雅思写作强化课件.ppt

1、-1雅思强化-2vBobby-3v传统强项：v传统弱项：v听说读写v牛校需要单科7分以上-4v雅思写作概况v小作文图表作文写作时间字数要求v大作文议论文写作时间字数要求v在写作评分当中所占比例-5vTASK IIvArguments,Ideas,and Evidence(AIE)v论点、观点与论据（AIE）衡量考生能否清楚的表达、阐述并支持自己的观点。一名优秀的考生能够评判对方的观点，并使用切当的论据来支持自己的论点。考官将考核文章语言的准确性和恰当性以及文中信息的相关性。-6vCommunicative Quality(CQ)v交流质量（CQ）类似任务一当中的“连贯与衔接”一项，衡量论证的观

2、点是否清楚易懂。考官将考核该议论文能否清楚的传递信息，行文安排是否合适，逻辑关系是否清晰。正确使用连接词将各层意思连接起来，将有助于考生在交流质量上拿高分。-7vVocabulary and Sentence Structure(VSS)-8v词汇与句子结构（VSS）衡量词汇、拼写、时态和句子结构是否多样、恰当且准确。考官将考察考生能否正确使用各种时态和词汇，准确拼写单词，并使用各类词汇和语法结构。-9v现阶段同学在写作方面存在的问题：-10v词汇v阅读词汇&写作词汇v今天天气很好vGood/fine/nice-11vsunny-12v我去了一家很好的餐馆。vGoodvDelicious?-1

3、3vLuxuriousvExoticvSignificantvRomantic-14v写作词汇可以分为两类：v通用高级词汇：形容词和动词为主v分类话题词汇：名词为主-15v语法 v语法上面的两个层面的要求：v1 语法错误的数量v2 所使用的语法的质量-16v刀是用来切割的工具。-17vA knife is a tool for cutting.-18v每个人都需要爱心。-19v被动v强调句型-20vThere is scarcely a man or a woman who does not need love.vThere is a need for love everywhere.-21v

4、雅思写作部分只要求大家掌握5项语法即可：v时态：v总共有多少种？v只要求大家掌握6种基本时态即可v为什么在时态上面会出错？-22v昨天我去了滇池。v明天我要去滇池。-23v意识上而非知识上-24v语态v被动语态的构成：-25v从句结构 v两个简单句+逻辑关系=从句v写从句的目的？-26v写从句的目的是为了使得我们的文章看起来更加简洁。vTeachers are important for motivating children.vParents are even more important.-27vAlthough teachers are important for motivating

5、children,parents are even more important.-28v非谓语动词-29v强调和倒装-30v句子 v写作文的最基本的单位是什么？-31v句子的分类：v简单句：v并列句：v复合句：v在哪一类句子上面出现的问题最多？-32v简单句分类：-33vThere be 句型当中，第二个动词的问题。如果在一个there be 句型当中要出现两个动词，那么第二个动词必须是非谓语动词。或者是一个从句。-34v并列句也是为了让文章更加简洁：vLiving off campus is exciting.vLiving off campus is more independent.v

6、I prefer the convenience of living on campus.-35vLiving off campus is exciting and more independent,but I prefer the convenience of living on campus.-36v复合句v定语从句v定语从句基本结构v定语从句中最容易出错的部分-37v关系代词：v关系副词：-38v站在那边的那个帅小伙儿是我的室友。-39v刚才我们见到的那个人是龙睿。v不纯净的水会导致严重的疾病。v叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。v那些仍然在等待的乘客和行李必须转移到另外一班飞机上。v七月和八月

7、是很热的月份。-40v我们应该为祖先传下的文化遗产感到自豪，它们反应了我们璀璨的历史和丰富的文化。v骄傲：be proud;take pride in;v遗产：legacyv反应：reflectsv灿烂的：brilliant-41v基因工程是一种安全和威力强大的工具，特别是在医学领域将产生史无前例的成效。v基因工程：genetic engineering v史无前例的：unprecedented-42v取得巨大成功的人，毫无例外，都是善于利用零碎时间的人。v毫无例外：with no exceptionv利用：utilize v零碎时间：odd momentsv善于：wisely;be good

