高三语法填空专题复习课件.ppt

1、高考语法填空专题复习：高考语法填空专题复习：题型解读题型解读?语法填空这种题型的显著特点都是将语法填空这种题型的显著特点都是将语言知识语言知识或或语法知识语法知识放在语篇中进行放在语篇中进行考察考察.?文章内容、体裁多样化（如体现文化文章内容、体裁多样化（如体现文化内涵，或给人心灵以启迪故事等。）内涵，或给人心灵以启迪故事等。）?一共一共10道小题道小题,每道每道1.5分分.（单词拼写及大小写错误为（单词拼写及大小写错误为0分）分）People are not so honest as they once 1 were(be).The temptation to steal is greate

2、r than ever before-especially in large shops.A detective 2_(recent)watched a well-dressed woman recentlywho always went into a large store on Monday mornings.One Monday,there were _3_fewer(little)people in the shop than usual when _4_ thewoman came in,so/therefore/thus5 _it was easier for the detect

3、ive _6_(watch)her.to watchThe woman first bought a few small articles.After a little while,she chose _7_ of the onemost expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant _8_ wrapped it up for her whoas quickly as possible.Then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop _9_

4、 paying.When she was arrested,the withoutdetective found out _10_ the shop assistant thatwas her daughter.The girl gave her mother a free dress once a week!题型特点题型特点一、纯空格填空（无提示词）：一、纯空格填空（无提示词）：虚词为主虚词为主介词介词/代词代词冠词冠词连词连词助动词助动词二、提示词填空（适当形式）二、提示词填空（适当形式）：实词实词动词动词/名词名词形容词形容词 数词数词/副词副词高考语法填空高考语法填空考点解读与解题技巧

5、考点解读与解题技巧一、纯空格填空（填虚词为主）的解题技巧。一、纯空格填空（填虚词为主）的解题技巧。技巧技巧1：缺主语或宾语，考虑填缺主语或宾语，考虑填_代词代词_(多考代词多考代词)。如：。如：例例1 A real trial began when I stood on the platform with my legs trembling and my mind blank.Gradually I found myselfback,giving out my speech with difficulty注意：注意：在冠词在冠词the 后若要填虚词，一般是后若要填虚词，一般是one(s),ot

6、her(s)等代词等代词_技巧技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词名词前面，若没有限定词,很可能很可能冠词、形容词性物主代词、冠词、形容词性物主代词、是填限定词是填限定词(_不定代词不定代词_)。如：。如：例例2 After the student left,the teacher let _ student taste the water.another技巧技巧3：当当“_(+限定词限定词)+名词名词”或或“_+代词代词”在句中不充当主语或在句中不充当主语或宾语时，该空格通常应填宾语时，该空格通常应填_。此外，。此外，介词介词填的时候，除了考虑与其后填的时候，除了考虑与其后_的搭配的搭配名词名词外

7、，也要考虑与前面的外，也要考虑与前面的_的搭的搭动词、形容词动词、形容词配。配。with例例3 The young man came home _ a happy heart.技巧技巧4：若两句若两句(一个完整主谓关系算一个句一个完整主谓关系算一个句子子)之间没有连词，也没有句号考虑填之间没有连词，也没有句号考虑填并列连词或从属连词等并列连词或从属连词等。_例例4 I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _ should have the honor of receiving who

8、 me as a guest in their house.例例 Now，Valentine s Day is celebrated in many countries around the world.However,the traditions often differ from place to place.In Japan,for example,it is normal for the woman to send chocolates to the man,_ in Korea whileApril 14th is known as“Black Day”技巧技巧5：若结构较完整，空格

9、后的谓语动词若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓时态不一致或主谓情态动词情态动词 或表示或表示不一致时不一致时，很可能是填，很可能是填_强调或倒装强调或倒装 的的_助动词助动词(do,does,did等等)。does/can例例6 What s amazing is,Pluto_ understand everything dad says.Their communication is as near to being perfect as possible.技巧技巧6：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。的词

