2021年江苏盐城中考英语语法专题复习（ppt课件）：专题(01)　名词.pptx

1、专题(一)名词考点一可数名词1.可数名词的复数形式(1)规则变化情况构成方法例词一般情况加-smapmapsbagbagsbookbooks以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词加-esbusbuseswatchwatcheswishwishesboxboxes(特例:stomachstomachs)（续表）情况构成方法例句以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词去y,再加-iesbabybabiescitycities以“元音字母+y”结尾的词加-smonkeymonkeysholidayholidays（续表）情况构成方法例句以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词表示无生命的词,加-sphotophotospianopia

2、nos表示有生命的词,加-esheroheroespotatopotatoestomatotomatoes【巧学妙记】英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。（续表）情况构成方法例句以“元音字母+o”结尾的词加-szoozoosradioradioskangarookangaroosvideovideos以f或fe 结尾的词变f或fe为ve,再加-sshelfshelvesthiefthievesknifeknivesleafleaveswolfwolves【巧学妙记】名词变复数去掉f/fe,再加-ves的单词:树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去杀狼(wol

3、f),架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。(2)不规则变化类别构成方法例词复合名词将主体名词变为复数girl friendgirl friendsboy studentboy studentslooker-on(旁观者)lookers-onman 和woman作定语修饰另一个复数名词时,两部分都变为复数man doctormen doctorswoman teacherwomen teacherssport修饰名词时,无论主体词是单数还是复数,sport通常用复数形式a sports clubsports shoes（续表）类别构成方法例词特殊名词改变单数名词中的元音字母f

4、ootfeet toothteethmanmen womanwomen mousemice词尾加-en或-ren oxoxen(公牛)childchildren单复数形式相同sheepsheepdeerdeerspacecraftspacecraft只有复数形式trousersglasses(眼镜)clothespantsjeansscissors类别构成方法例词特殊名词表示“某国人”的名词的单、复数形式单复数同形ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese变词尾的man为menEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmen词尾加-sGerman

5、Germans RomanRomansAmericanAmericansCanadianCanadians【巧学妙记】中日不变,英法变,其余-s加后面（续表）2.集体名词的数(1)集体名词以单数形式出现,但实为复数,如people(人们),police(警察)。如果要表达单数形式则要用其他名词。一名警察 a police()a policeman/policewoman()一个人 a people()a person()(2)集体名词以单数形式出现,但实为复数,如family,class,team等。它们作主语,强调整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,强调整体中的各个成员时,谓语动词则用复数形式。【注

6、意】以s结尾但仍为单数的名词:maths,politics,physics等学科名词(不可数名词);news(不可数名词)和the United States等;以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸名、杂志名等。考点二不可数名词1.不可数名词的量化表达:不可数名词是不能用数量计算的名词,没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词a/an或数词表示量。(1)表示不定数量时,一般用some,much,a little,a lot of,lots of,plenty of等来修饰。一些水 some water;一点儿牛奶 a little milk(2)表示确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构。

7、当数词大于1时,后面的量词要用复数形式。一片面包 a piece of bread;两杯水 two glasses of water;三袋米 three bags of rice【注意】a lot of,lots of,some,plenty of等既能修饰可数名词复数,又能修饰不可数名词。归纳常见的不可数名词见下表:类别例词液体类 water,milk,juice,orange,coffee,tea,Coke,rain,wine肉类meat,fish,chicken,beef,pork,mutton语言类 Chinese,Japanese,English,French,German材料类 p

8、aper,glass,grass,bamboo,silk,cotton,wood,plastic,hair其他类snow,ice,weather,music,money,home-work,housework,information,rubbish2.既可数又不可数的名词有些名词既能用作可数名词又能用作不可数名词,但意义不同。词语可数名词意义不可数名词意义chicken鸡鸡肉glass玻璃杯玻璃work作品工作词语可数名词意义不可数名词意义room房间空间time次数;倍数时间experience经历经验paper试卷;论文纸exercise练习;操锻炼（续表）考点三专有名词表示人、地方、团体