8、 at;be wise in-43 v人口爆炸和淡水短缺是当今人们面临的两大棘手问题。v人口爆炸：overpopulation v面临：be confronted with;be faced with-44v博物馆是游客体验当地文化和了解当地历史的好地方。v游客：touristv体验：appreciate 原意是“领略”，这里表示愉悦的体验；experience-45v有些家长把小孩送到私立学校去学习，那里有更好的教学设施和更高的教学质量。v设施：facility v这就是很多人强烈反对城市禁养宠物的原因。v禁养宠物：the ban on pets-46vWe should take prid

9、e in our cultural legacy handed from our ancestors,which reflects our brilliant history and rich culture.vGenetic engineering is a safe and powerful tool that will yield unprecedented results,specifically in the field of medicine.vThe men who have achieved great success are,with no exception,the men

10、 who have utilized their odd moments wisely.vOverpopulation and fresh water shortage are two thorny problems that people are confronted with today.-47vA museum is a good place where tourists can appreciate the local and better understand the local history.vSome parents send their children to a priva

11、te school where their children can enjoy better teaching facilities and high teaching quality.vThat is the reason why many people are strongly against the ban on pets in big cities.-48v名词性从句v（一）连词that引导的名词性从句vThat在从句当中不做任何语法成分，从句作动词宾语或者表语时，that可以省略。从句作同位语时，that不可省略。v很明显你需要更多的练习。-49v人们普遍认为自然资源是有限的。v自

12、然资源：natural resources v毒品合法化的支持者认为如果吸食毒品合法化，犯罪和暴力将减少。v毒品：drugv合法化：legalization-50v越来越多的人达成共识：克隆人体器官是不合伦理的。v共识；意见一致：consensusv合乎伦理的：ethicalv不合乎伦理的：unethicalv克隆：clone v人体器官：human organs-51v有人建议大城市应该限制私家车来解决能源短缺问题。v限制：restrict-52vIt has long been accepted that natural resources are limited.vSupporters

13、of drug legalization believe that crime and violence would decrease if drug use were legal.vThere is a growing consensus that it is unethical to clone human organs.vIt is suggested that private cars should be restricted in big cities to solve the energy shortage problem.-53v（二）Whether，whether or not

14、，whether or not，if引导名词性从句v该不该给小孩零花钱引发了激烈的争论。v引发：spark;start;arise-54vWhether or not children should be given pocket money has sparked a heated discussion.-55v（三）连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which等wh-词既充当连接词，连接主句和从句，又在从句中担当一定的语法成分，做主语、宾语或者是补语。-56v现阶段人们更加关心的是政府能否能够创造更多的就业机会。v关心：be concerned with;care for;-

15、57vWhat people are more concerned with at this stage is whether the government can create more job opportunities.-58v谁胜任（新闻）审查员的职位依然是具有争议的话题。v胜任：be qualified to be;be competent to bev（新闻）审查员：censor v有争议的：controversy-59vWho is qualified to be the censor remains an issue of controversy.-60v什么是分级制度 v分级

16、制度指的是某一组织根据一定的原则把片厂的产品按其内容划分成若干级，给每一级规定好允许面对的群众群。它没有国家法律支持，但在行业内部具有约束力。它只对观众起提示的作用，而把选择权交给了观众，由观众实行自我保护。-61v英国电影分级制度“U级：普通级适合所有观众。在此级节目中只能偶尔使用“damn（该死）、“hell（见鬼、混蛋）这类轻微的咒骂语言，极少使用其他温和的咒骂语言；“Uc级：特别适合儿童观看；“PG级：家长指导级；“12级：适合12岁以上是成人观看；“15级：适合15岁以上是成人观看；“18级：适合18岁以上是成人观看。-62v一些心理学家认为，家长在孩子面前的一举一动将对小孩的行为举

17、止具有重大影响。v心理学家：psychologistv对产生重大影响：have a great impact onvHave a great impact on sb in doing sth-63vWhat the parents do and how they behave in front of their children,according to some psychologists,will have a great impact on their children in shaping their behaviors.-64v（四）连接副词：when,where,why,howv

