《英语学术论文写作（第三版）》课件English Academic Writing-第一章-第三版.ppt

1、English Academic Writing About the content v This book consists of seven chapters.Each chapter comprises three parts which unfold the content from three different perspectives.The first part focuses the major steps of paper writing.The second part mainly talks about the relevant issues in paper writ

2、ing.The third part is concerned with the description methods.Table of ContentsChapter One:IntroductionChapter Two:Research ProposalChapter Three:Research TopicChapter Four:Data Collection and EvaluationChapter Five:Writing Style Chapter Six:Paper Writing Chapter seven:AbstractEnglish Academic Writin

3、gChapter 1:Introduction English Academic WritingLead in:(1)Why do you engage in scientific research?(2)What are the types,the structure and the characteristics of academic paper?(3)What procedures do we follow in academic writing?(4)What does a definition mean?What does it usually consist of?Please

4、list two or three simple examples.v Chapter One:Introduction Part One:Introduction to Academic Writing Part Two:Procedures of Academic Writing Part Three:Definition Writing Chapter One Part One:Introduction to Academic Writing1.Reasons to Engage in Scientific ResearchPersonal interest to explore the

5、 worldSolving practical problemsCareer developmentTechnological developmentAcademic exchangesAcademic evaluationBeing forced toChapter One Part One:Introduction to Academic Writing2.Basic Types of Academic Papers In accordance with a combination of the content,target,methods and other factors.v Argu

6、mentative paperv Descriptive paperv Academic Meeting/Research Reviewsv Book ReviewsChapter One Part One:Introduction to Academic Writingv Argumentative Paper Definition:v Argumentative papers illustrate the authors views or opinions on an issue by discussions or descriptions,etc.They emphasize reaso

7、ning and strict logic;this necessitates the use of concepts,analysis,synthesis,judgment,logic to analyze the problem,to reason and argue in order to clarify the point of view or reach a conclusion.Categories:v (1)argumentative paper v (2)refutation paperGo to mainChapter One Part One:Introduction to

8、 Academic Writingv Descriptive Paper Definition:v Descriptive papers are also known as expository papers,which are mainly used to describe a natural phenomenon or a social phenomenon.v E.g.the causes and effects of certain ideas can be the object of analysis,description and explanation.Major types:v

9、 (1)Experimental reports v (2)Investigation reports Go to main Chapter One Part One:Introduction to Academic Writingv Academic Meeting/Research Reviews Review papers include academic conference,seminar and research reviews.The review papers explored in this book refer to the research reviews of publ

10、ished literature.Definition:Review papers mainly summarize the results of research on a certain topic,in which the authors can add their own presentations and comments and express their personal views.The fundamental purpose is to introduce the latest developments in disciplines and provide the late

11、st academic information and systemic academic materials,thus having their own academic value.Types:1.In terms of span:(1)synchronic reviews (2)diachronic reviews 2.In accordance with scope:(1)thematic reviews (2)discipline reviews Go to mainChapter One Part One:Introduction to Academic Writing Book

12、Reviews Definition v Book reviews introduce the main content of certain books and evaluate their strengths and weakness.Types:v (1)Introductory book reviewsv (2)Narrative-and-comment-balanced book review v (3)Comment-focused book reviewsGo to main Chapter One Part One:Introduction to Academic Writin

13、gv3.Structures of an Academic Paperv (1)(In accordance with the Modern Language Association(MLA)format)v Types of paperLibrary research Experimental researchCase study paperComponents Title paper,Outline,Abstract,Main body,Notes(optional),Appendix And references.Title,Abstract,Introduction,Methods a

14、nd materials,Analysis of results,Discussion,Conclusions and references.Title,Abstract,Introduction,Reports,Discussions,Conclusions and references.Chapter One Part One:Introduction to Academic Writingv(2)(In terms of paper published in China or abroad)PapersPaper published in china Paper published ab

15、road Components Chinese and English titles,Chinese and English abstract,Chinese and English keywords,The body,References,Appendix,Information about the author.Title,Abstract,Introduction,The body,Conclusions and recommendations,Acknowledgement,References,Appendix.Chapter One Part One:Introduction to

