1、333397.272 10 Pa(1.5 101.2 10)m29.2JWpV 外800J(29.2)J770.8JUQW 解:解:12lnVWnRTV3112141.85 10K1093Kln2 8.314ln10WTVVnRVV3332 8.314 1093m0.08968m202.65 10nRTVp解:解:3333100 10 Pa(16 1010 10)m600JWpV 外125.52J(600)J474.48J125.5JpUQWHQ 解:解:120.5ln2 8.314 300lnJ11.486kJ5VWnRTV 011.486kJUQW 解:解:22H O H OHglg3()
2、40.66 1 8.314273.15 10010 kJ37.56 kJUHp VHVVHpVHnRT p H =Qp=40.66 kJ/mol22H O H OH解:解:11000g(1)40.66kJ mol2259kJ18g molQ-1glg2259kJ()55.6 8.314373.15J172.4kJ2259172.4kJ=2086.6kJpHQWp VVpVnRTUQW 解:解:1glg22259kJ2086.6kJ10008.314(273.15 100)J172.4kJ18HUWpVVpVnRT 外()恒外压等温汽化:-(-)-5221121000101.325 10ln8.
3、314 373.15 lnJ119.5kJ1850662.5172.4 kJ 119.5 kJ52.9kJ2086.5 kJ(52.9)kJ 2139.4 kJpWnRTpWWWQUW 总总总-解:解:32259kJ 2086.6kJ0 2086.7kJHUWQUW()解:解:21.m21221221(),()()VnRTnRTWnCTTWpVp VVppp 外21,m21221()()VRTRTCTTppp 联立上面两式:322332,m21m,m.m2129820.71(298.15)1000 10()1000 103000 10241.15K100()20.71(241 298)J421
4、6J28R100()(20.71)(241 298)J5908.5J28VpVpRTRTTUnCTTCCHnCTTR解:解:331 1131 1232332232.m21.m2202.650 1011.2 101K273K1 8.314202.650 10273K136.5K405.300 101 8.314 136.5dm2.8dm4 05.300 1032 n()1(136.5273)1702J2(VppVTnRpTTpnRTVpUCTTRHnCTT ()。()2122111223)1()(136.5273)2837J23d,2dddd2dd2d22 1 8.314136.5273J 22
5、70JVVTTTTRRKnRTnRTWp VpTKpVTpKnRnRTVTTpVKKKnRTWp VTnR TnR TTK ()功的计算:因为常数,所以,将 与代入功的计算式,得-解:解:2-+2+244222-+22442221628(1)C O(aq)MnO(aq)H(aq)=2CO(g)+Mn(aq)H O(1)5555(2)5C O(aq)+2MnO(aq)+16H(aq)10CO(g)+2Mn(aq)+8H O(1)-2242(MnO4)(C O)5nn根据反应方程23324(C O)0.1625 10 mol4 10 moln334(MnO)0.08 20 10 mol1.6 10
6、 moln2-+2+244222-+22442221628(1)C O(aq)MnO(aq)H(aq)=2CO(g)+Mn(aq)H O(1)5555(2)5C O(aq)+2MnO(aq)+16H(aq)10CO(g)+2Mn(aq)+8H O(1)两者恰好完全反应3311Brm3B34-1-1rm304 1012001mol4 10 molkJ.mol300kJ.mol14 1004 1012002mol8 10 mol kJ.mol1500kJ.mol58 10nHHH ()()解:解:2422222(1)CO(g)+C()=2CO(g)(2)CH(g)+2O(g)CO(g)+2H O(
7、1)H(g)+Cl(g)2HCl(g)石墨(3)gpVQQnRT()(1)2 18.314298.15 J 2479J (2)1 38.314298.15 J 4958 J (3)2 28.314298.15J0(-)(-)-(-)解:解:-1222rm(1)2H(g)+O(g)=2H O(1)(298 K)571.70 kJ molH 1222rm(2)2H(g)+O(g)=2H O(g)(298K)483.65 kJ molH 11m2,1(483.65)(571.70)21 H O l,298kkJ mol44kJ mol22H 气解:解:A+BC+D-1rm()40.0 kJ molH
8、T C+DE-1rm()60.0 kJ molHTrm()HT(1)C+DA+B (2)2C+2D2A+2B (3)A+BE1rmCDABABCD40.0 kJ molH(1)因为是的逆过程,所以焓变数值相等符号相反。11rm11rm2212240.0 kJ mol80.0kJ mol3ABCDCDEABE6040 kJ mol20 kJ molHH()因为()式化学计量数是()式化学计量数的 倍。()因为加上式即为故为两式焓变之和。解:解:12 2(263.15K)101000HHHH 水()冰()水()冰()111.m12113.m11123()75.3 10 J mol753J mol6
9、.02 kJ molC()37.6(10)J mol376 J mol263.15K0.7536.020.376 kJ mol5.643 kJ molppHCTHHTHHHH 水-冰-解:解:2222233(1)H S(g)+O(g)H O(1)+SO(g)CO(g)+2H(g)CH OH(1)2(2)2222(1)H S(g)+3/2O(g)=H O(1)+SO(g)1fm11rmBfmB31rmrmg1/kg mol:20.630285.83296.83(B)(285.83 296.83)(20.630 3/2)kJ mol562.03kJ mol 562.031 1 3/28.314 2
10、98.15 10 kJ mol558.31kJ molHHvHUHvRT -()-(-)-解:解:23(2)COg2HgCH OHl ()()()1fm/kJ mol:110.520238.57H11rmBfmB(B)(238.57)(110.522 0)kJ.mol128.05kJ molHvH 31rmrmg1()128.05(3)8.314298.15 10 kJ mol120.61kJ molUHvRT 解:解:24C2H gCH g(石墨)()()11BB8.74)5.39328.2853.890(molkJmolkJHHQmcmrp11332.72)1015.298314.8)21
11、(8.74(molkJmolkJRTHUQBmrmrv解:解:2325WC(s)+O(g)=WO(s)+CO(g)2611 g()1.192 1015/28.314300 J mol1196kJ molpVQQvRT -11fmWC,300K 1196 393.5 837.5 kJ mol35kJ molH-解:解:33AgNO(aq)+KCl(aq)AgCl(aq)+KNO(aq)AgaqClaqAgCl s1fm11rmBfmB/kJ mol:105.579167.159127.07(B)(127.07)(105.579 167.159)kJ mol65.49 kJ molHHvH-21TpTC dT 21TVTC dT
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