18、近来在我们社区人们广泛讨论如何遏制急剧上升的犯罪率。v遏制：curbv急剧上升的：soaring;growing;increasingv犯罪率：crime ratev社区：community-65vHow we can curb the soaring crime rate has been widely discussed in our community these days.-66v这就是许多白领视跳槽为挖掘自身潜能的机会的原因。v白领：white collarsv跳槽：job-hoppingv挖掘：tap;explore;exploitv潜能：potential-67vThat is

19、why many white collars workers regard job-hopping as an opportunity to tap their potentials.-68v如何弘扬传统文化近来成了个热门话题。v弘扬：carry forward;boost;promote-69vHow we can carry forward our traditional culture has become a hot topic these days.-70v副词性从句v种类繁多，但是相对都比较简单，如果后面我们有时间，就展开来看一下，如果没有时间就只有下来之后自己去看一下了。-71v

20、句子部分需要澄清的一个重要概念就是长句与短句的概念：vIt brings students intensive pressure.Some students cannot endure this pressure.-72vIt brings students intensive pressure that some students cannot endure.-73vTeenagers are pressured by school work.They are also encouraged by their peers.Under such circumstances,they resor

21、t to smoking.But sometimes they feel a little guilty.-74vPressed by school work and encouraged by their peers,teenagers often resort to smoking,though they feel guilty sometimes.-75v句型的转换 v为了避免句型的单一化，我们应该学会如下的几种常用的句型转化方法：v一 人称句和无人称句的转化vMany people think birth control is quite necessary in China.-76v

22、It is widely thought that birth control is quite necessary in China.-77v二 肯定句和否定句的转化vEvery young boy and girl wants to earn a little money to help cover higher college cost.-78vThere is hardly a young boy and girl who does not want to earn a little money to help cover higher college cost.-79v三 主动句和被

23、动句的转化vBecause of social demands,there appear many evening schools.-80vMany evening schools are called into existence by social demands.-81v四 动词与名词的转化vEveryone needs love.vThere is a need for love everywhere.-82vVocabulary and Sentence Structure指的是文章的语言表达。5分或5分以下的作文一般语法错误较多。6分作文则一般没有致命的语法错误，用词和句子基本准确

24、。而7分以上的作文用词丰富（Variety）、句子结构复杂（Complexity）。v雅思考官最看重的是“遣词造句”的能力！-83v内容：v简单化模式化原则。v内容不需要太复杂太深奥，只要能够贴合要论证的主题即可。v英文写作的最高境界就是把简单而平凡的内容用丰富多彩的英语语言形式表达出来。-84v分话题准备：v教育类；v科技类；v媒体类；v国家和政府类；v大众生活类；v社会热点类；v语言和文化类；v工作类；v计算机和网络类等等。-85v这些话题类虽然在考试的时候具体的出题形式不一样，但是很多题目的本质的内容还是没有多大变化。备考的时候如果把相关内容准备好了，上了考场只需要根据题目的变化来对内容

25、做出调整就可以了。-86v例如：v学生要不要兼职？v培养独立性v学会人际交往技能v缓解经济压力-87v这些写作要点跟学生高中毕业以后要不要先工作一年再上大学等的考题写作要点基本上是相通的。v由此我们可以看出，在备考期间准备一些经典的题目，在考场上就可以以不变应万变，灵活应对。-88v结构和逻辑v外国人的思维就是“线性思维”，即典型“总分总”的写作思维。这种思维源于presentation，即外国学生在课堂上的演说。他们做这种演说所遵循的原则是“总分总”。在雅思写作中，用这种思维最容易获得高分。-89v按照这种思维模式，雅思作文应该写成三个层次，即：vIntroduction vBodyvCon