10、。(1)由由it is/wasthat强调结构形式强调结构形式 如：如：例例7 I wasn t used to being taken care of like that andit was at this moment _ his thatunspoken concern caught me by surprise.(2)由由it作形式主语或形式宾语作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断的句式判断如：如：It is adj./n.+to do/doing/thatfind/feel/think/consider it+adj./n./+to do/doing/that例例8 Jane was wa

11、lking round the department store.She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable itChristmas present for her father.(3)so that句型句型例例9 This made the goat sojealous _thatit began plotting against the donkey.(4)morethan(与其说与其说不如说不如说，比比更更)句型句型例例10Cynthia s story shows vividly that people remembe

12、r morehow much a manager cares _ how much he pays.than二、提示词填空（填实词）的解题技巧二、提示词填空（填实词）的解题技巧1.动词填空动词填空2.词性、词义、词形转换填空词性、词义、词形转换填空1.给出了动词的试题的解题技巧给出了动词的试题的解题技巧技巧技巧1：若所需的是动词；首先，判断要若所需的是动词；首先，判断要是谓语动词还是非谓语动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，填的动词填的动词_时态时态/语态语态/主谓一致主谓一致。再考虑再考虑_例例11 When my mother told me about my father s response

13、much later,when I _ (recover)from my fit of had recoveredangerthen I immediatelyfelt ashamed of my violent behavior技巧技巧2：若一个句中已有谓语动词，又不是若一个句中已有谓语动词，又不是非谓语动词非谓语动词。并列谓语时，所给动词就是并列谓语时，所给动词就是_例例12 The building_(build)being builtin our school is for us teachers.Though there s noise most of the day,we stil

14、l feel happy about it.例例13 _(tell)the whole story Having been toldTom decided not to see the film.2、词类、词义、词形转换题、词类、词义、词形转换题(n./adj./adv.)解题技巧解题技巧根据该词在句子中所作的句子成分确定用根据该词在句子中所作的句子成分确定用哪种形式哪种形式：技巧技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用作表语、定语或补语，通常用_adj.形式。形式。技巧技巧2：修饰修饰_动词、形容词、副词，动词、形容词、副词，_，作状语，用副词形，作状语，用副词形或整个句子或整个句子式。式。例例1

15、4 As I looked _ (close)at this closelygirl,I found that 例例15_(fortunate),the boy had an accident and was drowned.Unfortunately技巧技巧3：若是形容词或副词，也有可能是考若是形容词或副词，也有可能是考比较等级比较等级查其查其_1)若两者之间的比较，或者有若两者之间的比较，或者有than 就用就用比较级比较级_ 例例16 We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate

16、 in words.When it was time to leave,I said“thank you”in Korean,using some of the few words I had learned.less lonelyI felt _(lonely)than I had expected that night.less,least等构成等构成注意注意:在形容词或副词前填在形容词或副词前填_ 的降级的降级2)不出现不出现than的隐含式比较级，要的隐含式比较级，要注意语境注意语境理解理解例例17 Just up the road from my home is a field,wi

17、th two horses in it.From a distance,each horse looks like any other horse.But if closeryou get a _(close)look you will notice one of them is blind.3)若是多者之间的比较，或者有若是多者之间的比较，或者有in,of 等介等介最高级最高级词短语表示比较范围，要用词短语表示比较范围，要用_例例18 The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing coul

18、d be _(sweet).sweeter注意：否定词加比较级表示最高级的含义。注意：否定词加比较级表示最高级的含义。技巧技巧4：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，冠词或者形容词性物主代词后面用宾语，冠词或者形容词性物主代词后面用_ 名词名词 形式。形式。例例19 When China s ancient scientific achievementsand technological _(achieve)are mentioned,the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.技巧技巧5：

19、对于词义转换题，主要是考查具对于词义转换题，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思以及前后逻辑关系，在词根前面加意思以及前后逻辑关系，在词根前面加-less等等_un-/im-/in-等等或者在词根后面加或者在词根后面加_表示相反含义表示相反含义例例20 Mind chief executive Paul Farmer said focusing on problems or insecurities can lead to feeling of _(hope),hopelessnesslow self-esteem and even mild

