题型二 第一节 判断正误型 2021年中考英语复习（ppt课件）（外研版）（广西）.pptx

1、重难题型攻关第三部分 题型二阅读理解重难技能重难技能 讲练讲练命题点命题点1推理判断推理判断所谓推理判断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息，即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。命命题题分分析析 常见设问方式：(1)What can we learn from the test？(2020北部湾经济区69题)(2)What can you learn from the passage？(2020贵港59题)(3)What might you learn from the passage？(2020贺州57

2、题)(4)We can possibly infer according to the passage that _(2020桂林75题)(5)From the second story,we can infer(推断)that _(2020玉林47题)(6)You can probably find the information in _(2020柳州65题)方式方式1事实推断事实推断(北部湾经济区：每年必考北部湾经济区：每年必考12道道)这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，首先要在文章中找出足以推断的相关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要理解字里行间的意思。例(

3、2020北部湾经济区阅读理解D篇节选)Robinsons team invited 15 volunteers to do a test.They were required to sit in a driving machine.And the researchers kept watching their HRV(心率变异度)a wellknown indicator(标志)of sleepiness.Over the course of two 60minute periods,volunteers were tested once with vibrations(振动)and once

4、 without.In the period with vibrations,their HRVs were much lower compared with the period without vibrations.During 15 minutes,volunteers showed signs of sleepiness.During 30 minutes,that sleepiness was very easy to be noticed increasing up until the end of the test.典例精析 69What can we learn from th

5、e test?AWith vibrations,the volunteers HRVs increased up.BThe volunteers HRVs didnt change during the whole test.CThe volunteers with low HRVs showed signs of sleepiness.DThe researchers got the same result after the test with two periods.【精析】由本段中的“In the period with vibrations,their HRVs were much

6、lower compared with the period without vibrations.During 15 minutes,volunteers showed signs of sleepiness.”可知，心率变异度低的志愿者表现出嗜睡的迹象。故选C。活学巧练Passage 2(2020玉林阅读理解A篇节选)The Best PresentSam thanked his grandmother for the set of drums she bought him for his birthday.“Theyre the best present,Grandma！”he said

7、.“Theyve already helped me make some money.”“Wow！”said his grandmother.“You must have learned to play them really well！”“Not really，”said the boy.“But Mom gives me$5 asking me not to play them during the day,and Dad gives me$5 asking me not to play them in the evening.”47From the story,we can infer(

8、推断)that _ASam was good at playing drumsBSams parents didnt enjoy the sound of his drumsCSams grandmother couldnt play the drums wellDSam would give the drums back to his grandmother【精析】由本段最后一句“But Mom gives me$5 asking me not to play them during the day,and Dad gives me$5 asking me not to play them

9、in the evening.”可知，Sam的母亲和父亲都不想让他敲鼓，由此可推断他们都不喜欢他的鼓声。故选B。活学巧练Passage 1(2020桂林阅读理解D篇)This summer I attended my first music festival.Unlike most of the festivalgoers,we didnt buy tickets.Instead,we volunteered as festival stewards.We each worked 3 shiftseach shift was 8 hours longin exchange for a free

10、 ticket to the festival.Leeds Festival is a large music festival which takes place yearly at the end of August,and thousands of people attend it each year.There were several different stages,each catering for a different music taste:rock,pop,alternative and dance.As well as the fantastic music on of

11、fer,there were also funfair rides,food outlets and a silent disco.I loved silent discos:everyone had a set of headphones with two channels and music was played through the headphones.As a result,people could dance and sing along to completely different songs!While we werent working,we were free to e

12、njoy the festival.We saw a wide variety of artists across the weekend.I really enjoyed seeing Imagine Dragons,Vampire Weekend and,of course,Arctic Monkeys.We camped for five nights and it was freezing every night!However,we had a really nice campsite.I had a great time and would definitely be return

13、ing the next year!()75.We can possibly infer according to the passage that _ALeeds Festival usually lasts six daysBPeople can enjoy delicious food silently in Leeds FestivalCthe writer was satisfied with the weather in Leeds FestivalDthe writer enjoyed seeing Arctic Monkeys since he liked alternativ

