初中英语情态动词和虚拟语气 课件.pptx（纯ppt,无音视频）

1、Grammar词法篇动词动词的时态和语态非谓语动词情态动词和虚拟语气PART 1高频考点清单PART 2重温高考真题PART 3热考点集训情态动词和虚拟语气PART 4综合演练PART 1高频考点清单框架结构图情态动词的核心考点1.can/could和和be able to的用法的用法(1)can和和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，只有现在和过去时，而而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用而用was/were ab

2、le to来表示。这时来表示。这时was/were able to 相当相当于于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。Her mother can speak French.The wounded man was still able to get to the village and was saved by the villagers in the end.(2)can/could表示猜测表示猜测“可能可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句。，一般用于疑问句和否定句。Can the news be true?It cant be true.S

3、omeone is knocking at the door.Who could it be?(3)can可以表示理论上的可能性，指常有的行为或情形，意为可以表示理论上的可能性，指常有的行为或情形，意为“有时会有时会”。Anybody can make mistakes.(4)表示请求、允许表示请求、允许(表请求时，口语中常用表请求时，口语中常用could代替代替can使语气更委婉，回答使语气更委婉，回答时用时用can)。Can I go now?Could I come to see you tomorrow?Yes，you can.(否定答语可用否定答语可用No，Im afraid not

4、.)(5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。How can that be true？I cant believe my eyes and ears.How could you be so careless?(6)can的特殊用法。的特殊用法。can but只好；只好；cant but不得不；不得不；cant.too再再也不为过，越也不为过，越越好越好I can but wait.I cant but wait.You cant be too patient to the customers.2.may

5、和和might的用法的用法(1)表示允许、请求，表示允许、请求，might比比may的语气更委婉一些。的语气更委婉一些。May I watch TV now?Yes，you may.(Yes，please.)No，you mustnt.(No，youd better not.)(2)表示可能性时，表示可能性时，might比比may的可能性小，的可能性小，may表示的可能性比表示的可能性比can小小(主要主要用于陈述句、肯定或否定句，疑问句用用于陈述句、肯定或否定句，疑问句用can代替代替)。The story may not be true.(3)表示祝愿表示祝愿(不用不用might)May

6、you succeed!(4)may/might as well最好还是最好还是，不妨，不妨You might as well do it now.(5)may/might well很可能很可能He may well be late for class.3.must，have to和和ought to的用法的用法(1)must表示表示“必须，应该，一定要必须，应该，一定要”。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是是must not(mustnt)。must开头的问句，其否定回答要用开头的问句，其否定回答要用neednt或或dont have to来表达。来

7、表达。We must do it now.Must I hand in the paper today?Yes，you need/must.No，you neednt/dont have to.表示必然的结果。表示必然的结果。All men must die.还可表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事。还可表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事。It cant help；he must do that.(2)have to着重客观需要，能用于更多时态着重客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去时或将来时过去时或将来时)。He will have to be there before ten.(3)ought

8、 to表示义务和责任，意为表示义务和责任，意为“应该应该”，比，比should语气要强。语气要强。You ought to take care of yourself.4.need和和dare的用法的用法(1)need表示表示“需要，必要需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中，常用，只能用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中，常用must和和have to代替。代替。You dont need to do it at once.Need I come?(2)dare表示表示“敢敢”，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。I darent ask h

9、er for a rise.Dare you go home alone at eleven in the evening?If you dare speak to me like that again，youll be sorry.(3)need和和dare的特殊用法的特殊用法need表表“需要需要”时，可用时，可用want，require代替。代替。The desk needs repairing/to be repaired.The desk wants/requires repairing/to be repaired.dare作实义动词时，在肯定句中要接作实义动词时，在肯定句中要接t

10、o，在疑问句和否定句中，在疑问句和否定句中to可省去。可省去。He dares to catch a snake.I do not dare(to)complain.Do you dare(to)swim in the river?5.will和和would的用法的用法(1)will表示请求、建议，常用于第二人称。表示请求、建议，常用于第二人称。Will you please go with me?表示意愿、决定、允许。表示意愿、决定、允许。I will never do that again.表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，意为表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，意为“总是，惯于总是，惯于”，通常用于第三人

11、称。，通常用于第三人称。Rosa will always be late for school.(2)would表示请求、建议，比表示请求、建议，比will委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。Would you like a cup of tea?表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向。表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向。We would play badminton on Sundays.6.shall和和should的用法的用法(1)shall用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求。用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求。Shall I come in?

