Unit 4 词汇课（ppt课件） -2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、 词汇课Natural disastersunit 41.disaster /dz:st(r)/dis +aster不；离开星n.灾难;灾害2.tornado/t:ned/torn +ado转动，旋转，环绕名词后缀n.(pl.-oes or-os)龙卷风；旋风3.drought/drat/n.旱灾；久旱=dry 干旱的，干燥的名词后缀，表状态4.landslide/lndslad/n.(landfall)崩塌；滑坡land +slide土地滑行，滑动5.slide/slad/vi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑动6.tsunami/tsu:n:mi/n.海啸slide away 溜走slide off

2、 滑落7.flood n.洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没Towns and cities all over the country have been flooded._His eyes were flooded with tears._As soon as the gate opened,many people flooded into the supermarket._淹没充满大量涌入【归纳总结】flood.with,be flooded with充满 flood in/into（大量）涌入 a flood of 大量的8.volcanic eruption/vlk

3、nk rpn/火山喷发Vulcan 火神伏尔甘volcano 火山9.magnitude/mgntju:d/n.(地)震级；重大rescue from 把从营救出来come to/go to sbs rescuerescue sb 救援某人 10.rescue vt.&n.营救;救援单句填空He rescued three children the burning building.We came his rescue and pulled him out of the river.Finally they _ (rescue)by helicopter yesterday 例句：1.The

4、brave firefighter rescued three children from the burning house yesterday.昨天这名勇敢的消防员从燃烧的房子中救出了三个孩子。2.When we were trapped in ruins,the soldiers came to our rescue.当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援我们。fromtowere rescued do/cause damage to 对造成损害;损害 damage ones health 损害某人的健康 11.damage /dmd/拓展词汇：damaged adj.被破坏的dam +a

5、gedam damn伤害 v.谴责；adj.可恶的名词后缀，表示行为vt.损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失例句：1.They managed to repair the houses that were badly damaged in the earthquake.2.众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。As we all know,smoking can do/cause damage to our health.（damage n）It is well known that smoking can damage our health.（damage vt.）11.damage vt.损害;破坏n.

6、损害;损失 Bad behaviour has done seriously damage _ the countrys reputation.一句多译：It is well known that smoking can _（损害我们的健康）.(damage vt.)As we all know,smoking can_ our health.(damage n.)Several cars _(damage)in the crash which happened last night.to damage our health do/cause damage towere damage12.de

7、stroy vt.摧毁;毁灭拓展词汇：destruction n.摧毁;毁灭 destroy1.常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“摧毁”“毁灭”，程度较深。The earthquake destroyed almost the entire city.The forest was destroyed by fire.2.也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、希望、计划、努力、契约等。常用搭配 destroy one s confidence/hope/faith 摧毁某人的信心/希望信仰 All his hopes were destroyed.That will destroy the reputa

8、tion of our products.易混辨析 destroy,damage 与 ruin 的用法区别易混用法destroy 作动词，指以具有某种摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁坏，以至于不能或很难修复。damage 可用作动词或名词，指一定程度的损坏或损失，部分是可以修复的。作名词表示抽象的“损害；破坏时，为不可数名词，构成词组 do/cause damage to sb/sth。ruinV.指毁灭，毁坏，n.常用复数 废墟，遗迹等作名词时常构成短语lie/be in ruins 意为“严重破损；破败不堪”。在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.The whole village (des

9、troy/damage)in the sudden flood last year,leaving nothing to the native people.2.Thousands of houses (destroy/damage)by the storm,and the repair work would last half a month.3.The whole village lies in (ruin)because of the war.4.A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the _(d

10、estroy)of the rain forests.destruction was destoryedwere damage ruins 15.death n.死;死亡词汇拓展：die v.死;枯竭;消失dead adj.死亡的;无生命的dying adj.临终的;垂死的13.evacuate/vkjuet/14.helicopter/helkpt(r)/vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离n.直升机16.affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；使感染；深深打动（P49）82 killed，500,000 affected 八十二人死亡，五十万人受到影响知识拓展：be affected by 被打动

