高三英语语法复习课件：状语从句.ppt

1、一个一个_在复合句中用作状语时在复合句中用作状语时,在语法上叫状语从句。在语法上叫状语从句。从句由从句由_或或_引导。引导。分类：分类：状语从句可表示状语从句可表示1)_ 2)_ 3)_ 4)_ 5)_ 6)_ 7)_ 8)_ 9)_等等句子句子时间时间地点地点 原因原因目的目的结果结果条件条件行为方式行为方式比较比较 让步让步名词词组名词词组连词连词一一.引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句1.when,while,as,before,after,until,till,since,ever since,once,as soon as，2.every time,next/last/each tim

2、e,the first time,the moment,the minute,the instant3.hardlywhen,no soonerthan,scarcelywhen其中其中when,till,until,before,after,as soon as,the moment等等引导时，如果引导时，如果主句主句的时态是一般将来时，则的时态是一般将来时，则从句从句的时态用的时态用一般现在时。一般现在时。when,while,as _ we were talking,Mr Smiths came in._ they came home,I was cooking dinner.I was

3、 about to go to bed _ I heard someone knock at the door.4._ we were watching TV,he was studying.5.He is fat _ his brother is thin.6._ she sang,tears ran down her face.Conclusion:A:从句为从句为”当当的时候的时候”,从句谓语为延续性动词从句谓语为延续性动词,主句谓语为主句谓语为非延续性动词非延续性动词(即终止性动词即终止性动词),三者可通用三者可通用.B 当从句的谓语动词为终止性动词当从句的谓语动词为终止性动词,只能用

4、只能用when;表示表示”正在那正在那时时”,也只能用也只能用when.C.从句和主句的谓语动词都为延续性动词时从句和主句的谓语动词都为延续性动词时,只能用只能用while;while还可作并列连词还可作并列连词,表示表示”而而”.D.当强调主句和从句的动作同时发生时当强调主句和从句的动作同时发生时,只能用只能用as,as,译为译为”一一边边一边一边;随着随着”While/As/WhenWhenwhenWhilewhileAsbefore,after,sinceHe had left the town the day _ she arrived.It was not long _ he lef

5、t his hometown.I played football _ I(had)finished my homeworkPlease tell her Ill come _ I do some shopping.It will not be long _ we meat each other again.I_(be)at his bedside since he _(become)ill.It _(be)two years since we _(begin)to use this machine.beforeafterConclusion:1.before引导的从句是过去式引导的从句是过去式

6、,主句是过去时或过去完成时主句是过去时或过去完成时;.主句主句为过去时为过去时,after从句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时从句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时.since从句用过从句用过去时态去时态,主句一般用现在完成时主句一般用现在完成时.It is/has been+一段时间一段时间+since从句从句 “自从自从已经已经”It was/wont be+一段时间一段时间+before从句从句“过了过了才才.”beforebeforeafterhave beenbecameis/has beenbegantill 与与until:1.He lived with his parents _ he

7、graduated from He lived with his parents _ he graduated from college.college.2.Not _ he told me did I know the truth.2.Not _ he told me did I know the truth.3.The children _(will come)home until/till its 3.The children _(will come)home until/till its dark.dark.4.It was _ the war was over that he ret

8、urned to his 4.It was _ the war was over that he returned to his land.land.till/untiluntilwont comenot untilConclusion:1.位于句首时位于句首时.只能用只能用until,不用不用till.2.notuntil可改写为可改写为:It is/was not until that强调句强调句.3.not until放在句首，主句谓语要部分倒装。放在句首，主句谓语要部分倒装。一一就就ill._he saw the monster,he turned pale.The spy had _

9、 returned home than he was told to go to another country.We had _returned home when it rained._ had we begun when we told to stop.The moment/minute/As soon asno soonerhardly/scarcelyHardly/ScarcelyConclusion:hardlywhen,no soonerthan,scarcelywhen引导，从句引导，从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时。用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时。否定词否定词hardly,

