水产渔业免疫刺激剂培训课件.pptx

1、适应性适应性免疫系统的主要成员 B淋巴细胞与抗体 辅助T淋巴细胞（Th cells)与细胞因子（cytokines)细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（cytotoxic T cells,CTL)PP感染的细胞PPP激活的补体系统自然杀伤细胞激活的NK巨噬细胞激活的MMACMACC3b激活的激活的B细胞细胞激活的激活的CTL细胞细胞APCsTh cellsActivated Th B细胞细胞CTL细胞细胞PPComparison of characteristics of chemotherapeutics,vaccines and immunostimulantsWhenEfficacySpectrum D

2、urationtherapeuticallyprophylacticallyChemo-vaccineImmuno-Pro-excellentexcellentgoodmiddlelimitedwideshortshortlong免疫刺激剂 Immunostimunants Synthetic chemicals Levamisole FK-565 Biological substances Bacterial derivatives Animal and plant extractsHClLevamisole Anthelminthic drug In mammals metabolic a

3、nd phagocytic activities of neutrophils number of phagocytes and leucocytes level of lsozyme in serumIn Coho salmon and Carp Injection of levamisole+modified Freunds complete adjuvant increased Coho salmons resistance to A.salmonicida.Injection of levamisole increased the phagocytic activity and mye

4、loperoxidase activity of neutrophils,leucocyte numbers and serum lysozyme levels in carp.In Rainbow troutInjection of levamisole（0.1-0.5mg/kg）Resistance to Vibrio anguillarum Phagocytic activity and chemiluminescance responses of leucocytes NK cell activities Concentration of complement No effects w

5、ith high dose（5mg/kg）Effects of levamisole on fish Spleen cells Phagocytic activity NBT reaction Number of antibody-producing cells High dose No stimulation Completely suppressOral administration of levamisole Leucocyte numbers Serum lysozyme levels The stimulated NBT reduction and phagocytic index

6、of phagocytic cellsImmersion of levamisole Carp in 10ug/ml for 24h Resistance to A.hydrophila Chemotactic ability of phagocytes Phagocytic activity and chemiluminescence Rainbow trout in 5ug/ml for 30min Phagocytic activity and index Specific antibody titers 2min later in A.salmonicida O-antigen bac

7、terinFK-565 FK-156 Lactoyl tetrapeptide,isolated from cultures of Streptomyces olivaceogriseus,is active against microbial infection in mice.FK-565 is the synthetic derivative of FK-156.Heptanoyl-y-D-glutamyl-(L)-meso-diaminopimelyl-(D)-alanine，庚酮-谷氨酸-内消旋-二氨基庚二基-丙氨酸FK-565 in Rainbow trout Injection

8、of FK-565 Resistance to A.salmonicida Activation of phagocytic cells Injection of FK-565 with Y.ruckeri O-antigen or A.salmonicida O-antigen Number of splenic antibody-producing cells Specific antibody titers（4）投标文件中的设备、技术参数明显不符合招标文件的要求；（3）如只是合同的一部分被终止，其他部分仍应继续执行。a.通过科学的统计方法，说明当前的生产状况、质量水平，识别生产工艺质量改

9、进重点，显示过去的工作成效；县、区负责人的监控，管理：（2）各地级市场部、人事部要培养后备干部，以备各个市场各级人员的被撤职、辞职人员进行补充，后备干部要另外登记注册，市场部对后备人员要重点培养。该类窗口主要指地区、(往来)单位类别、商品类别及会计科目等资料中要求进行数据分级的编辑窗口。单击左边树状窗口中的类别，然后就可以在右边列表状窗口中对该类所属的基础资料进行编辑操作。（3）由买方委托经卖方认可的法定质量检测机构进行验收，验收合格后由法定质量检测机构出具验收报告。验收费用由买方承担，另行支付。5.1.2 统计方法选定的原则2.4充装前要对瓶体进行检查，检查外表面及其焊缝是否存在缺陷、阀座、

10、塞座是否有裂纹、倾斜、塌陷等。(二)团组织申报。拟进行换届的团组织，向同级党组织和上级团委提出开展竞争上岗的申请，经同意后按照领导小组办公室的统一安排组织实施。4.6.2岗位职责范围，应知应会；Polysaccharides-glucan Chitin Chitosan Oligosaccharide Lentinan SchizophyllanBeta-1,3-D glucanZymosan 酵母聚糖 The nude cell wall of saccharomyces cerevisiae 1940s Dr.Pillemer Louis Anti-tumor effect in mous