14、e musicAPassage 2(2020贺州阅读理解B篇节选)Thanks for spending these years together with my family.It has taught me how to be responsible and unselfish.Not only should I look after myself,but also I should pay attention to my family.()57.What might you learn from the passage?ABe responsible.BBe unselfish.CBe

15、responsible and confident.DBe responsible and unselfish.DPassage 3(2020贵港阅读理解A篇节选)There are facts about the amazing game.The earliest form of soccer was from China.It was called cuju(蹴鞠).Players had to kick a ball into a net.They couldnt use their hands.But modern soccer was invented in England.In 1

16、863,the English Football Association was set up.It made the rules of modern soccer.Scotland(苏格兰)and England played the first official(官方的)international soccer match in 1872.The score of the match was 00.About 4，000 people enjoyed it.The first soccer match shown on TV was in 1937.Soccer players run a

17、n average(平均)of 6 miles,about 10，000 meters,during every game.()59.What can you learn from the passage?AModern soccer was invented in Scotland.BWorld Soccer Day was celebrated in Brazil.CSoccer is just a simple game for many people.DThe history of soccer in China is longer than that in England.D方式方式

18、2指代推断指代推断(北部湾经济区：北部湾经济区：4年年3考考)确定代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题的常见题目。要确定代词指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式应与被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象的一个辅助标志。例(2020北部湾经济区阅读理解D篇节选)Why?Its all about the information going to your brain.On a bus,your senses give you continuous(持续的)and repeating information.For example,the air cond

19、itioner and engine(引擎)create continuous white noise.At the same time,youre sitting still and the things around you dont change.The vibrations of the engine are also continuous.Your brain has almost no new information to deal with.典例精析 The repeating information will make your brain enter a lowenergy

20、state.The fact that you fall asleep quickly when closing your eyes on a bus is because your brain gets used to all of it 68What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 4 refer to(指的是)?AA lowenergy state.BThe noisy environment.CThe repeating information.DSomeone sleeping in the seat.【精析】由语境可知，你在公交车上

21、入睡快是因为重复信息使你的大脑适应了低能量的状态，此处的it指代文中的“a lowenergy state”。故选A。Passage 1(2020衡阳阅读理解E篇节选)Recently researchers at the University of Sussex,UK,studied social media users ranging from 10 to 15 years old.They found that they can be divided into four personality types.()41.What does the underlined word“they”i

22、n Paragraph 2 refer to?AResearchers at the University of Sussex,UK.BSocial media users ranging from 10 to 15 years old.CResearchers and social media users ranging from 10 to 15 years old.活学巧练BPassage 22020黄冈阅读理解(3)节选 The movable type printing plays an important role in Chinese culture.With the help

23、of it,Chinese culture spread around the world more quickly.At the same time,the movable type printing was widely used in the world at that time.As a result,more and more culture communication among countries took place.()63.What does the word“it”in Paragraph 4 refer to?AThe compass.BGunpowder.CThe p

24、apermaking.DThe movable type printing.D Passage 3(2020常德阅读理解B篇节选)My parents have kept lots of pets since I was little.Weve experienced many things together,good and bad,happy and sad.Those stories have always stayed in my mind.One day,I will share them with people by drawing and writing books.()6.Wh

25、at does the underlined word“them”mean?APets.BStories.CBooks.B命题点命题点2词义猜测词义猜测阅读理解文章中对生词的考查，有的是考查对文章理解非常重要的超纲词汇，还有的是考查一词多义的单词在文中的含义，要求考生通过阅读文章，推测该词在句中的确切含义。做此类题时，要从被考查词汇所处的语境和上下文的联系进行分析。当找不到以上叙述的线索时，可利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的分析，进而推测出词义。命命题题分分析析(北部湾经济区：4年5考)常见设问方式如下：(1)What does the underlined word“provocation

