Unit 4 Discovering useful structures （ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、RestrictiveRestrictive Relative Relative ClauseClause定语从句定语从句Unit 4Unit 4DiscoveringDiscovering useful useful structuresstructures01句句子成分与句型子成分与句型主语主语句子成分：一个句子的各个组成部分。句子成分：一个句子的各个组成部分。谓语谓语宾语宾语定语定语状语状语补语补语表语表语同位语同位语五大基本句型：五大基本句型：1.主语主语+谓语谓语2.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语3.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语4.主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接

2、宾语5.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语英语的三种句子英语的三种句子简单句简单句 simple sentence并列并列句句 compound sentence 复合句复合句complex sentence不能再拆不能再拆不分主次不分主次主句主句+从句从句 定语从定语从句句02定语与定语从句定语与定语从句什么是定语？什么是定语？定语定语形容词形容词名词名词介词短语介词短语非谓语动词非谓语动词从句从句(定语从句定语从句)She is a beautiful girl.Amy is a woman teacher.The girl in red is my sister.I ha

3、ve something to say.The boy making face is my son.Japan is a developed country.I like people who smiles a lot.定语定语:句中句中修饰名词或代词的修饰名词或代词的成分成分，相当于形容词，相当于形容词，常译为常译为“的的”什么可以什么可以做定语做定语什么是定语从句？什么是定语从句？定语从句定语从句定义定义结构结构定语从句定语从句关系词关系词修饰名词或代词的句子修饰名词或代词的句子先行词先行词关系词关系词被修饰的名词或代词修饰的名词或代词引导定语从句的关联词引导定语从句的关联词关系代词关系代

4、词关系副词关系副词that which who whom whose aswhen where why I like people who smiles a lot.在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句+指代先行词指代先行词连接主句和从句连接主句和从句在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分定语从句的构成定语从句的构成关系词关系词如何选择？如何选择？1.1.找主句、从找主句、从句句2.2.找先行词找先行词把先行词放入从句中，把先行词放入从句中，看先行词在从句中充看先行词在从句中充当什么成分当什么成分定语从句的分类定语从句的分类限制性定

5、语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上形式上_逗号逗号_逗号逗号意义上意义上去掉后句意去掉后句意 _去掉后句意去掉后句意 _作用上作用上修饰限制修饰限制可修饰可修饰_补充说明补充说明可修饰可修饰_关系代词关系代词that/which/who/whom/aswhich/who/whom不完整不完整不用不用用用完整完整先行词或主句先行词或主句先行词先行词03关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句He finally worked out the problem _ puzzled him for a long time.The fish _ we bought yeste

6、rday were not fresh.that which先行词是先行词是人人/物物-在从句中在从句中充当充当主语主语/宾语宾语/表语表语A plane is a machine that can fly.Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.先行词是先行词是物物-在从句中在从句中充当充当主语主语/宾语宾语They planted the trees which didnt need much water.关系代词关系代词that/whichthat/which1.1.关系代词的用法之关系代词的用法之 that/whichH

7、e _ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.This is the famous scientist _ we visited last week.关系代词关系代词2.2.关系代词的用法之关系代词的用法之 who/whomwhowhom先行词是先行词是人人-在从句中在从句中充当充当主语主语/宾语宾语The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.先行词是先行词是人人-在从句中在从句中充当充当宾语宾语The person to whom you just tal

8、ked is Mr.Li.whowho/whomThey rushed over to help the man _ car broke down.There is a mountain _ top is always covered with snow._ everyone knows,China is a beautiful country with a long history.whoseas先行词是先行词是人人/物物-在从句中作在从句中作定语定语，表所属关系，表所属关系This is the boy whose composition the teacher liked.This is

9、 the book whose cover is blue.先行词是先行词是人人/物物/整个主句整个主句，在从句中作，在从句中作主语主语/宾语宾语/表语表语As is known,China is a very big country.关系代词关系代词3.3.关系代词的用法之关系代词的用法之 whose/aswhosewhoseAs关系代词关系代词asas引导的定语从句引导的定语从句(1)(1)as as 引导限制性定语从句引导限制性定语从句，常用于，常用于 the sameasthe sameas，suchassuchas 等结等结构中，构中，asas不能省略不能省略。(2)(2)as as

10、 引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句，有，有“正如正如”的意思，的意思，先行词通常是先行词通常是完完整的句子，代替整的句子，代替整个主句整个主句的内容，位置很灵活，从句可放在的内容，位置很灵活，从句可放在主句主句前、前、主主句句后后或主句或主句中间中间。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the saying as the saying goes,as is said above,as is mentioned above,as often goes,as is said above,as is mentioned above,as often happe