20、 depression.考查范围考查范围1.语境语境(上下文上下文)；2.语法：动词语法：动词（时态、语态、语气、（时态、语态、语气、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级及最高级合句、形容词和副词的比较级及最高级、构词法、倒装等。、构词法、倒装等。能力要求能力要求:?词汇量词汇量构词法的变化和运用（词性转换）构词法的变化和运用（词性转换）较强的句子分析能力与语法运用能力较强的句子分析能力与语法运用能力对文章大意的理解及上下文语义、语对文章大意的理解及上下文语义、语境

21、的逻辑判断及推理能力境的逻辑判断及推理能力解题技巧：解题技巧：快速通读全文，把握中心意思。快速通读全文，把握中心意思。弄清文章的体裁和题材、写作主线。弄清文章的体裁和题材、写作主线。注意分析长句和复合句的句子结构。注意分析长句和复合句的句子结构。注意上下文的联系。注意上下文的联系。根据上下文，分析空白处应填的词语的根据上下文，分析空白处应填的词语的词性和语义。词性和语义。对所填词语的语法形式是否准确进行检查对所填词语的语法形式是否准确进行检查用括号中所给的词的适当形式填空。用括号中所给的词的适当形式填空。1.Most of the _(Africa)are still living in po

22、verty.Africans。在冠词后用名词，根据。在冠词后用名词，根据are得知，得知，主语用复数主语用复数Africans。2.China s _(develop)of economy needs more careful planning.development。在。在China s后面且作主语用，后面且作主语用，用名词。用名词。3.But Jane knew from past experience that her _(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.choice。作。作that引导从句的主语且在形容词性引导从句的主语且在形

23、容词性物主代词后一定是用名词形式。物主代词后一定是用名词形式。4.Can you tell me the_(long)of the Great Wall?length。在动词。在动词tell后作宾语，用名词。后作宾语，用名词。5.Going out for a part-time job can _(rich)one s social experience.enrich。做谓语，且因情态动词后要接动词。做谓语，且因情态动词后要接动词原形。原形。6.He is _(comfort)because he s ill.uncomfortable。在系动词。在系动词is后作表语，用形后作表语，用形容词

24、容词,根据根据he s ill，要填，要填uncomfortable。7.The boy jumped up and down_(happy)at the news.happily。修饰动词。修饰动词jumped作状语，用副词。作状语，用副词。8.The lady was broken down by a car._(fortunate)there was no one nearby.Unfortunately。在句前作状语，用副词，且。在句前作状语，用副词，且根据句意为否定意义，还要大写。根据句意为否定意义，还要大写。9.The telephone_(ring),but by the tim

25、e I got indoors,it stopped.was ringing。意思是电话在我进门之前，正意思是电话在我进门之前，正在响个不停，表示过去一段时间一直在发在响个不停，表示过去一段时间一直在发生的动作。生的动作。10.If their marketing plans succeed,they _(increase)their sales by 20 percent.will increase。条件从句用一般现在时，主句条件从句用一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时。应用一般将来时。11.He _(achieve)a lot in the field of science in the pa

26、st ten years.has achieved。主语。主语He后面为谓语，因后面为谓语，因in the past ten years要用动词的现在完成时态，要用动词的现在完成时态，故填故填has achieved。12.The first seat has been occupied but the _(two)is vacant.second。此题考查基数词变序数词，句中。此题考查基数词变序数词，句中“the first”作定语修饰作定语修饰“seat”，“the second”作主语。作主语。13.The glass doors have taken the place of the

27、wooden ones at the entrance,_(let)in the natural light during the day.letting。根据句子的主语根据句子的主语the glass doors与动与动词词let的关系可判断出要用动词的关系可判断出要用动词ing形式作结形式作结果状语。果状语。14.If there is a lot of work _(do),Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.to do。本题考查动词不定式做定语的用法。本题考查动词不定式做定语的用法。15.With the government s