10、scarely和和no sooner 位于句首时，从句要部分位于句首时，从句要部分倒装。倒装。二二.地点状语从句地点状语从句:where,anywhere,everywhere.You would let your children play where you can see them.because,as,since,for三三.原因状语从句原因状语从句:Conclusion:because语气最强，强调原因，既可以放在句首，也可以放在语气最强，强调原因，既可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。回答句中。回答“why”的提问。的提问。since表示表示“既然既然”，语气较弱；强调结果，只可以放在句

11、首。，语气较弱；强调结果，只可以放在句首。as语气最弱，强调结果，只可以放在句首。语气最弱，强调结果，只可以放在句首。for表示通过逻辑推断得出的原因。表示通过逻辑推断得出的原因。用because,as,since 与for填空:-Why are you crying,meg?-_ Ive broken your necklace,mom.2.I went to bed early _ I was tired.3.I was not kind to him_ he was rude.4._ I had a cold,I was absent from school.5.My mother wa

12、s ill and I sent for Tom,_ he was a doctor.6._ we are all here,lets begin our class.becausebecausebecauseAsforSinceConclusion:条件状语从句中一般用条件状语从句中一般用“主将从现主将从现”.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在If引导的条件状语从句的使用：引导的条件状语从句的使用：四四.条件状语从句条件状语从句:if,unless,once,as/so long as（只要）（只要）,so far as(据据我所知我所知),If引导的从句引导的从句 主句主句与现在事实相反were/did

13、would/should/could+动词原形与过去事实相反had donewould/should/could+had done与将来事实相反were/didshould dowere to dowould/should/could+动词原形If I_(be)a bird,I would fly to you.If you _(leave)home a little earlier this morning,you _(catch)the bus._ bad weather stops me,I jog every day._ I arrive at Beijing,Ill call you

14、.Ill go _ you go._ anything important happens,please call me up.werehad leftwould have caughtUnlessOnce as/so long asIf五、让步状语从句五、让步状语从句He went out,_ it was raining._ they are poor,they buy a great many books.Child _ he is,he has learnt advanced mathematics._he is a child,he has learnt advanced mathe

15、matics.No matter _ happens,dont be discouraged.No matter _ you go,you must write to your parents.No matter _ hard he tried,he couldnt open the door.No matter _ you marry in the future,he must be an honest man.though/althoughAlthoughaswhatwherehowwhothough,although,even if/though,no matter,whatever,h

16、owever,whetheror,asEven ifConclusion:Although多用于句首多用于句首.as引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句,表示表示“尽管、虽然尽管、虽然”。但从句。但从句要倒装。句型为：要倒装。句型为：adj./adv./单数单数n.(不加冠词不加冠词)+as+主语主语+谓语谓语 Young as she is,she can help her mother.Fast as he runs,he is the last one.六、目的与结果状语从句六、目的与结果状语从句He got up early _ he could catch the bus._ he co

17、uld catch the bus,he got up early.I was caught in a shower,_ all my clothes got wet.Its _ cold _ the lake has frozen.There are _ many books there _ I dont know which one to borrow.Its _ good a book _ Ive read it again and again.It was _ a cold day _ there was nobody on the street._ cold weather rema

18、ined for three days _ I had to stay at home all day long.in order that/so thatIn order thatso thatsothatsothatsothatthatsuchSuch thatso that,in order thatso（that）,sothat,such that.由由so that;in order that 引导的目的状语从句中通常用引导的目的状语从句中通常用may,could,can等情态动词等情态动词.In order that从句可放于句首从句可放于句首,而而so that 引导的从句只引导

19、的从句只能放在主句之后能放在主句之后.3.sothat引导结果状语从句时引导结果状语从句时,so常用于修饰形容词或副词常用于修饰形容词或副词,或用于修饰或用于修饰many,much,little,few.语序为语序为:so+adj./adv.so+adj.+a/an+n.4.such可修饰任何名词可修饰任何名词,当其修饰单数可数名词时当其修饰单数可数名词时,语序语序为为:such+a/an+(adj.)+n.Conclusion:七、比较状语从句七、比较状语从句:His brother is _ handsome _ he(is).The movie was not _ good _ I ha

