2022年中考英语语法专题（ppt课件）-动词不定式.pptx

1、中考语法专题课堂导入I want to go swimming.课堂导入The police warned him not to park the car here.课堂导入Its useful to learn English well.知识梳理（一）定义及形式一）定义及形式 不定式是指无人称和数的限制，在句中起名词、形容词或副词作用的成分。虽然不能作句子的谓语，但它具有动词的一些特征，如可以跟宾语、可以有状语修饰。不定式有两种形式，一种是带to的不定式，一种不带to，又被称为动词原形。知识梳理（二）不定式的特征（二）不定式的特征 1.及物动词的不定式形式可以有自己的宾语 I like to

2、 read detective stories.2.可以被状语修饰 He asked me to say my name aloud.3.没有人称和数的变化，即不受主语的人称和单复数的限定或影响 She liked to play the piano when she was young.知识梳理4.其否定形式是在不定式前面加not The teacher has told me many times not to be late again.5.可用for或of结构引出不定式的逻辑主语 Its important for us to work hard.Its very nice of yo

3、u to help me with my English.（注意for和of在句型中的用法的不同）知识梳理（一）作主语 不定式在句中做主语，相当于名词或代词所起的作用，谓语动词用单数。往往用it作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。It is impossible for us to get there on time.It took us two hours to finish the job.知识梳理（二）作宾语 1.动词+不定式。如 He managed to escape from the fire.I wanted to finish the job tomorrow.常用不定式作宾语的

4、动词 want,hope,wish,need,promise,refuse,decide,learn,agree,choose等知识梳理 2.动词+特殊疑问词+不定式，“特殊疑问词+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如 I dont know what to do.I cant decide when to go there.【注意】不定式作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式放在宾语补足语之后，用it作形式宾语。I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.知识梳理（三）作宾语补足语 1.动词+宾语+不定式。如 He warned me to

5、 be careful.I want you to speak to Tom.What makes you think so?（不带to的不定式）可以用不定式做宾补的动词有 ask,tell,want,order,would like,invite,allow,warn,wish,help,expect,encourage,enable等知识梳理2.在动词feel（一感），hear、listen to（二听），have、let、make（三让），notice、see、watch、observe、look at（五看）等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但改为被动语态后，必须带to。They sa

6、w the boy fall off the tree.The boy was seen to fall off the tree.3.help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可带to，也可不带to。I often help him(to)clean the house.知识梳理（四）作定语 不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，通常放在被修饰的词后 I have a lot of work to do.He is looking for a room to live in.【注意】如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。如 I need a pen to write with.I h

7、ave a little baby to look after.知识梳理（五）作状语 1.作目的状语 to，only to，in order to，so as to等 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.He came to the school to see his son.2.作原因状语，往往跟在表示“高兴、愉快、生气、遗憾”等情感形容词后，说明产生这种情感的原因。We were very excited to hear the news.Im sorry to have troubled you so much.知识梳理3.作结果状语，常见于

8、tooto.，enoughto.的句型中，表示事先没有预料到的，强调结果的出乎预料。He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.4.作条件状语 To turn to the left,you could find the post office.如果向左拐，你就会发现邮局的。知识梳理（六）作表语 不定式作表语，表示主语的职业、职责或性质等。Our duty is to help the children to grow better.【注意】当主语是不定式时，表语不能用doing，要用不定式 To see is to bel

9、ieve.知识梳理 不定式的逻辑主语有时是句子中某个名词或代词，有时用for或of引出，带有for/of sb.形式逻辑主语的不定式称为不定式的复合结构，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。It is impossible for us to get there on time.Its time for people to protect all the living things in the sea.知识梳理1.有些动词用在主动语态中，其后作宾语补足语的不定式不带to，这类动词有see，hear，watch，notice，feel，make，have，let等。Did you see

10、 anyone come into the room?Look at me draw the picture and then try learning.知识梳理2.常用的省略to的不定式的结构。had better do sth 最好做某事 would rather do sth 宁愿做某事 have nothing to do but do 只能做某事 cant/couldnt help but do sth 不得不做某事 Why not do sth?为什么不做某事?知识梳理为了避免与前面已出现的动词重复，可以用to来代替不定式结构。I shall go if you wish me t

11、o.-Will you join us in a walk?-Ill be glad to.知识梳理1.当nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语，形容词说明不定式的特征或性质，而且句子的主语又是不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。The question is easy to answer.Sometimes,business English is hard to understand.知识梳理2.当不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和被修饰的名词之间有动

12、宾关系，且与作主语的名词或代词有主谓关系时，用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。I have a lot of work to do today.He has three children to look after.3.在there be.句型中，当不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动或被动，含义没有区别。There is a lot of homework to do/to be done.There are some clothes to wash/to be washed.典型例题1.-Mary was heard _ just now.What happened?-John was te

13、lling a joke.A.cry B.to cry C.laugh D.to laugh2.When you leave,please turn off the light _ energy.A.save B.saving C.saved D.to save典型例题1.【解析】答案B 考查动词不定式的用法。感官动词（feel，hear，see，watch等）和使役动词（make，let，have等）的宾语补足语都不带to，但是变为被动语态时要加上to，故选B。2.【解析】答案D 根据句意“当你离开时，关灯以便省能源”，注意原句中有谓语动词“please turn off”，所以空中不能再填

14、动词原形。根据句意，此处应用动词不定式做目的状语，故选D。典型例题3.-You look so tired.-My mother makes me _ playing the piano for 2nhours every day.A.practice B.to practice C.practicing D.practiced4.Toms mother told him _ eating too much meat.A.stopping B.to stop C.stops D.stopped典型例题3.【解析】答案A 句意“你看上去很疲劳。“我妈妈每天让我练习弹两个小时的钢琴。”make s