26、clusion-90vIntroductionv这个部分的核心任务是通过对题目背景进行交代来引出下文将要讨论的主题。v这个部分的写作要求有两个IN，即，vInformation（信息性）vInteresting（趣味性）-91vBodyv这个部分是一篇文章的主体部分，要求我们能够从不同的角度和方面对introduction部分提出的问题进行分析和论证。这个部分往往写成2-3个自然段落。-92v这个部分的总体要求是：v一致性：主题要统一，所有内容的展开都要围绕题目的限定范围v发展性：运用举例子、摆事实、列数据、正反对比等多种手段来支持和论证主题。v连贯性：主要是文中句子与句子之间的连贯。-93v

27、Conclusionv这个部分要跟introduction部分遥相呼应，深化主旨，加深考官对整篇文章的认识和理解。v这个部分的整体要求是要回顾和总结前文，并且重申中心思想。-94v另外在逻辑和结构方面需要注意的就是specific，这应该是外国人在行文中最重要的思维。v你认为在电影院里能很好地欣赏电影吗-95v主题句：“电影院里人声嘈杂，我们无法集中精力欣赏电影。”v很多人没社会公德，在公共场所里大声喧哗，影响别人看电影。-96v老年人常在电影院咳嗽，使别人无法集中注意看电影，小孩会在电影院疯跑，跌倒了会大哭，别人无法欣赏电影。-97v有了前面的基础写作知识，下面我们进入具体的雅思写作的篇章学

28、习-98v雅思大作文（议论文）的五种题型：vAgree or Disagreev现阶段这种类型考的最多v因此我们会重点讲解这种类型v这类题目的典型特征是在题目当中会出现To what extent do you agree or disagree with?-99vAgree or Disagree 类型文章的结构：v这种类型的作文可以采用两种不同的写作结构。v第一种方法是“一边倒”的类型。也就是在阐述了题目背景之后明确的表明自己是“同意”或者是“不同意”。v写作的具体结构如下：-100vIntroduction部分有两个写作任务：v一是交代题目的背景（对题目内容进行改写）v二是表明自己的态度

29、（同意与否）-101v首先我们来看如何交代题目背景。v这个任务说穿了就是把我们下面要讨论的话题提出来。而对于话题阐述最清楚的莫过于题目了，我们可以以题目内容为基础，进行适当的改写来完成这个写作的任务。一般1-2句话即可v在实际的改写过程当中，可以采用如下的套句：-102vThe issue of has been widely debated in our community recently.vWith the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization,is brought to our attention.vThe

30、re is a growing worldwide awareness of-103vOne of the universal/pressing/urgent/burning problems/issues we are faced with/are confronted with isvRecently,there is a vehement discussion on the issue ofvIt is undeniable that has become the biggest concern of the present-day world.-104vWhen it comes to

31、 the issue,different people hold different viewpoint.vWhen people are asked to,they often use different standards.vIt is often assumed that with the wide spread of modern technology and mass media,has.-105v如果交代背景部分只准备写一句话，那么就只需从上述句子当中挑选一句，或者自己准备一个能够起到相同作用的句子即可，如果打算写两句话，要么自己对话题再进行一下拓展，要么可以从下面的句子中挑选一个

32、写上。-106vSome argue/hold that,but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue ofvSome people say that;other people suggest that.vSome people maintain that,while others believe that-107v表明自己的观点的时候，可以采用如下的一种句型：vTo be frank/to tell the truth,I completely agree with the former/lattervPe

33、rsonally,I stand on the side of-108vPersonally,I agree to the former/latter opinion,which is based on the following three reasons.vIn my opinion,vAlthough some people claim that,I believe that-109 e.g People who do not know how to use computer will become more and more disadvantaged in our society.T

34、o what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?-110vWhen it comes to the issue whether computer illiterates will find themselves in an increasingly disadvantaged position in the society,different people hold different viewpoint.vIt is often assumed that with the wide spread of computer t

35、echnology,people who do not know how to use computers will become/computer illiterates will find themselves in an increasingly disadvantaged position in the society-111vIn recent years,more and more women have gone out to work.Some people maintain that it is the responsibility of our government to p

36、rovide facilities and adequate staff,free of charge,for the children of these working mothers.To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion?-112vWhen it comes to the issue whether our government to provide facilities and adequate staff,free of charge,for the children of these working moth