12、When shall he be able to leave the hospital?用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、允诺或威胁。用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、允诺或威胁。You shall do as your father says.He shall have the book when I finish reading.He shall be punished.(2)should表示责任、义务，意为表示责任、义务，意为“应该应该”。You should listen to your doctors advice.表示惊讶语气，意为表示惊讶语气，意为“竟然竟然”。You s

13、hould wear slippers in class.用于条件句，表示用于条件句，表示“假如，万一假如，万一”；省去；省去if，should可提至句首。可提至句首。Should you be late，apologize to the teacher.7.情态动词表示推测或判断的用法情态动词表示推测或判断的用法情态动词情态动词 对现在和未来的推测对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测对过去的推测使用场合使用场合mustmustdomust have done肯定句肯定句may/mightmay/mightdomay/might have done肯定句、否定句肯定句、否定句can/couldcan

14、/could docan/could have done否定句、疑问句否定句、疑问句(could可可用于肯定句用于肯定句)shouldshould doshould have done肯定句、否定句、疑问句肯定句、否定句、疑问句情态动词情态动词have done的用法：的用法：(1)should have done表示表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而，而shouldnt have done则表示则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。You should have told me about it earlier.You shouldnt

15、 have said such words to your parents.(2)ought to have done表示表示“本应该做某事而实际上未做本应该做某事而实际上未做”，而，而ought not to have done则意为则意为“本不应该做某事而实际上做了本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。You ought to have told me about it earlier.You ought not to have said such words to your parents.(3)neednt have done表示表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。Y

16、ou neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough.(4)could have done表示表示“本来有可能做某事而事实上未做到本来有可能做某事而事实上未做到”。I could have come on time，but my car broke down on the way.(5)may/might have done表表示示“过去可能发生过某事过去可能发生过某事”或或“本来应该本来应该/可以做某可以做某事事(实际上没做实际上没做)”。You might have given him more help，but you were s

17、o busy.虚拟语气的核心考点1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句虚拟语气用于条件状语从句(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(be动动词用词用were)，而主句中的谓语动词用，而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might动词原形动词原形”。If I were you，I would buy that house.If he had time，he should go with you.(2)表示与过去事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主表示与过去事实相反的假设

18、，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/might/couldhave过去分词过去分词”。If he had taken my advice，he would have succeeded in passing the examination.(3)表示与将来事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或表示与将来事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或“should/were to动词原形动词原形”，而主句中的谓语动词则用，而主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/could/might动词原形动

19、词原形”。If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow，the football match would be put off.(4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。If they had worked hard，they would be very tired now.(从句说的是过去，主从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在句指的是现在)2.虚拟语气用于名词性从句虚拟语气用于名

20、词性从句(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish宾语从句宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是要是就好了就好了”。表。表示现在没有实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时示现在没有实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用动词用were)；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could动词原形动词原形”；表示过去未能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用表示过去未能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had过去分词过去分词”。I wish it were spring all

21、the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在表示在表示“建议、要求、命令建议、要求、命令”等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形动词原形”，should可以省略。可以省略。常见的这类动词有：常见的这类动词有：suggest，advise，propose，demand，require，insist，request，command，order等。等。She suggested we(should)leave here at once.The

22、doctor ordered she(should)be operated on.(2)虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。表示表示“建议、要求、命令建议、要求、命令”等的名词，如等的名词，如advice，idea，order，demand，plan，proposal，suggestion，request等，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓等，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词用语动词用“should动词原形动词原形”，should可以省略。可以省略。His suggestion that we(should)go to Shanghai is wo

23、nderful.My idea is that they(should)pay 100 dollars.(3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should)动词原形动词原形”的结构，表示的结构，表示惊奇、不相信或理应如此等。惊奇、不相信或理应如此等。It is necessary that we(should)clean the room every day.It was a pity/a shame that you(should)be so careless.It will be desired

