1、英语动词的语态Those who adhere to the principles of wisdom,have right attitudes,and true to their words and discharge their duties with responsibility are loved by people.动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示句子的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的构成：be+done(动词过去分词)we speak English.主语谓 语宾语English is spoken by us.主语谓语宾语主动
2、语态被动语态宾变主，主变宾，前加by时态主动被动一般现在时do/does现在进行时am/is/are doing现在完成时have/has done一般过去时did过去进行时was/were doing过去完成时had done一般将来时will do将来完成时will have doneam/is/are doneam/is/are being donehave/has been donewas/were donewas/were being donehad been donewill be donewill have been done某些动词主动形式表示被动意义1.表示主语的某种属性特征
3、或功能的词。如:read,write,sell,wash,clean,cook,catch,draw,cut等常与 well,badly,easily,smoothly等副词连用。e.g.The cloth washes well.(这种布耐洗)2.连系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+adj.构成系 表结构,主动表被动.eg.The steel feels cold.某些动词主动形式表示被动意义3.表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如:begin,finish
4、,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move 等主动表被动。eg.Work began at 7 oclock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.4.need/want/require doing,be worth doing,be to blame 主动表被动。The equipment in the corner requires repairing 1.This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year.A.was named
5、B.named C.is named D.names2.I need one more stamp before my collection _.A.has completedB.completes C.has been completed D.is completed3.His readingroom_yesterdayafternoon.A.cleanedB.iscleanedC.wascleaningD.wascleaned某些常见句型It is said that.据说.It is reported that.据报道.It is supposed that.据推测.It is hope
6、d that.希望.It is well-known that.众所周知.It is not decided that.尚未决定.It is believed that.人们认为.使用被动语态需要注意的问题1.感官动词或使役动词see,watch,hear,notice,feel,listen to,look at等动词后的宾语补足语要省略to，但在被动语态中要还原。主动：The boss made them work all day.被动：They were made to work all day.2.短语动词作为一个整体，不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。These children are t
7、aken good care of.使用被动语态需要注意的问题3.把复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而把宾语补足语留在谓语动词后。主动：He painted his room blue.被动：His room was painted blue.不能用被动语态的情况1.不及物动词及其短语。如 come,go,arrive,happen,rise,last,take place,belong to,take part in,break out等。2.具有喜怒、爱憎等感情色彩的词，如hate,like,prefer,love等 3.反身代词、相互代词作宾语时。eg.Pl
8、ease help yourself.4.同源宾语。如die,smile,dream等 eg.She dreamed a sweet dream.1.Visitors not to touch the exhibits.A.will request B.request C.are requesting D.are requested2.Theworkersweremade_tenhoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked3.Food_inacoolplaceinsummer.A.mustkeep B.mustntkeep C.mustbekept D.mustntbekept4.Thechildwill_backtohisparentsnextmonth.A.sentB.sendC.besentD.besending5._hiswork_yet?A.Havebeenfinished B.Hasbeenfinished C.Hasfinished D.HavefinishedTHANK YOU
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