11、ns,as is reported,as is often the case,as is well happens,as is reported,as is often the case,as is well known,as we all knowknown,as we all know.关系代词关系代词asas引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 当先行词被当先行词被 the same 修饰时，也可用修饰时，也可用that引导定语从句引导定语从句，但指但指同一物同一物，而不是同一类。，而不是同一类。This is the same bike_ l lost two months ago.这就是两个

12、月前我丢的一辆自行车。这就是两个月前我丢的一辆自行车。This is the same bike _l lost two months ago这辆自行跟两个月前我去的那辆一样。这辆自行跟两个月前我去的那辆一样。thatas(同一辆自行车同一辆自行车)(同样的自行车，但不是同一辆同样的自行车，但不是同一辆)定语从句的关系代词定语从句的关系代词关系代词关系代词先行词先行词在从句充当的成分在从句充当的成分thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas人、物人、物人、物、整个主句人、物、整个主句物、整个主句物、整个主句人人人人人、物人、物主语、宾语主语、宾语宾语宾语定语定语主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、

13、表语主语、宾语主语、宾语主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语关系代词在定语从句中作关系代词在定语从句中作宾语宾语时时可省略可省略。04特殊情况特殊情况1.当先行词被当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。The first thing _ you should do is call the police right away.This is the most delicious food _ I have ever had.2.当先行词是当先行词是all,any,little,few,much,ever,anything,nothing,none 等等不定不定代词代词或被

14、这些词修饰时。或被这些词修饰时。All _can be done has been done.Please send us any information _you have about the subject.that that that that 1.1.宜用宜用thatthat不用不用whichwhich引导定语从句的情况引导定语从句的情况3.当先行词被由当先行词被由 the only，the very，the last，the same等修饰时。等修饰时。The only thing _ she could do was to go to the Police for help.Thi

15、s is the very book _I want to buy.4.当先行词既当先行词既有有人又人又有有物物时。时。Sometimes we should ignore the persons and things _upset us.5.当当主句主句是以是以which或或who开头开头的特殊疑问句时。的特殊疑问句时。Which of the books _ you bought is the most useful for my writing?that that that that 1.1.宜用宜用thatthat不用不用whichwhich引导定语从句的情况引导定语从句的情况1.引导

16、非限制性定语从句时引导非限制性定语从句时。Football,_ is an interesting game,is very popular all over the world.2.当关系代词前有介词时，只能用介词当关系代词前有介词时，只能用介词+which+which。This is the house in _ Mo Yan once lived.3.当先行词本身就是当先行词本身就是 that 时时。Whats that _ he asked for?4.在定语从句中含有另一个定语从句时，其中前一个关系代词是在定语从句中含有另一个定语从句时，其中前一个关系代词是 that，那后，那后一个

17、为一个为which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library _ newly opened.whichwhichwhichwhich2.2.宜用宜用whichwhich不用不用thatthat引导定语从句的情况引导定语从句的情况3.3.只用只用whowho引导定语从句的情况引导定语从句的情况 1.all 指作先行词指作先行词,且表示人时用且表示人时用who,如果如果all 表示是物的时表示是物的时,就用就用that。All _ have studied this question have come to the sa

18、me conclusion.All _ can be done has been done.2.先行词是先行词是 those,且指人时且指人时。Those _ want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.3.在在 there be 结构中结构中,先行词是人先行词是人。There is a young lady _ asks for you.4.当先行词是指人的当先行词是指人的不定代词不定代词,如如:one,anyone,no one,anybody。The student you should lea

19、rn from is the one _ works hard and studies well.who that who who who定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致1.关系代词在关系代词在从句中作主语从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的形式根据时，定语从句谓语动词的形式根据 _的形式确定的形式确定.The old town has narrow streets and small houses that_ built close to each other.Im fond of that piece of music which _ popular with the teenage

20、.先行词先行词are is 定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致 one of+复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句(复数谓语复数谓语 )the only one of+复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句(单数谓语单数谓语 )2.He is one of the students who_ a good command of French.He is the only one of the students who _ a good command of French.havehas1.The Tangshan earthquake is a terrible experience that

21、 my grandma cannot forget.2.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.3.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentences below What function do the rest

22、rictive relative clauses have?Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentences below What function do the restrictive relative clauses have?4.Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.5.A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake i

23、n Ecuador.1.Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _were asleep.3.The next day,people put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find.4.Several days later,most of the buildings _had been damaged

24、 by the hurricane were repaired.that或或whichthat或或/who或或thatwhose5.The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.6.The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _ she was rescued.7.Is this the young boy _ saved several other students trapped under buildings.who或或thatwhomwhoseTHANKS