孔子英文介绍PPt1课件.ppt

1、 A Great educator&ThinkerWinston SunConfucius(born Kong Qiu,styled Zhong Ni)was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu in 551 B.C.,a poor descendant of a deposed noble family.As a child,he held make-believe temple rituals;as a young adult,he quickly earned a reputation for fairness,politene

2、ss and love of learning,and he was reputed to be quite tall.He traveled extensively and studied at the imperial capital,Zhou,where he is said to have met and spoke with Lao Zi,the founder of Daoism.孔子孔子(名秋名秋 字仲尼字仲尼),鲁国人鲁国人，出生于出生于551BC 35岁，逃往齐国岁，逃往齐国 50岁，大政司司长岁，大政司司长 56岁，离开齐国岁，离开齐国 67岁，回到鲁国岁，回到鲁国 72岁

3、，逝世岁，逝世 Educator Thinker Statesman Philosopher Founder of the Confucian school and Confucianism Symbol of Chinese culture2023/1/55educationEducationHe established first private school in China and accepted the students from everywhere.Subjects:Manners,Music,Literature,Riding,Archery and Mathematics(

4、礼，乐，射，御，书，数）He have 3000 students.Among them,72 became famous scholars.Winston SunHis Philosophy of Education Education target:the first person to open a private school to common people Course content:morality,proper speech,government,the refined arts Pedagogicalpedgdikl methods:He poses questions,o

5、r uses apt analogies,and waits for his students to arrive at the right answers.Education goal:to create superior menHis Philosophy of Education 有教无类。In teaching people,there is no discrimination(of class,type,etc.)学而不厌，诲人不倦。Learning without satiety,instructing others without being wearied.三人行,必有我师焉：

6、择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。When three men are walking together,there is one who can be my teacher.I pick out peoples good and follow it.When I see their bad points,I correct them in myself.His Philosophy of Education 温故而知新,可以为师矣。Reviewing what you have learned and learning anew,you are fit to be a teacher.学而不思

7、则罔,思而不学则殆。Learning without thinking leads to confusion;thinking without learning ends in danger.知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。To prefer it is better than only to know it.To delight in it is better than merely to prefer it.His Philosophy of Education 子贡问曰：“孔文子何以谓之文也？”子曰：“敏而好学，不耻下问，是以谓之文也。”Zi Gong asked:“Why was

8、Kong Wen Zi called Wen?”Confucius replied:“He was quick and devoted to learning,and not ashamed to asked those below him.That is why he is called Wen”.知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。What you know,you know,what you dont know,you dont know.This is knowledge.His Philosophy of Education 不愤不启,不悱不发。举一隅不以三隅反,则不复也。If a st

9、udent is not eager,I wont teach him;if he is not struggling with the truth,I wont reveal it to him.If I lift up one corner and he cant come back with the other three,I wont do it again.诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。An apt quotation from Book of Poetry can stimulate the imagination,endow one with breeding,enable

10、 one to live in a community,and give expression to grievances.孔子孔子杰出弟子英文.pptConfucius&ConfucianismuAlso named as Master KongHumanity （仁）（仁）Righteousness (义义)Ritual（礼）（礼）Knowledge （智）（智）integrity（信）（信）Loyalty （忠）（忠）Filial piety（孝）（孝）uTop 10 key thinkers in the world （1984）about ConfuciusWinston SunMa

11、in article:Ren（Humanity）(a concept central to Confucianism)Love of peopleOnes parentsThe peopleEverything in the world(universal love)仁义礼智信 不学礼无以立Dont learn ritual indescribable made 身修而后家齐身修而后家齐The persons being cultivated,the families were regulated.家齐而后国治家齐而后国治The families being regulated,the Sta

12、tes were rightly governed.国治而后天下平国治而后天下平The States being rightly governed,the entire world was at peace.Li(礼)Li has two meanings:Propriety:a set of manners or knowledge of how to behave in a given situation.Ritual:when life is detailed to Confucius lengths it becomes completely ordered.Li(礼)不学礼，无以立。

13、If you dont learn li you will have no structure.道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。If you govern the people legalistically and control them by punishment,they will avoid crime,but have no personal sense of shame.If you govern them by means of virtue and control them with propriety,they will gain their o

14、wn sense of shame,and thus correct themselves.Confucianism:Canon 经典 Four Books 四书 Analects 论语 Mencius 孟子 The Great Learning 大学 The Mean 中庸己所不欲，勿施于人。What you do not want done to yourself,do not do to others.四海之内皆兄弟也；All Men Are Brothers.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎；Is it not delightful to have friends coming from dis

15、tant quarters?德不孤，必有邻；Virtue is not left to stand alone.He who practices it will have neighbors.礼之用，和为贵。The most valuable use of the rites is to achieve harmony.Confuciuss sayings：2.Keep what you say and carry out what you do.3.When I walk along with two others,they may serve me as my teachers.I wil

16、l select their good qualities and follow them,their bad qualities and avoid them。三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。1.By nature,men are nearly alike;by practice,they get to be wide apart 性相近也，习相远也。2.Keep what you say and carry out what you do.3.When I walk along with two others,they may serve me as my teache

