Unit 4 Discovering useful structures 定语从句（ppt课件） (6)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、Step 1定语1.定义：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。a charming girl a wise man a good idea a book store delicious food 2.修饰词：形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、定语从句等相当于形容词的词、短语或句子。前置定语：放在被修饰词之前 a swimming pool the risen sun后置定语：放在被修饰词之后 a boy lying on the ground a bird in the treeStep 2定语从句1.相关概念和结构（1）定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或

2、代词的从句叫定语从句。（2）先行词：定语从句所修饰的某一名词或代词叫先行词。（3）引导词：位于先行词和定语从句之间，即起连接作用，又在定语从句中作一成分。关系代词：which,that,who,whom,whose,as关系副词：when,where,why 关系代词 1.who：指人,在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略）The boy_ is handsome is Tom.析：（1）找出主句 The boy is Tom,确定定语从句：“_ is handsome”（2）找先行词（被修饰的词是先行词，大部分在引导词前，间隔定语从句除外）“The boy”（3）将先行词放入从句中（即初中的

3、连词成句）“The boy is handsome”（4）判断从句成分，确定引导词 “The boy”作主语，指“人”-用whoThe teacher _ everyone likes is kind.Those _ reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.Your friend,_ doesnt work hard,asks you to help him cheat in the exam.（非限制性）2.whom：指人,在从句中作宾语，作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省The boy(whom)you want

4、to talk to is in the lab.The boy to _ you want to talk is in the lab.whowhowhowhom3.which：只指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，如介词提前则不能省。The village which is behind the hill is very beautiful.The pen(which)I wrote with was bought by my father.Can you lend me the book about you talked last night?4.that：既可指人，也可指物，在

5、从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略The factory(that)I visited yesterday is very big.whomStep 4 that和which（指物时）一般可互换,但是特殊情况不能。1.只用that不用which（1）先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时。I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.（2）先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。Ive read all the b

6、ooks that are not mine.（3）先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。This is the first book(that)he has read.（4）先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last等修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.（5）先行词中既有人又有物时。They are talking about the school and the teachers that they visited yesterday.2.只用which不用that（1）关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作

7、宾语（介词提前）There are many trees under _ they can have a rest.（2）在非限制性定语从句中 Football,_ is a very popular game,is played all over the world.whichwhichStep 5 关系代词whose、as1.whose：作定语，所属关系，指人也可指物，指人时可用of whom 互换，指物时可用 of which。This is the book _ cover is blue.This is the book _ the cover is blue.2.as：关系代词，多

8、指物，也可以指人或整个句子，在句子中可以做主语和宾语。（1）限制性定语从句常用结构 the same as suchas soas This is the same pen as I lost.This is such an interesting book as we all like.This is so interesting a book as we all like.（2）非限制性定语从句常用结构As we all know,As is known to all,As you know,As we expected,As is expected As everybody can se

9、e,As can be seen,As is often said,As is reported,As is announced Einstein,_(众所周知),is a famous scientist._(据报道),China has become an important country in the world.He didnt come to attend the meeting,_.(正如所预期)whoseof whichas we all knowAs is reportedas is expectedStep 6练习1.The dress _ she is wearing i

10、s new.2.Bamboo is hollow,_ makes it very light.3.The book _ is on the desk is an English book.4.The scientist _ we met yesterday is very famous in the world.5.He is the man _ is popular with his students.6.My son now goes to the school,_ I used to go to when I was a child.7.The river _ banks are cov

11、ered with trees flows into the sea.8._ is known to us,China develops very quickly.9._ is known to us that China develops quickly.10._ is known to us is that China develops quickly.1.that/which/省略2.which3.that/which4.who/whom/that/省略5.who/that6.which7.whose8.As9.It 10.WhatStep1关系副词1.when：作时间状语，=介词+wh

12、ichIll never forget the day _ I joined the league.（1）找出主句 Ill never forget the day,确定定语从句为“_ I joined the league”（2）找先行词 the day（3）将先行词放入从句中（连词成句）“the day”和“_ I joined the league”Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.(on which)We will put off the outing until next week,when we wont be bu

13、sy.Ill never forget the time when we lived in the same dormitory.Ill never forget the time which I spent with you on campus.when/on which2.where：在定语从句中作地点状语，=介词+whichThis is the town where I spent my childhood.=in which This is a beautiful park,where we had a picnic last week.Ill show you the point

14、where you failed.The library,_ I once read many book,needs repairing.The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.3.why：在定语从句中作原因状语，=for whichDo you know the reason why she was late.=for which The reason why she was late was that it rained heavily.The reason for her being late was that it r

15、ained heavily.It rained heavily,for which he was late for class.（不用why）The reason _ she gave was not true.wherewhich/thatwhich/that1.定语从句中有介词时，先行词关系词的选择。I have two brothers,one of _ is a doctor.The book contains 50 poems,most of _ was written in 1930s.I have a sentence,the meaning of _ I dont unders

16、tand.2.way作先行词，作状语时，引导词用 in which或that或什么都不填This is the way which/that helps me a lot.Can you tell me the way(which/that)you use to solve the problem?I dont like the way(that/in which)he laughed at me.whomwhichwhich2.定语从句解题方法小结：（1）Yesterday I helped an old man who/that had lost his way.（主语）（2）My fat

17、her is always the man who/whom/that/I can depend on.（宾语）总结：先行直接放入从句中时选择关系代词，如：（3）Ill never forget the day when we first met in the park.（时间状语）（4）The library where students often study was on fire last night.（地点状语）（5）The reason why he didnt come was that he was ill.（原因状语）（6）The house whose window is

18、broken is mine.（定语）总结：先行词不能直接放入从句中选择关系副词，如：_ 但别忘了作定语的_（7）As we all know,body language plays an important part in daily life.（8）As is known to all,the earth is round.总结：as 常用于固定句式、固定搭配中who,whom,which,that,where,when,whywhose1.Here are some tips,which will be helpful to you.2.I intend to visit Mount T

19、ai,which is located in Shandong Province.3.I intend to visit Mount Tai,where I can enjoy the amazing sunrise.4.The Chinese knots,which I made by myself with red silk thread and other material,look really beautiful in the shape of diamond.5.I will organize some campus activities,like“English Evening”

20、,a platform where students can show their English.6.I read the announcement of the summer camp which you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it.7.In the English corner,I meet many friends,including some foreigners,who share the same interest with me.5.My physics teacher is my role mod

21、el,whose influence on me had a lot to do with my decision.6.To avoid such conflicts,we should be kind to one another,which is essential to enjoy a harmonious life.7.As we all know,books are the source of knowledge.8.Dear friends,please actively take part in after-class activities,which will not only

22、 make your school life colorful,but also improve your learning.9.The reason why we have to grow trees is that they supply us fresh air.10.I always miss the days when we were on the summer camp last year.There was a time when I was tired of learning English，for which reason my father forced me to joi

23、n in an English camp before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the camp,I felt very lonely.Fortunately,my guide,whose duty was to help the students in trouble,often communicated with me face to face,Gradually,I adapted to the life there.Everyday I would like to talk to other teenagers

24、 who came form other schools,and take part in a series of activities which were designed for freshmen.Eventually,my attitude towards to learning English changed.I will never forget those days when I studied in that camp and I will miss those teenagers,some of whom still keep touch with me.Now,I feel

25、 it interesting to learn English and have formed the habit of reading English and often take an active part in English Corner,where I can make many new friends who learn English.As our English teacher often says,“As long as you keep on learning English heart and soul,you will master the language sooner or later”.