11、;被侵袭have an effect/influence on 对产生影响affect sb./sth.影响某人或某物be affected with 感染疾病take effect 生效;起作用side effects 副作用in effect 在实施中;生效中词汇拓展：effect n.影响;作用;结果;效果effective adj.有效的;生效的例句：1.Mrs Black is deeply affected by the touching movie.布莱克夫人被这部感人的电影深深地打动了。2.Staying up late every day is certain to have

12、 a great effect on your health（effect n.）每天熬夜一定会对你的健康造成很大的影响。17.shelter n.避难处;居所;庇护 vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)shelter from.躲避shelter.from.保护/遮蔽免受例句：1.The wall sheltered us from the wind.墙壁遮挡着，使我们免遭风吹。2.They sheltered from the sun under a tree.他们在树底下乘凉。18.crack/krk/n.裂纹；裂缝 v.(使)破裂19.gas /gas/n.气体；燃气；汽油20.

13、as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 (as though虚拟语气)21.ruin/ru:n/n&v破坏；毁坏22.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪23.per/psent/n.百分之 adj.&adv.每一百种24.brick/brk/n.砖；砖块25.metal/metl/n.金属每百 n.分（辅助单位，相当于许多国家主币面值的1%）percentage n.百分比词汇拓展：shocking adj.令人震惊的;骇人听闻的shocked adj.震惊的;震撼的26.shock/k/n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克&vt.使震惊culture shock 文化冲击in shock 震惊；吃惊in p

14、atience 耐心的in condition状况良好的in shape 健康的【归纳总结】be in shock震惊；吃惊 be shocked to do sth对于做某事感到震惊 be shocked that.be shocked at/by sth 对.感到震惊 Im _ shock after hearing that bad news.I was shocked _(hear)that he had been injured.We were shocked _ so many people were injured or died in the earthquake.They w

15、ere shocked _ the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.into hearthatat/by27.electricity/lektrsti/n.电;电能词汇拓展：electric/lektr,k/adj.电的;带电的；用电的;发电的electronicadj.电子的，电子设备的electr-电electr+ic=electric28.trap/trp/vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱29.bury/beri/vt.埋葬；安葬【归纳总结】bury.in.把埋到里;使沉浸于 bury ones face in on

16、es hands 双手掩面 be buried in(doing)bury oneself in(doing)埋头于；专心于30.breathe/bri:/vi.&vt.呼吸 拓展词汇：breath n.呼吸；breathless adj.气喘吁吁的31.revive/rvav/vt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒 再活词汇拓展：revival n.振兴;复苏31.effort/eft/n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力【归纳总结】in an effort to do sth.努力想做 make an/every effort（to）努力做 spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做

17、Bob had gone on a diet in an effort_(lose)weight.Hospitals should make _ effort to treat the sick.Lets start right now and spare no effort_(do)a little bit every minute.to loseanto do32.unify/ju:nfa/=one 一，单一动词后缀，使成.33.wisdom n.智慧;才智拓展词汇：wise adj.充满智慧的;明智的34.context/kntekst/n.上下文；语境；背景词汇拓展：sufferer

18、n.受难者;受害者;患者suffering n.疼痛;痛苦;折磨;苦难35.suffer /sf/vt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦suffer from.受.之苦；患【归纳总结】(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏 suffer from 受折磨;患病(2)suffering n.痛苦;苦恼;让人痛苦的事(3)sufferer n.受难者;患病者35.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 People of the disaster area suffered a lot the ty

19、phoon,and water supplies and electricity were hard to get.The old man is said to have gone through varieties of _(suffer)during the war.Mary(suffer)from ill health at the moment.fromsufferingsis suffering36.volcano/vlken/n.(pl.-oes or-os)火山 37.erupt/rpt/vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出复习：volcanic eruption/vl

20、knk rpn/火山喷发 拓展词汇：eruption n.爆发;突发38.supply/spla/n.供应(量)；补给；pl.补给品 vt.供应；供给 38.supply n.供应(量);补给;pl.补给品vt.供应;供给【归纳总结】in short supply短缺 have a good supply of.备有许多 supply作名词,表示“补给品”时,要用复数形式,即supplies supply sth.to sb.或 supply sb.with sth.为某人提供某物 Water is _ short supply.Our _(supply)were running out.一句