24、 that she(should)finish her homework this afternoon.注意：注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可这种从句表示的是事实。如果人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气；反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，用虚拟语气；反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述语气。从句也可用陈述语气。It is a pity that you cant swim.3.虚拟语气在其他场合的运用虚拟语气在其他场合的运用(1)虚拟语气在虚拟语气在as if/though，even if/though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如等引导的

25、表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时(be动词用动词用were)；指将来状况，则用；指将来状况，则用would/could/might动词原形。动词原形。He spoke as if he had known it.You look as if you didnt care.Even if she were here，she could not solve the problem.(2)虚拟语气用于句型虚拟语气用于句型“It is(high)time(that).”中，从

26、句的谓语动词用一般过去时中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用用were)或或“should动词原形动词原形”，should不可省略，意为不可省略，意为“(现在现在)该该”。Its time that I picked up/should pick up my daughter.(3)虚拟语气用在虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中，对现在的虚拟用一般过去时引导的感叹句中，对现在的虚拟用一般过去时(be用用were)；对过去的虚拟用过去完成时。；对过去的虚拟用过去完成时。If only I were a pilot.If only I had taken his advice.(4)虚拟语

27、气在一些简单句中的运用。虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。It would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door?用于一些习惯表达法中。用于一些习惯表达法中。Would you like something to drink?I would rather not tell you.(5)

28、would rather虚拟语气的用法。虚拟语气的用法。would rather sb.did sth.是对现在的虚拟；是对现在的虚拟；would rather sb.had done sth.是对过去的虚拟。是对过去的虚拟。书面表达中情态动词和虚拟语气易错点聚焦1.表达的单调性表达的单调性例如在写一封回信向好友表达建议时，重复使用例如在写一封回信向好友表达建议时，重复使用You should.既显得单调，同既显得单调，同时强硬的语气影响了交际效果。时强硬的语气影响了交际效果。我们可以灵活多样地表达建议，如我们可以灵活多样地表达建议，如Youd better./You might as wel

29、l./Why not.？等。？等。2.情态动词搭配错误情态动词搭配错误(误误)Youd not better quarrel with your neighbors whatever happens.(正正)Youd better not quarrel with your neighbors whatever happens.Need I tell him everything that has happened to his father？(误误)Yes，you need.(正正)Yes，you must.(误误)The King was so hot-tempered that no o

30、ne dared tell him the bad news.(正正)The King was so hot-tempered that no one dare(dared to)tell him the bad news.PART 2重温高考真题.单句语法填空单句语法填空I cant find my purse.I (leave)it in the supermarket yesterday，but Im not sure.(2018天津天津)答案解析解析解析句意为：我找不到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市里了，但句意为：我找不到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市里了，但我不确定。根据

31、句中时间状语我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去发生事情的推测，可知，是对过去发生事情的推测，故用故用“情态动词情态动词have done”，再根据后句，再根据后句but Im not sure可知，此推测可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用为不能肯定的推测，故用could/might have done。could/might have left.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.As a kid，I loved to watch cartoons，but no matter how many times I asked to watch them

32、，my parents would not to let me.(2018全国全国)答案解析解析解析would(not)表示表示“意愿意愿”时后面直接跟动词原形，故把时后面直接跟动词原形，故把to删除。删除。12342.Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.(2016浙江浙江)答案解析解析解析根据语境可知，此处是描述的过去的一种习惯，故用根据语境可知，此处是描述的过去的一种习惯，故用would do表示表示

33、“过去常常做过去常常做”。would have done表示对过去事情的假设，意为表示对过去事情的假设，意为“本来会做本来会做”。12343.Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.(2016全国全国)或或Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.答案解析解析解析suggest表示表示“建议建议”时，后面的宾语从句的谓语动词要用时，后面的宾语从句的谓语动词要用should do形形式，式，should可以省略，故答案有两种改法

34、。可以省略，故答案有两种改法。should12344.We must found ways to protect our environment.(2015全国全国)find解析解析情态动词后面要接动词原形。情态动词后面要接动词原形。1234答案解析PART 3热考点集训.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.I dont know where she is；she be in Wuhan.2.The road is wet.It have rained last night.3.You be punished if you cheat in the exam.4.Dont worry.Ive just