20、d expected.Your bag is twice as expensive as _(me).The driver drives faster _ he used to(drive)._ knowledge we learn,_(happy)we will be.Conclusion:1.请保持人称代词的格前后一致请保持人称代词的格前后一致.如如:1,3.2.倍数词须加在比较结构的前面倍数词须加在比较结构的前面.如如:3.3.句中相同的成分句中相同的成分,如动词如动词,常常省去常常省去.如如:1,4.asasso/asasminethanThe morethe happieras,th

21、an,asas,not so/asas,the+比较级比较级 the+比较级比较级八、方式状语从句八、方式状语从句:He stood up _(he wanted)to leave.She always talks to me as if she _(be)my sister.He walked slowly as if he _(hurt)his leg.as if werehad hurtConclusion:as if从句里的主语与动词如和主句一致有时可省略从句里的主语与动词如和主句一致有时可省略.as if 从句叙述的情况如果与事实相符合从句叙述的情况如果与事实相符合,从句不用虚拟语气

22、从句不用虚拟语气,从句时态与主句保持一致从句时态与主句保持一致.as if 从句叙述的情况如与事实不相符合从句叙述的情况如与事实不相符合,则从句用虚拟语气则从句用虚拟语气.与一般现在事实不符合：谓语动词与一般现在事实不符合：谓语动词 were/did 与过去事实不符合：谓语动词与过去事实不符合：谓语动词 had doneas（像，如（像，如),as if/though(仿佛、似乎仿佛、似乎),just as（就像）（就像）,改错改错:She was walking on the street while the accident happened._ 2.I will call you as

23、soon as I will finish my homework._ 3.After the queen knows it is I that help you run away,she will kill me._ 4.I have finished the composition when the bell rang._ _while-whenwillAfter Once have-hadConclusion:4.主句从句时态本该一致而不一致主句从句时态本该一致而不一致.1.连词的错用连词的错用.2.时间与条件状语从句中的将来时用一般现在时。时间与条件状语从句中的将来时用一般现在时。3.

24、连词的错用连词的错用高中英语常见的特殊形式的连词v高中英语中有一些连词，它们在形式上是副词、名词词组或分词(有的是现在分词形式，有的是过去分词形式)，却常常起连词作用，引导状语从句。我们可以把它分成下列几类：v一、副词形式起连词作用，引导时间状语从句，如directly,immediately,instantly等，意思为“一就”，once“一旦”。如：vI came immediately you call me.你一打电话我就来了。vDirectly he said these words,there was a dead silence.他刚说完这句话，大家就立即沉默下来。vThe ma

25、chine will start instantly you press the button.你一按电钮机器就会开动。v二、名词词组形式起连词作用，意思为“一就”，引导时间状语从句，如the first time,the moment,the second,the minute,every time,each time等。如：vThe first time I saw her,I thought she was very honest.我一见到她我就认为她很诚实。vI will go to see you the moment I arrive in Beijing.我一到北京就会去看你。v

26、I know something was wrong the minute I arrive.我一到就知道出事了。v三、分词形式起连词作用，用来引导状语从句，如seeing(由于、鉴于)，given(由于、鉴于、考虑到)，considering(考虑到)，providing/provided(如果，只要)，supposing(假设)等。如：vSeeing everyone is here,we may as well get into the train.既然大家都在这，我们很有可能都上了火车。vWell visit Europe next year providing/provided we have the money.如果我们有了这笔钱，我们明年就可以访问欧洲。vvGiven she is interested in children,I am sure teaching is the right career for her.鉴于她对孩子很感兴趣，我相信教学对她来说是最合适的职业。vConsidering hes been learning English a year,he speaks it very well.考虑到他只学了一年英语，他的英语是说得非常好的。