1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Module 3 Adventure in Literature and the Cinema 主旨大意题之标题归纳题 (阅读理解 ) 方法指导 在阅读理解中 ,确定文章标题时通常采用中心句法。通读文章找到文章的中心句 ,根据中心句的关键词锁定最佳标题。同时 ,确定最佳标题时还要注意下面两个问题 : 1)文章标题的确定要在原文的基础上 ,首先仔细考虑所要确定的标题与文章的中心思想是否有密切的关系 ;其次看它对文章的概括性或覆盖性如何 ;最后要注意题目是过大或过小。 2)确定文章的标题要避免下列三种错误 :(1) 概括不 够 ,以部分代整体。 (2) 过度概括 ,即选
2、择的标题太过于笼统 ,从而无形中扩大了范围而导致不能对应材料的主旨大意。 (3) 以事实、细节替代抽象的主旨大意。 典例引领 (2016 全国卷 ,D) The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence ma
3、y be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙 )with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basi
4、c part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示 ) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cu
5、ltures, silence is a call for reflection. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreeme
6、nt between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particular
7、ly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients
8、 silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈 )value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 1.What does the author say about silence in conversations? A.It impli
9、es anger. B.It promotes friendship. C.It is culture-specific. D.It is content-based. 2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A.The Chinese. B.The French. C.The Mexicans. D.The Russians. 3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A.Let it con
10、tinue as the patient pleases. B.Break it while treating patients. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 C.Evaluate its harm to patients. D.Make use of its healing effects. 4.What may be the best title for the text? A.Sound and Silence B.What It Means to Be Silent C.Silence to Native Americans D.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is
11、 Gold 方法运用 语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了沉默在不同风俗中所表达的不同意义及其在医疗方面的作用。 1.C 推理判断题。根据文章前三段可知沉默在不同风俗中所表达的含义不同 ,由此可判断在谈话中的沉默是有风俗特性的 ,故选 C 项。 2.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知正如一些传统的中国人和泰国人做的那样 ,许多印第安人重视沉默 ,认为沉默是交流的一个基本的部分。并且在这些风俗里 ,沉默是一个思考的需要。根据第二段的 Chinese and Thai persons 可将 B、 C、 D 排除。 3.D 事实细节题。根据文章最后一段可知护士和其他护理人员要明白沉默的治疗价值 ,并且使用这种方式帮助来自自己风俗的或其他风俗的病人 ,故选 D 项。其他三项文中未提到。 4.B 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是沉默在各个风俗中所表达的不同意义及其在医疗方面的作用 ,故选 B 项 ,意为 “ 沉默的意义 ” 。 A 项 “ 声音和沉默 ”, 文中未提及声音。 C 项显然只是说美国人 ,有些片面。 D 项 “ 说话是银 ,沉默是金 ”, 与文章内容不符。 -温馨提示： - 本文档仅为 【 全套资料之一 】 ，欢迎点击下方按钮链接，下载全套资料！ 请点此到 下载本文全套资料
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