26、”in Paragraph mean in Chinese？(2020北部湾经济区62题)(2)What does the underlined phrase“sense of responsibility”mean in Chinese？(2020北部湾经济区卷65题)(3)What does the underlined word“hospitable”mean in this passage？(2020百色65题)(4)What does the underlined word“amuse”in the second paragraph mean？(2020贺州55题)(5)The un

27、derlined word“free”in Paragraph 4 means _(2020桂林72题)(6)The underlined word“irate”in Paragraph 2 means _ in Chinese.(2020柳州60题)例1(2020北部湾经济区阅读理解C篇节选)Humor can help you when you are under provocation Sometimes,people make trouble on purpose.One day the famous German poet Goethe met a critic(批评家)in a s

28、mall road.The critic said to Goethe.“You know,Ive never given a way to a stupid man.”Goethe answered,“But I am the opposite of you.”Then he moved on his side and let the critic pass by.As you see,humor gives a lesson to those who want to laugh at others.典例精析62What does the underlined word“provocatio

29、n”in Paragraph mean in Chinese?A挑衅B感化C怂恿D教训【精析】由后文所讲的德国诗人歌德的故事可知，此处指的是遇到别人找事的情况。分析四个备选项，“挑衅”符合语境。故选A。例2(2020北部湾经济区卷阅读理解C篇节选)I also developed a new hobbyI planted a pot(盆)of flowers.Because of my care,it is growing very well now.I think growing flowers can cultivate(培养)my sense of responsibility.典例精析

30、65What does the underlined phrase“sense of responsibility”mean in Chinese?A责任感 B成就感C鉴赏力 D想象力【精析】由前面的“I planted a pot(盆)of flowers.Because of my care,it is growing very well now.”可知，“我”种了一盆花，因为“我”的照顾，花现在长得很好。分析四个备选项可知，“责任感”符合语境。故选A。Passage 1(2020贺州阅读理解B篇节选)After he was born,I almost became a babysitt

31、er.I had to amuse him after school.I would make faces and sing to him when he was crying.Sometimes I even carried him everywhere in our yard to cheer him up while my parents were busy.What I liked to do best was to feed him when looking after him.How cute he was as he tasted his favorite food!My par

32、ents often praised me happily.As an elder brother,youve made contributions to looking after your younger brother.活学巧练()55.What does the underlined word“amuse”in the passage mean?A令开心 B令生气C令讨厌 D开玩笑APassage 2(2020桂林阅读理解桂林阅读理解D篇节选篇节选)While we werent working,we were free to enjoy the festival.We saw a w

33、ide variety of artists across the weekend.I really enjoyed seeing Imagine Dragons,Vampire Weekend and,of course,Arctic Monkeys.()72.The underlined word“free”in paragraph 4 means _A免费的 B随便的，随意的C空闲的，空余的 D不被打扰的BPassage 3(2020贵港阅读理解B篇节选)He Jiao is a student from Dafang,Guizhou.In 2015,when she was admit

34、ted(录取)to Tsinghua University,her family were nervous about her tuition fees.Her father made no more than 1，000 yuan a month.()62.What do the underlined words“tuition fees”mean in Chinese?A智力B交际C学费D前途CPassage 4(2020百色阅读理解C篇节选)China is a nation of etiquette(礼仪).Chinese people are the most hospitable

35、people in the world.If foreigners visit a Chinese family,they would be surprised at the warmth that they would receive as guests.()65.What does the underlined word“hospitable”mean in this passage?A救死扶伤的 B艰苦朴素的C热情好客的 D善良仁慈的CPassage 5(2020柳州阅读理解B篇节选)The grandfather went on，“There are two tigers inside

36、 my heart.One is good.He gets on well with everyone around him.But the other is bad.Even the smallest thing will make him irate.He fights with others all the time,for no reason.He cant think carefully because he always hates others.It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart.They b

