闭音节重读闭音节heavy like culture favorite palace person short captain popular curly hobby yesterday application 区分一下单词是单音节词区分一下单词是单音节词,双音节词还是多双音节词还是多音节词音节词.Kate name grade age
28、 cake face game Ann map bag thank am and apple元音字母元音字母 Aa 在单词中的发音在单词中的发音开音节开音节:闭音节:闭音节:eihe she me tree jeep bee seeegg pen desk pencil yes ten bed 元音字母元音字母 Ee 在单词中的发音在单词中的发音 e 闭音节:闭音节:i:开音节:开音节:元音字母元音字母 Ii 在单词中的发音在单词中的发音开音节开音节:I hi bike fine nice like kite闭音节闭音节:in it is six sit this Missai i 元音字母元
29、音字母 o 在单词中的发音在单词中的发音开音节开音节:no go home those hello zero闭音节闭音节:not box clock wrong dog on?u元音字母元音字母 Uu 在单词中的发音在单词中的发音开音节开音节闭音节闭音节 u:ju:ruler Lucy rule duty use huge excuse studentbus cup must much mug cut us numbergradelakemakesnackplanmatchnecksendrestbeeffreezeGreece e ei i:ai i u:ju:u?slicemikekite
30、tillilllipagowholenosestoplotmopfoxpottopyuckduckbugmuchjunktruckdustdutypupilflutemutefusetunepp pen picture jeep map t t ten two boat meetbb bike bus book box dd desk down bird goodkk cake Kate thank clock g g good girl egg bags s sit see yes class z z is his these zero辅音字母:辅音字母:/si:/gi:s/ki:p/bi:
31、t/sez/ges/kept/bed/si:k/pi:p/mi:t/di:d/seik/peid/meit/deiz/et/sed/beg/pek/t/sd/bg/pk/Read the following:cat bag gate pot so bikebee desk in kite no begdust not bus egg duty写出下列单词的音标:写出下列单词的音标:根据音标写单词根据音标写单词/hum/b?ks/si:/hil/teik/s d/gu/taid/kt/s/laik/hi:/n?t/fju:s/ju:s/home box seehill takesad go ti
32、decut uslike he not fuse use /ai/i/bike sitnice Missfind hillfive this/l/lookhellofloorfamily/m/mymapamgame/n/ninenewtenson/morningwrongthinkthankRead the following.Read the following./lait/main/sain/nail/lit/min/si/nil/mai/laim/kait/gaid/mei/leim/keit/geit/it/mis/pin/lik/et/mes/pen/lend/si:/gi:s/ki
33、:p/bi:t/sez/ges/kept/bed/si:k/pi:p/mi:t/di:d/seik/peid/meit/deiz/et/sed/beg/pek/t/sd/bg/pk/Read the following:/u/nogo sooldhomethoserose/?/boxfoxnotdogpotclocksorry/f/finefivefourfamilyfacefloorfriend/v/verysevenhavelovegloveovereleven/thinthinkthankthreethirteenthirtytenth/thisthatthesethosetherefa
34、thermotherRead the following.Read the following./u/?/nut/n?t/uz/s?/smuk/f?k/s/si:m/i:m/sin/in/sed/eft/z/i:/zi:/is/zip/en/zed/Read and spell out the words.Read and spell out the words./fl?:/d?:/m?m/en/get/faiv/meni/sm?:l/k/skai/ik/veri/l?k/unli/floordoormomthengetfivelockonlythankskythinkverymanysmal
35、l/u:/blue ruler too school/up bus number under/h/he hat here hill/r/red right brown room/j/yes you your yellow/w/we woman where white/u/nogo sooldhomethoserose/?/boxfoxnotdogpotclocksorry/f/finefivefourfamilyfacefloorfriend/v/verysevenhavelovegloveovereleven/thinthinkthankthreethirteenthirtytenth/th
36、isthatthesethosetherefathermother/u:/blue ruler too school/up bus number under/h/he hat here hill/r/red right brown room/j/yes you your yellow/w/we woman where white/u/nogo sooldhomethoserose/?/boxfoxnotdogpotclocksorry/f/finefivefourfamilyfacefloorfriend/v/verysevenhavelovegloveovereleven/thinthink
37、thankthreethirteenthirtytenth/thisthatthesethosetherefathermother/:/carareclassfather/au/howbrownblousetrousers/?:/ormorningdoorfloor/sisterbrotherrulerunder/:/hershirtgirl skirt /she shirt shoe English/i/hereneardear/chairtheirthere/u/booklookgood/t/chairChineseteacher/d/Jimjeeporangeear hear fear
38、foot cook cheap beachair hair fair jar large keep street/i:/i/e/a:/?:/?/u:/u/:/ei/ai/?i/u/au/i/u/元音元音辅音辅音/p/b/t/d/k/g/f/v/s/z/t/d/tr/dr/ts/dz/l/r/h/w/j/m/n/Revise the phonetics:Revise the phonetics:a:/e i/name same /carry have /a:/class father /want 但在但在 water 中读中读/:/ay:/day way /Mondayal:/:/walk wa
39、ll /a:/halftape gate jade hate safe paletap gap jam hat sad pal hall talk fall fast last vast was wash wallet hay pay ray c:/face city /come catchck:/black sockg:/age orange /g/big gamech:/watch much /machine /schoolkn:/knife know wr:/write wronge /i:/we she these /e/leg mend yellowee /i:/see jeep greenea /i:/tea meat pleaseea /e/bread heavy sweater
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