11、e Proteins,lipids and other impurities Toxity and side-effectsZymocell Purified-1,3-D glucan Anti-diabetes Anti-high-lipids Anti-infection after high risk operation Increase of marrow and white blood cells after lethal radiationpurity 85%or higher slightly beige very fine particulate free from prote

12、ins and lipids-Glucan genuineMechanism of UptakeParticulates of 2 um in diameter could be easily engulfed bymacrophages.Beta Glucan Enhances Four Keys Immune Responses Production of white blood cells that destroy pathogens.Cellular mobilization WBC to the site of a foreign challenge.Phagocytic capac

13、ity or the ability to engulf non-self cells.Production of reactive oxygen intermediates and other agents that kill the foreigners.Beta Glucan StimulatesPost-Radiation Hematopoietic Recovery in MiceBeta Glucan StimulatesPost-Radiation Hematopoietic Recovery in Mice-1,3-D glucan Increases Phagocytic C

14、apacity of Human Innate Immune Cells多糖的分子量8kDa500kDa多糖的分枝度分支度在0.20.33抗肿瘤的效果最佳。2、企业团(总)支部委员会对递交入党申请书一个月以上的团员青年，在广泛听取所在企业或岗位团员、青年意见的基础上，写出考察意见，并征得所在企业党组织意见后，经团(总)支部委员会讨论，确定为推优对象，报上级团委确认后，填写优秀团员、青年入党积极分子推荐表,由上级团委向企业党组织推荐；39.招标人在签署合同时更改数量的权利4.5及时完成领导交待的其他各项工作。40.招标代理机构接受或拒绝任何投标的权力交款方式：磋商保证金可以以转账、支票、汇票、本

15、票或者金融机构出具的保函等非现金形式提交，所有递交方式均以到帐时间为准。在玩具城的卖场应该避免设置桌子等物品。因为桌子有棱角，小朋友玩的时候如果不注意就会碰得头破血流。这样，小孩子以后再也不会来，而且还告诉街坊邻居和亲朋好友不再来了。因此，安全性是玩具城服务规划的重点，要提供安全的建筑和设备，尤其不能伤害到孩子。【自检】发生下列情形时，在买方对卖方违约而采取的任何补救措施不受影响的情况下，用书面形式通知卖方，提出终止全部或部分合同。27.3 本合同第27.1条款所列举的任何文件，除了合同本身以外，均应属于是买方的财产。当买方提出要求时，卖方在履行合同后应将上述文件退还给买方。4.3掌握当天的生

16、产动态、设备运行情况，及时解决生产中的问题。6、充装检查员岗位职责8.4.2 对内报表的增加与废止Beta Glucan in aquaculture 与体液因子及免疫细胞的特异受体结合与体液因子及免疫细胞的特异受体结合 15-30mg/kg体重或0.5-1g/kg饲料 In fish 促进M向病灶转移，ROS，抗病毒、抗应激 显著提高疫苗效价 In shellfish PO（酚氧化酶原系统）activity 通过多种途径参与机体的防御反应附：虾蟹贝类的免疫系统 Hemocytes prophenoloxidase phenoloxidase,PO氧化酪氨酸、二羟基苯丙氨酸等生成苯醌中间产物最

17、终生成黑色素Oyster hemocytePeptidoglycan&LipopolysaccharidePeptidoglycanMechanisms of Peptidoglycan In vertebrates Activate T&B lymphocytes Activate phagocytes Activate complete system 通过血小板溶解释放多种药理活性物质 诱发抗体的产生和补体的生成Effects of Peptidoglycan in aquaculture 混饲（6-60mg/kg体重或0.2-2g/kg饲料）降低条件致病菌感染引起的死亡率，预防病毒感染，