35、 sent an ambulance to you.They be there any second.5.I have gone to the school library，but it rained heavily，so I did not.查看答案maymustshouldshall题组一情态动词集训题组一情态动词集训should.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.You had better not to have stayed there，but you did.2.My punishment lasted a year.Meanwhile，I found ou

36、t that with more patience I must make my toys last.My attitude changed from then on.3.I have been practising for three weeks now，but I still couldnt get used to itin fact，Ive nearly killed three people.could/might查看答案could/might4.Thank you for all you have done for me.Mom，though I may often say it，I

37、 do love you.5.Judging from what you said，he ought succeed.not查看答案to.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.He walked in as if he (buy)the school.And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.2.If you (tell)me the news yesterday，I wouldnt be so worried now.3.Sorry，I am too busy now.If I (have)time，I would c

38、ertainly go for an outing with you.4.He was very busy yesterday；otherwise he (come)to the party.查看答案had boughthadhad told题组二虚拟语气集训题组二虚拟语气集训would have come5.Its time that our government (take)measures to improve the quality of the buildings.6.Mr Li insisted that the sports meeting (put)off because of

39、 the bad weather.查看答案took/should take(should)be put.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.If I was 10 years younger，I would start all over again.2.If we had enough rain last year，we could have gained a good harvest.3.Was I to be a teacher in the future，first of all，I would try my best to give students lesson

40、s.were查看答案Werehad4.George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but Id rather he focuses more on its culture.5.The chairman demanded that people present made every effort to protect the polar bear against dying out.focused查看答案make查看答案.语法填空语法填空(情态动词和虚拟语气专练情态动词和虚拟语气专练)Lucy is an outgoing

41、 lady.She 1.play many kinds of musical instruments.Actually，she 2.play the piano when she was 8 years old.Lucy also keeps taking exercise every day.She says that she has to do some sports because she 3.keep slim.“You 4.get fat soon if you dont take exercise every day.”She usually says to her friends

42、.As for her，an elegant lady should try to keep fit.However，last week，she found that she 5.put on weight and her husband suggested that she 6.lose weight.And these days shed rather that she 7.(take)more exercise every day.However，she is always lacking in time because she has to take care of her child

43、ren.cancouldmustshallmightshouldtookOne night after supper，she walked quickly in order to go dancing at the Tomorrow Park and she was late.On her way，she thought that the dancing must 8.(begin)，and the coach 9.have taught or shown many new moves.She was afraid that her friends might 10.(leave)before

44、 she got there.She was regretful then.She 11.have had supper earlier，or she could have taken a taxi，and indeed she neednt 12.(take)a bath in advance.When she reached the park finally，she found nobody was there.She remembered suddenly that it had been reported on the radio that there would be a heavy

45、 rain that night.查看答案have beguncouldhave leftshouldhave takenPART 4综合演练词法篇动词.单句语法填空单句语法填空(一)1.While making great efforts to run away，she (fall)over the hill and died.2.Nervous and anxious，Jill failed (make)a good impression at the job interview.3.The young firefighter insisted that he (be)well-prepa

46、red and should be sent there to put out the fire.4.As the deadline is drawing near，no one leave with his own work uncompleted.查看答案fellto makeshallwas5.I (watch)TV alone in the living room when I suddenly heard a crack upstairs.6.To his surprise，Jack found his son (dress)as Santa Claus on Christmas E

47、ve.7.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disneyland at weekends.8.At a young age，he (move)to Spain and now plays professionally for the FC Barcelona.查看答案was watchingdressedmovedwould9.(make)it easier to get in touch with us，youd better keep this card at hand.10.They were ab

48、road during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they (come)to our help.11.According to Charles Keeling，the amount of carbon dioxide _(increase)sharply and steadily over the forty years between 1957 and 1997.12.You begin to understand how Chinese speakers have their thoughts (or

49、ganize)，and how they understand things.查看答案To makewould have comeorganizedincreased13.It is required by law that a driving test (take)before a man gets a license.14.When you phoned me，I was having a meeting；how I wish I _(answer)your call.15.They made up their minds that they (buy)a new house once L

50、arry changed jobs.16.Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement (reach)so far by the two sides.17.To return to the problem of water pollution，Id like you to look at a study (conduct)in Australia last year.查看答案(should)be takenhad answeredhas been reachedwould buyconducted18.The heartwarming st