15、b.do sth.是固定搭配，意思为“让某人做某事”，故选A。4.【解析】答案B 考查非谓语动词，固定短语tell sb.（not）to do sth.意思为“告诉某（别）做某事”，故答案为B。典型例题5.So far the exchange program has brought many foreigners to China _ Chinese.A.study B.to study C.studying D.studied6.-Some children cant afford _ necessary stationary.-Lets donate our pocket money t

16、o them.A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.be bought 典型例题5.【解析】答案B 考查动词不定式作目的状语的用法。句意目前交流项目已经把很多外国人带到了中国学习汉语。由句意可知，学习汉语是这些外国人到中国的目的。动词不定式可作目的状语。故答案为B。6.【解析】答案C 句意为“一些孩子买不起必要的文具。让我们把零花钱捐给他们吧。”动词afford后接另一动词时要用不定式形式，cant afford to do sth.表示没钱做某事，故答案为C。典型例题7.Please remember _ your notebook here tomorrow.A.brings

17、 B.brought C.bringing D.to bring8.Jackie asked me _ anything.A.not touch B.not touched C.not touching D.not to touch典型例题7.【解析】答案D 句意为“请记住明天带你的笔记本来这儿。remember后面加to do sth 表示“记得去做某事”事还没做，加doing sth表示“记得做过某事”，事情已经做了。此题是明天带笔记本，事情还没做，故选D。8.【解析】答案C 考查动词不定式的用法。固定句型“ask sb（not）to do意思是“要求某人（不要）做某事”，所以sth”,选

18、D。课堂练习一.选择正确的非谓语动词完成句子。1._(Do/To do)some shopping in the city is very convenient.2.It is not easy _(being/to be)a good parent.3.It takes only two hours _(going/to go)to Nanjing by bus.4.My hobby is _(doing/to do)puzzles.5.My ambition is _(be/to be)a teacher.6.The question is how _(making/to make)the

19、 machine work.课堂练习7.I have got a letter _(writing/to write).8.Aunt Mary made us _(stay/to stay)for supper.9.Parents must tell their children _(dont cross/not to cross)the street when the red light is on.10.Just now I heard Peter _(singing/to sing)a famous song.11.Lets _(be/being)good friends.12.Mary

20、 hurried off without _(say/saying)goodbye.课堂练习二.单项选择。1._ English is very necessary for us.A.Learn B.Learns C.Learned D.To learn2.It took us five hours _ there.A.get to B.to get C.to getting D.getting to3.My ambition is _ around the world.A.to travel B.travels C.travelling D.travelled 课堂练习4.My first

21、wish is _ a policeman in the future.A.be B.to be C.for being D.of being5.Dont forget _ off the light before you go to bed.A.turn B.turned C.to turning D.to turn6.Why not _ for an outing this weekend?A.go B.going C.to go D.went课堂练习7.How glad we are _ each other again in Shanghai!A.see B.seeing C.to s

22、ee D.seen 8.-Do you mind _ here for a little while?-Of course not.A.wait B.waiting C.to wait D.waited9.She offered me _ to school.A.drive B.driving C.to drive D.drove课堂练习10.Its time for you _ lunch.A.have B.having C.to have D.had11.If you keep on _English everyday,youll make great progress.A.read B.

23、reads C.to read D.reading12.Its possible _ the Internet at a cafe in big cities.A.use B.uses C.to use D.using课堂练习13.Mr.Wang continued _ his diaries for half a year.A.write B.writing C.to write D.wrote14.What he said made his mother _ very excited.A.feel B.feeling C.to feel D.felt15.Mr.Zhang,I want _

24、 for making the silly mistake this morning.A.apologize B.apologizing C.apologized D.to apologize课堂练习参考答案参考答案一.1.To do 2.to be 3.to go 4.doing 5.to be 6.to make 8.stay 7.to write 9.not to cross 10.singing 12.saying 11.be二.15 DBABD 610 ACBCC 1115 DCBAD课后检测一.单项选择。1.Its getting dark.Youd better _ footba

25、ll and _ home at once.A.not to play;go B.not to play;to go C.not play;to go D.not play;go2.My job at the moment _ an English contest next week.A.organizes B.organizing C.to organize D.is to organize3.John wants to be a professional basketball player,so he practises _ basketball everyday.A.play B.pla

26、ys C.to play D.playing 课后检测 4.Please tell Tom _ late for school again.A.not B.not be C.not to be D.to not be 5.Its kind of you _ me and my maths everyday.A.help B.helping C.to help D.helps6.During my stay in America,I usually sent e-mails to my parents and friends _ in touch with them.A.keep B.keepi

27、ng C.kept D.to keep 课后检测7.The teachers new teaching method has made the students _ English better and more easily than before.A.study B.studied C.studying D.to study8.Since you are not feeling well,you dont have _ the work today.A.finish B.finishing C.to finish D.finished9.Xiao Ming works very hard

28、this term.His ambition is _ a good university.A.goes B.to go C.enters D.to enter课后检测10.The topic of the activity is _ good care of trees and flowers.A.take B.to taking C.taking D.taken 11.Its necessary and important for us _ the balance of nature.A.keep B.keeping C.kept D.to keep 12.The scientist sp

29、ent the seven-day holiday _ the article on how to protect our environment.A.write B.writing C.to write D.wrote课后检测13.These Christmas cards are all beautiful.I cant decide which _ A.buy B.buys C.to buy D.buying 14.The computer is often used _ difficult calculations.A.do B.did C.to do D.doing 15.My grandma _ wash clothes by hand,but now she _ doing the washing with the washing machine.A.used to;used to B.is used to;is used to C.is used to;used to D.used to;is used to课后检测参考答案参考答案 15 DDDCC 610 DACBC 1115 DBCCD谢谢观看谢谢观看