2022年中考英语句子结构教研课（ppt课件）.pptx

1、英语句子结构This can give you the answers to the questions asked by parents,teachers and students themselves.In many countries,some people return to school in their late twenties,thirties or even older to get a higher degree.句子好长！好难理解！肿么办？句子种类句子种类按句子的按句子的用途用途分分 按句子的按句子的结构结构分分 陈述句陈述句疑问句疑问句祈使句祈使句简单句简单句并列句并列

2、句复合句复合句感叹句感叹句句子种类：句子种类：1.简单句的五种基本结构简单句的五种基本结构 1.主语主语+谓语谓语 2.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 3.主语主语+谓语谓语+双宾语双宾语 4.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 5.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语1.The sun rises.主主谓谓2.She is crying.主主谓谓3.The girl couldt swim.主主谓谓句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思，这句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫不及物动词。类动词叫不及物动词。但后面可跟但后面可跟副词副词，介短介短，状语从句状语从句等。等。一一.in t

3、he east.sadly.at the age of 5.主（主（S）+谓（谓（V）1.We are discussing in the classroom.2.The accident happened last week.3.We study hard to get into a good high school.主主谓谓主主谓谓主主谓谓Exercises(一)1.She 2.The dinner3.He 4.The weather5.Her face issmellsfeelsbecameturned 句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上

4、一个必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的词表明主语身份或状态的词，才才能表达完整的意思。能表达完整的意思。a doctor./at home.delicious.lonely.hotter.red.表语（表语（P）主（主（S）系（系（V）二二.系动词系动词状态:feel,smell,sound,taste,look变化：become,grow,turn,get,gobe,keep,stay,seemThe food went bad.He got so angry.1.The little girl felt very upset yesterday.2.In 1990,he became a g

5、reat writer.3.The park is the best place to have funon weekends.4.To do todays homework without the teachers help is difficult.主主系系表表系系主主表表系系主主表表Exercises（二）主主系系表表 1.Tom2.She 3.They 4.The rich 5.Speaking enjoys laughs at are making should help doesnt mean 谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表

6、达完整的意思，必须但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟跟一个一个宾语宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫及物动词。叫及物动词。主（主（S）谓（谓（V）reading.me.cakes.the poor.doing.宾（宾（O）三三.不及物动词不及物动词：后可不跟宾语后可不跟宾语，如要跟，如要跟宾语，需借助宾语，需借助介词介词后再接宾语后再接宾语 1.They listen _ me carefully.2.Look!He is looking_his key.tofor有些动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词有些动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词speak

7、/begin 1.I can speak English.2.May I speak to Tom?1.They are eating apples happily.(谓谓)A B C D2.People should help each other A B C in times of dfficulty.(状状)D3.My mother looks after me well.A B C D （宾）（宾）Exercises(三三)四四.He gave me a book.主主谓谓谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。意思。指物指物直宾直宾指人指人间

8、宾间宾主（主（S）+谓（谓（V）+间宾（间宾（O）+直宾（直宾（O）=He gave a book_me.toHis father bought him a bike.主主谓谓间宾间宾直宾直宾=His father bought a bike_him.for常见带双宾语的动词：常见带双宾语的动词：.间宾间宾:_sth for sb:buy/make/cook/get2.间宾间宾:_sth to sbsell/pass/show/send/lend/offerShe keeps us reading.主主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾

9、语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分补充成分来来补足补足宾语宾语，才能使意思完整。，才能使意思完整。He asked me to read the passage.主主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补五五.She often watches her daughter play the piano.主主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补主（主（S）+谓（谓（V）+宾（宾（O）+宾补（宾补（OC）你能判断下面句子是主+谓+双宾还是主+谓+宾+宾补结构吗？1.She found the answer wrong.2 My friend wrote me a letter last month.3.

10、I will let him go.4.Mary lent some money to me.主主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补主主谓谓 间宾间宾直宾直宾主主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补主主谓谓间宾间宾直宾直宾请选出下列句子中划线部分所表示的成分请选出下列句子中划线部分所表示的成分。1.Were you at home last night?A.主语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语2.Winter is the coldest season in a year.A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语3.In order to keep healthy,he often exercises.A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D

11、.表语4.John asked me to help him.A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语5.He gave his sister the pinao.A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补先翻译句子，再分析句子成分并说出属于哪种句子结构。先翻译句子，再分析句子成分并说出属于哪种句子结构。其中一个学生写下答案。其中一个学生写下答案。1.His classmates made him monitor(班长班长).2.Nancy lost her key last night.3.To learn how to swim is a kind of skill.4.Classes

12、begin at 8:00 every day.5.My mother told me not to swim in the river.6.He enjoys listening to music on weekends.7.The boy offered his seat to an old man.8.I feel happy because of my good grades.9.Our parents teach us lessons of life.10.She passed me a glass of milk just now.11.In spring,leaves turn

13、green.12.I find it hard to come up with a good plan.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补主主+谓谓+宾宾主主+系系+表表主主+谓谓 主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补主主+谓谓+宾宾主主+谓谓+直宾直宾+间宾间宾 主主+系系+表表主主+谓谓+间间宾宾+直直宾宾主主+系系+表表主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补2.2.并列句并列句 (简单句简单句+并列连词并列连词+简单句简单句)并列连词有：并列连词有：and,but,or,soand,but,or,so1)1)You help him You help him andand he helps

14、you.he helps you.2)The future is bright2)The future is bright but but the road the road is not flat.is not flat.3)This is our first lesson,3)This is our first lesson,soso I dont I dont know all your names.know all your names.4)Be quick,4)Be quick,oror youll miss the train.youll miss the train.3.复合句（

15、主句复合句（主句+从句）从句）1)Can you tell me 1)Can you tell me what what he lookshe looks like like?2)Could you tell me 2)Could you tell me how how I canI can get to get to the bankthe bank?3)We took a lot of photos 3)We took a lot of photos when when we we visitedvisited the farm the farm.4)He went to school 4

16、)He went to school after he had after he had breakfastbreakfast.5)Im late 5)Im late because I missed the school because I missed the school busbus.6)6)If I am freeIf I am free,Ill go fishing with,Ill go fishing with my grandpa.my grandpa.宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句等。宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句等。实战演练（一）实战演练（一）1.He is in Class

17、 One and I am in 1.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.Class Two.2.He was fond of drawing when he 2.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.was yet a child.3.My brother and I go to school at 3.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning.half past seven in the morning.

18、区分：简单句、并列句、复合句区分：简单句、并列句、复合句并列句并列句复合句复合句简单句简单句实战演练（二）实战演练（二）1.You can speak English and I can 1.You can speak English and I can speak Chinese.speak Chinese.2.Its easy for many students to 2.Its easy for many students to get to school.get to school.3.We have to clean the classroom.3.We have to clean the classroom.4.I like dogs because they are 4.I like dogs because they are cute.cute.并列句并列句简单句简单句简单句简单句复合句复合句andandit it 为形式主语，为形式主语，to get to school to get to school 为真正主语为真正主语主主+谓谓+宾宾原因状原因状 语从句语从句23