18、防御寄生虫侵袭。与抗生素合用具有协同作用。作为疫苗的佐剂增强抗原细胞的信号分子被有效呈递，促进淋巴细胞产生抗体。促进机体生长，提高生长率、存活率、饲料利用率。Effects of Peptidoglycan in Fish 从嗜热双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium thermophilum）细胞壁中提取的肽聚糖，提高 虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）对弧菌病、五条鰤（Seriola quinqueradiata）对链球菌病和日本对虾（Penaeus japonicus）对弧菌病与病毒性血症的抵抗力。Effects of Peptidoglycan in Shrimp 促进小

19、颗粒细胞脱粒、抗菌肽的分泌 激发细胞黏附、包囊作用 促进ROS生成 提高透明细胞的吞噬功能 激活丝氨酸蛋白酶原，激活酚氧化酶系统。Lipopolysaccharide,LPS 脂多糖Mechanisms of LPS 淋巴细胞有丝分裂原 巨噬细胞激活剂，M ROS 嗜菌作用 刺激对虾防御细胞的功能（嗜菌、黑色素沉着、包囊和凝结）注射0.01-0.05mg/kg体重 混饲6-60mg/kg体重或0.2-2g/kg饲料LPS of A.stenohalis Achromobacter stenohalis,isolated from sea water.In mouse,macrophages,B

20、-lymphocytes,Anti-tumor effects In white-spotted char Inject with inactivated A.stenohalis Chemiluminescent responses of kidney cells,Complement activation,Resistance to A.salmonicida challengeMuramyl dipeptide,MDP 胞壁酰二肽，Derived from Mycobacterium In coho salmon:injection of MDP+modified Freunds inc

21、omplete adjuvant，47-fold increase in resistance to A.salmonicida In rainbow trout:injection of MDP-Lys Phagocytic activities,respiratory burst and migration activities of kidney leucocytes；Resistance to A.salmonicida Chitin and Chitosan3三工并存、动态转换7、推荐优秀团干部至少在同级职务两年以上。11.1 本合同货物按照本标书第二章“前附表”中规定的以下第_种方

22、式进行验收：(五)理论考试。由领导小组办公室组织竞岗人员参加理论知识、团的业务知识和时事政治知识笔试，统一阅卷评分。笔试成绩满分为100分，占竞争上岗总成绩的30%。(13)除本合同规定以外，业主方负责外部关系的协调。6.5 对裸装合同货物应以金属标签注明上述内容，裸装合同货物的装箱单应集中包装，随合同货物发运。【案例】9.4.2 供应商在采购活动中有违法、违纪行为的；7衡量标准台积电的企业文化可以概括为四个信条：坚持高度的职业道德，维护企业机密，忠于职守，专注于积电制造服务本业。这四个信条的核心含义是：忠于顾客、忠于企业、忠于专业、忠于自我。2、验收合格凭验收单及收款收据退还押金。2.9对容

23、器的检验（查）人员、操作人员进行安全技术教育和技术考核工作。Effects of chitin and chitosan in Fish Injection,immersion or oral administration Chitin Rainbow trout Phagocytic activity，Resistance to Vibrio anguillarum，yellowtail Resistance to P.piscicida Adjuvant effects Chitosan:de-N-acetylated chitin Rainbow trout，NBT，myeloperox

24、idase，total Ig concentration brook trout Resistance to A.salmonicida适应性适应性免疫系统的主要成员 B淋巴细胞与抗体 辅助T淋巴细胞（Th cells)与细胞因子（cytokines)细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（cytotoxic T cells,CTL)激活的激活的B细胞细胞激活的激活的CTL细胞细胞APCsTh cellsActivated Th B细胞细胞CTL细胞细胞PPEffects of levamisole on fish Spleen cells Phagocytic activity NBT reaction Num

25、ber of antibody-producing cells High dose No stimulation Completely suppressPeptidoglycanMechanisms of LPS 淋巴细胞有丝分裂原 巨噬细胞激活剂，M ROS 嗜菌作用 刺激对虾防御细胞的功能（嗜菌、黑色素沉着、包囊和凝结）注射0.01-0.05mg/kg体重 混饲6-60mg/kg体重或0.2-2g/kg饲料Muramyl dipeptide,MDP 胞壁酰二肽，Derived from Mycobacterium In coho salmon:injection of MDP+modified Freunds incomplete adjuvant，47-fold increase in resistance to A.salmonicida In rainbow trout:injection of MDP-Lys Phagocytic activities,respiratory burst and migration activities of kidney leucocytes；Resistance to A.salmonicida