9、、机构等名称的词叫专有名词,其首字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词,如Lu Xun,Neil Armstrong,China,Beijing等。由普通名词构成的专有名词前要加定冠词the,如the Summer Palace,the Great Wall,the United States等。考点四名词所有格1.名词所有格用于表示名词之间的所属关系,有两种形式:一种是词尾加s;另一种是介词of后加名词。2.名词所有格的构成规则如下:类别构成方法举例有生命的名词一般在词尾加“s”the boys bag 男孩的书包以-s,-es结尾的复数名词在词尾加“”Teachers Day 教师节不以-s,

10、-es结尾的复数名词在词尾加“s”Womens Day妇女节（续表）类别构成方法举例有生命的名词如果两个名词并列,且分别有“s”,则表示“分别所有”;若只在后一个名词后有“s”,则表示“共有”Kates and Marys rooms凯特和玛丽各自的房间(两个房间)Kate and Marys room凯特和玛丽共有的房间(一个房间)双重所有格的两种形式:of+名词所有格;of+名词性物主代词a friend of my sisters我姐姐的一个朋友a friend of mine我的一个朋友（续表）类别构成方法举例有生命的名词“s”可表示店铺或某人的家,其后的名词一般可省略at the d

11、octors 在诊所at Li Leis 在李雷家somebody,everybody等不定代词与else连用时,“s”加在else后面somebody elses book别人的书类别构成方法举例无生命的名词表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的事物的名词,也可加“s”或“”来构成所有格two days holiday 两天的假期用“名词+of+名词”的结构来构成所有格the title of the song 歌曲的名字（续表）考点五名词的功能1.作主语My sister likes reading and traveling,and I like swimming.我姐姐喜欢阅读和旅行,我

12、喜欢游泳。Two hours is enough for me to finish the homework.对我来说,两个小时已经足够完成作业了。2.作定语(1)名词作定语,一般用单数形式,如computer games电脑游戏,country music乡村音乐(2)个别名词作定语,要用复数形式,如clothes store服装店,sports meeting运动会(3)复合名词作定语,其结构为“数词+连字符+名词单数”,也可以用“数词+名词所有格”形式,如a three-day holiday=three days holiday 为期三天的假期.单项选择1.2020盐城Watching

13、 The Legend of Luo Xiaohei is a good to relax when youre tired.A.rule B.choiceC.question D.skill2.The Chinese saying“A tree cant make a forest.”tells us thatis very important in everything.A.abilityB.teamwork C.spiritD.chanceBB3.We can get some about how to use the Learning APP through the official

14、account.A.informationB.ideaC.tipD.suggestion4.mothers cant go to the meeting,because theyve gone to Nanjing.A.Li Lei and LucysB.Li Leis and LucysC.Li Lei and LucyD.Li Leis and LucyAB5.2020东台模拟Max got the highest mark and made such greatin the English test.A.mistakesB.decisionsC.progressD.troubleC.根据

15、句意用所给词的适当形式填空。1.The (player)cap is really cool and I like it very much.2.Doctors advised people to avoid outdoor (activity)because of the dirty air.3.I think Jackie Chan is one of the most popular (actor).I like him very much.4.He is a friend of my (sister).5.There are several (library)in the city.6

16、.My cousin likes to collect(stamp)in his spare time.playersactivitiesactorssisterslibrariesstamps7.Those(policeman)are looking for the lost kids.8.Whose (key)are these?I think theyre Johns.9.Look!So many (girl)students are enjoying themselves on the playground.10.A number of(German)are talking about Chinese culture.policemenkeysgirlGermans11.Here are five(bottle)of(juice)for you.12.Many people lost their(life)in the accident.13.My sisters are both (woman)doctors.14.How many times do you brush your(tooth)every day?bottles juiceliveswomenteeth