28、 aid,those _(affect)by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.affected。本题考查过去分词做定语的用法。本题考查过去分词做定语的用法。16._(show)around the Water Cube,we were then taken to see the Bird s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.Having been shown。此题考查现在分词的完此题考查现在分词的完成被动式做状语的用法。成被动式做状语的用法。show与与We为被动为被动关系，且发生在主句谓语动词之

29、前，用现关系，且发生在主句谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成被动式。在分词的完成被动式。17.I know you don t like music very much.But what do you think of music in the film we saw yesterday?the。music是不可数名词，前面不使用定冠词；是不可数名词，前面不使用定冠词；但其有后置定语但其有后置定语in the film，表示特指电影中，表示特指电影中的音乐，故要加定冠词。的音乐，故要加定冠词。18.For him _ stage is just _ means of making a living

30、.the;a。The stage表示表示“舞台舞台”这一类事物。这一类事物。means单复数相同，单复数相同，a means of making a living 一种谋生的手段。一种谋生的手段。19.His efforts to raise money for his program were_vain because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.in。in vain意为意为“徒劳徒劳”。20.I began to feelhome in the new school when I saw s

31、ome familiar faces.at。表示。表示“感到像在家里一样感到像在家里一样”，是，是feel at home。21._ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger,more prosperous economy.It。it在此作形式主语，指代在此作形式主语，指代that引导的主语引导的主语从句。从句。22.To know more about the British Museum,you can use the Internet or go to the library,or _.b

32、oth。句意为。句意为“要了解更多关于英国博物馆要了解更多关于英国博物馆的信息，你可以上网或去图书馆查阅，或的信息，你可以上网或去图书馆查阅，或者两个都可以者两个都可以”。23.A person _ e-mail account is full won t be able to send or receive any e-mails.whose。先行词是。先行词是a person，与，与e-mail account是所属关系，所以用是所属关系，所以用whose。24.The reason he was late was that he missed his train.why。先行词是。先行词

33、是reason，定语从句不缺主语，定语从句不缺主语或宾语，所以选用关系副词或宾语，所以选用关系副词why。she grew older,she became more beautiful.As。as强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行，常译成行，常译成“一边一边一边一边,随着随着”。26.It is almost five years we saw each other last time.since。“自从自从”，通常主句用现在完成，通常主句用现在完成时，此句系表结构相当于完成时态。时，此句系表结构相当于完成时态。25.27.Scientists say it

34、may be five or six years it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.before。本题考查句型。本题考查句型“It is/was/will be+一一段时间段时间+before+从句从句”表示表示“过了一段过了一段时间才时间才”的用法。的用法。28.I don t care about you have money or not.whether。介词后的宾语从句或宾语从句中有。介词后的宾语从句或宾语从句中有or not时，只用时，只用whether，不用，不用if。29.Why not try your

35、 luck downtown,Bob?That s the best jobs are.where。根据句子分析，空格后面是表语从句，再。根据句子分析，空格后面是表语从句，再根据句意根据句意“那是好工作所在的地方那是好工作所在的地方”，所以应选，所以应选where。30.There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.that。同位语从句一般放在。同位语从句一般放在fact，news，idea，promise，suggestion等抽象名词之后，说明或解等抽象名词之后，说明或解释这些抽象名词

36、的具体内容。多用释这些抽象名词的具体内容。多用that引导，不引导，不能由能由which引导。引导。31.Tell me the truth,Im not going to leave the room.or。表示选择关系的有：。表示选择关系的有：or,eitheror，or表示表示“否则否则”之意。之意。32.Only then she realize how much damage had been caused.did。当一个作状语的副词、介词短语、从句。当一个作状语的副词、介词短语、从句受副词受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后面的修饰且置于句首时，其后面部分要部分倒装。部分要部分倒

37、装。33.I won t go to attend your former wife s evening party even if(invite).invited。在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与。在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可省去主句主语一致时，可省去“主语主语+be”部部分，分，even if invited=even if I m invited。34.You have no idea how she finished the relay race her foot wounded so much.with。本题考查。本题考查with复合结构之一，复合结构之一，“with宾语过去分词宾语过去分词(短语短语)”。