17、rs.I will select their good qualities and follow them,their bad qualities and avoid them。三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。言必信，行必果。Confucian quotesConfucian quotes1.By nature,men are nearly alike;by 1.By nature,men are nearly alike;by practice,they get to be wide apartpractice,they get to be wide apart。性相近也

18、，习相远也。2.Keep what you say and carry out what you Keep what you say and carry out what you do.do.言必信，行必果。3.When I walk along with two others,they 3.When I walk along with two others,they may serve me as my teachers.I will select may serve me as my teachers.I will select their good qualities and follo

19、w them,their good qualities and follow them,their bad qualities and avoid themtheir bad qualities and avoid them。三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。4.Learning without thought is labor lost;thought without learning is perilous.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。5.If a man take no thought about what is distant,he will find sorrow

20、near at hand.人无远虑，必有近忧。6.Those whose courses are different cannot lay plans for one another.道不同，不相为谋。The Master said,To learn and then do,is not that a pleasure?When friends come from afar do we not rejoice?To live unknown and not fret,is not that to be a gentleman?子曰：学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自子曰：学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自

21、远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？亦君子乎？三人行必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。三人行必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。When traveling in company of two other people,I could find my teachers;I would learn from their good points and guard against their bad ones.Confucius said，“He can be a teacher who finds what is new in revi

22、ewing what is old.”子曰：子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。温故而知新，可以为师矣。”Confucius said，“He can be a teacher who finds what is new in reviewing what is old.”子曰：子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。温故而知新，可以为师矣。”Intelligent and fond of learning,he was not ashamed to ask and learn from his inferiors.敏而好学，不耻下问。敏而好学，不耻下问。-“What one does not wish

23、for oneself,one ought not to do to anyone else;what one recognizes as desirable for oneself,one ought to be willing to grant to others.(Confucius and Confucianism,Richard Wilhelm)Winston Sun孔子与老子思想比较异同孔子与老子思想比较异同 孔子和老子是古代中国伟大的思想家和教育家，孔子和老子是古代中国伟大的思想家和教育家，他们的教育思想集中体现在其代表作他们的教育思想集中体现在其代表作论语论语和和老子老子中。中

24、。孔子的思想核心是：重视孔子的思想核心是：重视“仁仁”、强调、强调“礼礼”，主张，主张“中庸之道中庸之道”；老老子的思想核心是子的思想核心是“道道”，主张，主张“道法自然道法自然”，提倡自然之道，尊重自然，回到自然的状态，提倡自然之道，尊重自然，回到自然的状态，老子的思想中处处渗透着老子的思想中处处渗透着“自然主义自然主义”。孔子和老子在实现普遍和谐的路径上虽然都提孔子和老子在实现普遍和谐的路径上虽然都提出了独特的见解，并且殊途同归，但毕竟在思出了独特的见解，并且殊途同归，但毕竟在思维方式和理论的诠释上存在一定的分歧。维方式和理论的诠释上存在一定的分歧。二二 战争观念战争观念 老子和孔子都是生

25、活在春秋时期。那时诸侯争霸，战争十分频繁。孔子和老子在战争观上有相同的观点：反对暴力、拥护正义战争、主张“慎战”。但在方法论上却有明显的区别。战争观念 孔子 孔子十分强调军事教育的必要性和重要性 孔子认为勇主要是来自于对“义”的追求。孔子所谓孔子所谓“义义”，一，一是指仁义，另一方面是指是指仁义，另一方面是指礼义，只有懂得礼义，只有懂得“义义”，战士们不仅勇敢，而且还战士们不仅勇敢，而且还会会“死而无怨死而无怨”。老子 老子认为各种事物都有对立面。如“祸兮，福之所倚；福兮，祸之所伏”等等。提出提出“柔弱胜刚强柔弱胜刚强”的反的反命题。命题。“善胜敌者，不与”，善于胜敌的人，不与敌人短兵相接 要

26、求从战略上取胜。要求从战略上取胜。(二)孔子 ：最具特色的是因材施教和最具特色的是因材施教和循循善诱；循循善诱；老子老子 ：最具特色的教学方法是：最具特色的教学方法是“不言之教不言之教”。One of the most famous people in ancient China This Chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law,life,Confucius is famous for his philosoph

27、y because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature,the world,and the human behavior.三孔 1.Confucius Temple(孔庙）2.Confucius Mansion（孔府）3.Confucius Forest（孔林）Confucian temple,is sacrificial offering Kong Zi and its Madame Qi Guanshi and 72 talented peoples pl

28、ace.The Confucian temple beginning constructs in 478 B.C.,the second year which Kong Zi died constructs the temple Most Japanese homes still keep ancestral tablets(牌位牌位)and altars(祭坛祭坛)in their homesA lot of numerous honorific terms and phrases of respect（敬语）（敬语）and consideration in JapaneseNeo-Conf

29、ucianism in JapanConfucianism in South KoreaToday the legacy of Confucianism remains a fundamental part of Korean society.The most important ceremonies of Korean Confucianism were those that celebrated the coming of age,marriage,death.The examples of Singapore-where Confucius is acknowledged as the one who has provided them with their economic and social policies,even by Senior Minister and former prime minister Lee Kuan YewWinston Sun