16、 Academic Writingv4.Characteristics of Academic Writing(1)Features on the lexical level Terminology Nominalization Abbreviation Use of single verbs(2)Features on the syntactical level Long complex sentence Simple-present tensev Passive voicev Non-finite verbs“atom,fungus”“radar”and “AIDS”.“investiga

17、te”for“look into”,“eliminate”for“get rid of”f”.Chapter One Part One:Introduction to Academic Writingv5.The Differences Between English and Chinese Academic PaperEnglish academic paperChinese academic paperStrict adherence to a particular style guide Loose adherence to styleMore empirical SubjectiveM

18、ore formalLess formal Top-down reasoning Spiral reasoningChapter One Part One:Introduction to Academic Writingv6.The Distinction Between English Papers on the Arts and Science Go to main English paper on artEnglish paper on scienceDifferencesLow originality High originalitySecondary sourcesPrimary s

19、ourcesArgumentationDescriptionSubjectivity ObjectivitySimilarities Large-scale use of the passive voice Extensive use of long,complex sentencesChapter One Part Two:Procedures of Academic WritingProcedures:v Step 1:Choice of a Topic v Step 2:Collection and Evaluation of Datav Step 3:Development of an

20、 Outline v Step 4:Writingv Step 5:Revision,Editing and References v Step 6:Preparation of Abstract Step 7:Preparation of Final DetailsGo to main Chapter One Part Three:Definition Writingv1.Introduction:A definition is an exact word or phrase of the meaning,nature,or limits of something.E.g.“Art”is a

21、 visual object or experience consciously created as an expression of skill or imagination.Chapter One Part Three:Definition Writingv 2.Structure of a Definition A definition consists of three elements:v (1)the term itself,v (2)the category the term belongs to,v (3)the features of the term.A definiti

22、on is an exact word or phrase of the meaning,nature,or limits of something.A definition usually answers the question what.Defining means giving a definition.Other words with this meaning are description and explanation.It describes what a word means and explains to the person when and where it can b

23、e uesd.(Definition,2018).v E.g.“Triangle”is defined as“a plane figure(genus)boundedv by three straight sides(differentia)”.v Chapter One Part Three:Definition Writingv3.Criteria of a Good Definition 1.Follow rules that have traditionally been given for definition.2.State the essential attributes of

24、that which is defined.3.Give examples of usage.4.Avoid circularity 5.Must be neither too broad or too narrow nor leave out any appropriate information,nor include that which does not truly apply.6.Must not be obscure 7.Should not be stated in the negative when it can be stated positively.E.g.“Wisdom

25、”should not be defined as“absence of folly”.v Chapter One Part Three:Definition WritingvActivity 1:v Do you think the following definitions are good ones?v (1)A game is a sport.v (2)Wisdom is the absence of folly.v (3)Blindness is the absence of sight in a creature that is normally sighted.v (4)Murd

26、er is an intended,unlawful and criminal act of one human killing another human without provocation or justification.Chapter One Part Three:Definition WritingvKey:v(1)A game is an activity or a sport with rules in which people or teams compete against each other.v(2)Wisdom is the ability to make sens

27、ible decisions and give good advice because of the experience and knowledge that you have.v(3)Good v(4)GoodChapter One Part Three:Definition Writing4.The Definition Essayv Everett(2004)puts forward the following guidelines for writing a definition essay:v (1)Make your essay personal,amusing,vigorous

28、,stimulating,and memorable.v (2)Choose a generic topic rather than a specific topic.Chapter One Part Three:Definition Writingv5.Common Techniques for Definition Essaysv Supplementary Techniques used to clarify the topic in questions(Everett,2004):Analysis Classification Comparison Details Examples a

29、nd Incidents Negation Origins and Causes Results,Effects and Uses Chapter One:Introduction Homework:Discuss in groups of three or four and provide your own definitions for the following terms.Then consult a dictionary to find their definitions.v Literature,Coin,Culture,Dolphin Chapter One:Introducti

30、onThank you Chapter One:Introduction vKey to homework:(1)Literature:pieces of writing that valued as works of art,especially novel,plays and poems(in contrast to technical books and newspaper,magazines,etc.)(2)Coin:a small flat piece of metal used as money.(3)Culture:the customs and beliefs,art,way of life and social organization of a particular country or group.(4)Dolphin:a sea animal(a mammal)that looks like a large fish with a pointed mouth.