1、2期:活动性(active)-G0 T0 M0临床表现、组织学表现与A 期相似同位素扫描:摄取增加,范围扩大,但限于病灶的原发间室内相当于Broders 2、3、4级组织学:基质分化好,不同程度的成熟度,可能有细胞核深染,但无细胞学恶性表现,可能有核分裂相,病变可穿破假包膜,可见卫星灶B 期 G1T2MO,间室外低度恶性Positron Emission Tomography原发病灶和反应带均局限在病灶的原发间室内Evaluation of local disease in detailUsually accurately depicts intramedullary spread and s
2、oft tissue extension of tumor组织学分级Broders分级MRI良恶性影像学特征期(A B):低度恶性Grade 1A,1B,and 1C lesions represent benign lesions with edge characteristics ranging from well defined to poorly defined.放射学分级Lodwicks分级3期:侵袭性(aggressive)-G0 T1 或T2 M0 或 M1期(A B):有局部和远处转移CT is better in assessing the type of cortical
3、destruction and the presence of matrix mineralization.胸部X线平片和CT检查应作为常规以发现肺转移灶X线表现:肿瘤界欠清,呈侵袭性生长X线表现:肿瘤界欠清,呈侵袭性生长组织学:基质分化好,不同程度的成熟度,可能有细胞核深染,但无细胞学恶性表现,可能有核分裂相,病变可穿破假包膜,可见卫星灶Assessing peripheral vascular branches and tumor neovascularity.Benign lesions are well defined and sharply demarcated from the s
4、urrounding healthy tissue.影像学:X-ray Lodwick 放射学分级同位素扫描可显示远处或跳跃性骨转移灶临床:肿瘤边界清,有完整包膜,极少远处转移肿瘤细胞可直接破坏正常组织,仅有小部分假包膜或没有包膜。有肯定的细胞学恶性表现,包括间变、多形性(Broders1级,偶尔2级)。MRI良恶性影像学特征MRI良恶性影像学特征期(A B):高度恶性MRI纵向扫描可显示跳跃转移Pattern of destruction(geographic or not geographic,appearance of marginal interface zone)放射学分级Lodwi
5、cks分级相当于Broders 2、3、4级Pattern of destruction(geographic or not geographic,appearance of marginal interface zone)肘窝、腋窝、guo窝、腹股沟、骨盆内More accurate than chest radiographsB 期 G1T2MO,间室外低度恶性原发病灶和反应带均局限在病灶的原发间室内大部分高度恶性肿瘤表现为B 期,偶有病理骨折胸部X线平片和CT检查应作为常规以发现肺转移灶放射学分级Lodwicks分级但是,如组织学表现偏良性而放射和临床表现为高度侵袭性者应定为高度恶性2期
6、:活动性(active)-G0 T0 M0有肯定的细胞学恶性表现,包括间变、多形性(Broders1级,偶尔2级)。Grade 1A,1B,and 1C lesions represent benign lesions with edge characteristics ranging from well defined to poorly defined.临床:肿瘤持续、稳定生长,引起症状,有接触抑制但反应性低于正常肿瘤与解剖学间隙的关系T恶性肿瘤任何级别,无论间室内外,只要有转移,均为期骨旁间隙内,未进入骨皮质,未穿破骨膜侵犯肌、筋膜组织学:核深染,核分裂相多见,细胞基质比例高,新生血管浸
7、润,常见坏死和出血。More accurate than chest radiographs同位素扫描可显示远处或跳跃性骨转移灶Grade 3 lesions are high-grade malignant lesions with invasive,permeative,and destructive featuresA 期 G1T1MO,间室内低度恶性期(A B):有局部和远处转移组织学表现:细胞分化良好,基质细胞比例正常,核分裂相极少见B 期 G1T2MO,间室外低度恶性2期:活动性(active)-G0 T0 M0Usually accurately depicts intramed
8、ullary spread and soft tissue extension of tumor组织学分级Broders分级Assessing peripheral vascular branches and tumor neovascularity.同位素扫描可显示远处或跳跃性骨转移灶同位素扫描可显示远处或跳跃性骨转移灶MRI signal intensity alone is not reliable in distinguishing benign tumors and malignant tumors.Follow-up CT scans are useful in monitorin
9、g the nodules.来源于骨髓、网状内皮组织的肿瘤同位素扫描可显示远处或跳跃性骨转移灶A 期 G2T1MO,间室内高度恶性2期:活动性(active)-G0 T0 M0同位素扫描可显示远处或跳跃性骨转移灶Enneking-Musculoskeletal Tumor Staging SystemProvide additional information regarding neurovascular bundle involvement.影像学:X-ray Lodwick 放射学分级影像学:X-ray Lodwick 放射学分级组织学、放射和临床三结合X线表现:肿瘤界欠清,呈侵袭性生长
10、间室内病变穿破解剖学间室:Group 4 lesions are aggressive-appearing lesions that should be considered malignant.分分期期分分级级部位部位转移转移临床进程临床进程治疗措施治疗措施1G0T0M0潜隐性,静止潜隐性,静止性,有自愈倾向性,有自愈倾向病损内手术病损内手术囊内手术囊内手术2 2G0T0M0进行性发展,膨进行性发展,膨胀性生长胀性生长边缘手术或边缘手术或加辅助治疗加辅助治疗3 3G0T12M01具有侵袭性具有侵袭性广泛手术或广泛手术或加辅助治疗加辅助治疗皮质骨内,未穿破骨膜和骨髓腔原发病灶和反应带均局限在病
11、灶的原发间室内B 期 G1T2MO,间室外低度恶性期(A B):有局部和远处转移组织学:基质分化成熟好,细胞基质比例接近1:1。体格检查可发现区域淋巴结转移临床:肿瘤边界清,有完整包膜,极少远处转移有肯定的细胞学恶性表现,包括间变、多形性(Broders1级,偶尔2级)。同位素扫描可显示远处或跳跃性骨转移灶Assessing peripheral vascular branches and tumor neovascularity.Angiography影像引导下穿刺活检如Fluoroscopy with C-arm guidance,CT-guided biopsy体格检查可发现区域淋巴结转
12、移MRI良恶性影像学特征Assessing peripheral vascular branches and tumor neovascularity.期(A B):低度恶性X线平片:界清,边界有时不规则;反应带内有指状突起或卫星灶Absence or presence and extent(if present)of the expanded cortical shellMRI良恶性影像学特征Grade 2 lesions are low-grade malignant lesions with invasive features,particularly those with total
13、penetration of the cortex.AngiographyComplements radiography组织学分级Broders分级期(A B):低度恶性组织学:核深染,核分裂相多见,细胞基质比例高,新生血管浸润,常见坏死和出血。皮质骨内,未穿破骨膜和骨髓腔大部分高度恶性肿瘤表现为B 期,偶有病理骨折期(A B):有局部和远处转移MRI纵向扫描可显示跳跃转移组织学、放射和临床三结合放射学分级Lodwicks分级Provide additional information regarding neurovascular bundle involvement.同位素扫描可显示远处或跳跃性骨转移灶Pattern of destruction(geographic or not geographic,appearance of marginal interface zone)恶性骨肿瘤GTM分期与治疗措施的选择胸部X线平片和CT检查应作为常规以发现肺转移灶组织学:基质分化好,不同程度的成熟度,可能有细胞核深染,但无细胞学恶性表现,可能有核分裂相,病变可穿破假包膜,可见卫星灶Enneking-Musculoskeletal Tumor Staging SystemM0:无局部和远处转移MRI良恶性影像学特征
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