37、ers,different people hold different viewpoint.-113vWith the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization,an increasing number of women,especially those who are married and become mothers,have decided to join the workforce.In my opinion,in order to encourage this positive trend in emplo

38、yment,our government is responsible for providing free services to working mothers and their children.-114vAs the womens liberation movements are gaining momentum worldwide,an increasing number of women,especially those who are married and become mothers,have decided to join the workforce.In my opin

39、ion,in order to encourage this positive trend in employment,our government is responsible for providing free services to working mothers and their children.-115vExercise:vModern technologies have greatly influenced peoples ways of entertainment.Seldom do we go to the cinema because of the widespread

40、 popularity of the Internet.Some people claim that this will make people less creative.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?-116vIt is often assumed that with the advent of information technology and its universal popularity around the world,peoples ways of entertainment have

41、been greatly transformed.Traditional forms of entertainment,such as going to the cinema,have been largely abandoned in favor of surfing on the Internet.-117 e.g With the development of computer technology,translation of language by machines is highly developed in our current society.Therefore,some p

42、eople think it is not necessary for students to learn a foreign language.To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion?Give your reasons.-118vIt is often claimed that the rapid development of computer technology has brought a blessing for numerous language learners by enabling them to do

43、translation with machines,typically a palm-sized and portable electronic dictionary.-119vWomen should give up their jobs and go back to their traditional role of home-maker in order to reduce world unemployment.To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement?-120vIn an attempt to solve th

44、e problem of climbing unemployment rates around the world,some people assert that women,especially after they have been married,should sacrifice their careers for their families and resume their traditional roles of both housewife and caretaker.-121v讲故事引入“一边倒”类型vNowadays,a large amount of money is s

45、pent on protection of wild animals.Some people believe it is better that we spend it on human population.To what extent do you agree or disagree?-122v当我听说在中国西南的四川省，几十只野生的熊被人非法捕获并且每天被抽取两次胆汁，直到它们被动物保护专家营救出来的时候，我痛苦的难以言表。这样的一个野蛮而残暴的行为使得我们很容易去对是否要继续投入更多的钱以保护野生动物这个问题做出回答。-123v痛苦的；烦恼的：distressedv难以言表：beyon

46、d descriptionv前几天：the other dayv捕获：captivatev抽取胆汁：had their bile wretchedly extracted v营救：rescuev动物保护专家：animal conservationistsv环境保护专家：environmental conservationistsv野蛮残暴的行为：barbarity-124vI was distressed beyond description when I learned the other day that tens of wild bears had been illegally capt

47、ivated and had their bile wretchedly extracted twice a day in Sichuan Province,Southwestern China,-125vtill they were rescued by animal conservationists.Such a barbarity makes it easier for us to answer the question as to whether we should continue to invest more on protection of wild animals.-126v前

48、面关于“一边倒”的写作类型其实是给出了两种方法，一种是基于模板和套句的方法，这种方法相对比较简单，但是很难写出7分以上的雅思作文；而通过故事来引入则能够很好的吸引考官，得到一个很好的分数，但是相对而言写作的难度比较大，主要是内容构思上和语言的操作上。-127vAgree or disagree还可以采用“花开两朵”的写法，即对题目所涉及的话题的pros和cons分别进行展开。这是一种比较完美的雅思议论文的行文方法。-128v“花开两朵”型的introduction部分的主要任务是要交代题目的背景，前面讲到的交代背景的方法和给出的套句都是可以用的。不同之处在于第二个写作任务，也就是交代自己观点的

49、句子可以用以下的句子来替换。-129vPeople from different backgrounds,however,put different interpretations on the same thing.vPeople rarely reach an absolute consensus on a controversial issue.vBefore giving my opinion,I think it is essential to look at the argument on both sides.-130vBefore rendering my position,I

50、 think it is essential to explore both side of the issue.-131vScientific and technological advances have produced many benefits as well as problems in our daily lives.However,most scientists in the world are no longer able to find the solutions of the problems they have created.To what extent do you