37、oth try to control me.”()60.The underlined word“irate”in Paragraph 2 means _ in Chinese.A敏感的B暴怒的C嫉妒的BPassage 6(2020玉林阅读理解B篇节选)Yet,wind energy has some disadvantages.One of the disadvantages is that the large spinning blades(螺旋桨叶)of the wind turbines can be dangerous to birds.The second is that the t

38、urbines also create noise pollution.The sound may make the people nearby uncomfortable.The third,wind can not provide a constant supply(供应)of energy.Even the windiest places on Earth are sometimes peaceful.Without a strong wind,wind turbines are not able to produce electricity.That means wind power

39、isnt suitable as the only resource of electricity.()52.The underlined word“constant”means _ in Chinese.A连续的 B短暂的C无害的 D一次性的APassage 7(2020广东阅读理解B篇节选)However,from 2012 to 2016,poaching(偷猎)and illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly.Eightythree elephants were lost in 2015 alone,and another fif

40、tyone elephants were killed in 2016.“If this situation goes on,all the Gourma elephants will be killed by 2020，”said a member of MEP.()57.What does the word“illegal”in the passage mean in Chinese?A公平的 B亏损的C非法的 D合理的C命题点命题点3主旨大意主旨大意主旨大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章或段落进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这类题时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义。在涉及文章的主题

41、(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(ending)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。命命题题分分析析(北部湾经济区：4年4考)常见设问方式：(1)Whats the main idea of the passage？(2020北部湾经济区70题)(2)Whats the main idea of the third paragraph(段)？(2020玉林51题)(3)What is the passage mainly about?(4)The passage is about_

42、(5)The last paragraph mainly talks about_(6)What does the passage mainly talk about?(7)The passage mainly tells us that _分析近五年广西中考英语真题，一般考查的主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，要求考生根据文章的细节来分析、概括出文章的主题。具体方法是：明确各个段落的内容，以及它们之间的逻辑关系，寻找共同点，然后加以归纳总结形成主题。例1(2020北部湾经济区阅读理解D篇)If youve ever taken a bus,youve probably

43、found someone sleeping in the seat near you.Maybe this even happens to you.You might think you need more coffee,but it wont help much.The natural vibration(震动)of buses and subways makes us feel sleepy,according to a new story in Science Alert.典例精析Why?Its all about the information going to your brain

44、.On a bus,your senses give you continuous(持续的)and repeating information.For example,the air conditioner and engine(引擎)create continuous white noise.At the same time,youre sitting still and the things around you dont change.The vibrations of the engine are also continuous.Your brain has almost no new

45、 information to deal with.The repeating information will make your brain enter a lowenergy state.The fact that you fall asleep quickly when closing your eyes on a bus is because your brain gets used to all of it“When youre tired,it doesnt take much to start nodding off.But weve found that as you dri

46、ve,the gentle vibrations made by car seats can make you sleepy.”said Stephen Robinson,a researcher from the RMIT University in Melbourne,Australia.Robinsons team invited 15 volunteers to do a test.They were required to sit in a driving machine.And the researchers kept watching their HRV(心率变异度)a well

47、known indicator(标志)of sleepiness.Over the course of two 60minute periods,volunteers were tested once with vibrations and once without.In the period with vibrations,their HRVs were much lower compared with the period without vibrations.During 15 minutes,volunteers showed signs of sleepiness.During 30

48、 minutes,that sleepiness was very easy to be noticed increasing up until the end of the test.This line of research can offer help in the development of the car industry.Robinson believed the research could be helpful for improving road safety.“We hope that future car seats can be built to fight agai

49、nst vibration and to make the sleepiness weaker，”he said.70Whats the main idea of the passage?AIt shows the way people usually sit on the bus.BIt describes a scientific test by Robinsons team.CIt suggests improving road safety to car industry.DIt explains what causes peoples sleepiness on buses.【精析】

50、通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了人们为什么坐公交车容易睡着这一现象。故选D。例2(2020百色阅读理解D篇节选)Different activities can be planned to teach kids the importance of staying healthy.Some simple reading materials can let the kids know about their bodies.Also,playing games about brushing teeth,having meals is very useful and funny for kids.Cert