21、多译：没有必要担心,我们可以提供你需要的任何东西。There is no need to worry.We can _whatever you need.There is no need to worry.We can _whatever you need _.insuppliessupply you withsupplyto you表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有:provide sb.with sth.=provide sth.for sb.offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.词汇拓展：survivor n.幸存者;生还者survival n.幸存;残存物39.ty

22、phoon/tafu:n/n.台风 40.in the open air 露天；在户外41.hurricane/hrkn/n.(尤指大西洋的)飓风 42.survive/svav/vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过超过活42.survive vi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艰难度过 After he _ the earthquake,the old man became one of the few _ of the family.(survive)The doctors gave him a one in ten chance of _(survive).I dont know how yo

23、u all manage to survive _ such little money.She survived her husband _ ten years.survivedsurvivorssurvivalonby【归纳总结】survive sth幸免于;从中挺过来/活过来 survival n.U幸存;C残存物 survivor n.幸存者;生还者 survive on依靠生存下来 A survive B(by.)A比B活得长()43.power/pa(r)/n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力;权力拓展词汇：powerful adj.强有力的;有影响力的powerless adj.无权力

24、的;无力量的;无能为力的 powerful adj.强有力的（1）come to power 上台；执政（动作）be in power 执政；掌权 beyond ones power 超出某人的能力范围 do everything in/within ones power to do sth.尽某人所能做某事 As your closest friend,I will do everything in my power_（help）you.We use words every day but not all of us realize their _（power）influence.to he

25、lppowerful44.tap/tp/vi.&vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 45.pipe/pap/n.管子；管道46.whistle/wsl/vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 47.emergency/im:dnsi/n.突发事件；紧急情况48.calm/k:m/adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 词汇拓展：calmness n.平静;沉着 calmly 冷静地；平静地（1）calm down 平静下来calm sb.down 使某人镇定下来（2）keep calm 保持镇静To solve the problem,parents should learn

26、to calm The last thing I saw was Dons face,looking （calm）back at me.downcalmly49.aid/ed/n.援助；帮助；救援物资 v帮助；援助（1）give first aid to sb.对某人急救with the aid of.在的帮助下come to ones aid 帮助某人Id be very grateful if you could aid me my English.He is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother_（clean）the house.I co

27、uldnt speak French but a kind man（帮助了我）.withto cleancame to my aid50.kit/kt/n.成套工具；成套设备51.first aid kit 急救箱 52.on hand 现有(尤指帮助)53.crash/kr/vt.&vi.碰撞；撞击 n.撞车；碰撞54.sweep/swi:p/vt.&vi.(swept,swept)打扫；清扫 sweep away 消灭;彻底消除55.wave/wev/n.海浪；波浪 vi.&vt.挥手；招手56.strike/strak/vi.&vt.侵袭;突击;击打;(使)突然想起 n.罢工;罢课;袭击

28、(strike struck-struck/stricken)57.deliver/dlv(r)/vt.&vi.递送；传达 vt.发表 词汇拓展：delivery n.递送;传送;交付（1）deliver a speech 发表演讲/致辞deliver a baby 接生（2）delivery n.投递；送货；分娩，生孩子express delivery 快递56.strike/strak/vi.&vt.侵袭;突击;击打;(使)突然想起 n.罢工;罢课;袭击(strike struck-struck/stricken)57.deliver/dlv(r)/vt.&vi.递送；传达 vt.发表 词

29、汇拓展：delivery n.递送;传送;交付58.summary/smri/n.总结；概括；概要词汇拓展：summarize v.概述;总结59.length/le/n.长；长度 词汇拓展：long adj.长的 deliver a speech 发表演讲1._n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊_adj.令人震惊的_adj.震惊的2._vi.&vt.呼吸_n.呼吸_adj.气喘吁吁的3._vt.&vi.复活；（使）苏醒 _n.振兴；复苏4._n.智慧；才智_adj.充满智慧的；明智的5._vt.遭受;蒙受_n.痛苦；受难_n.受难者6._vi.vt.（火山）爆发_ n.7._vi

30、.生存；存活_ n.生存_n.幸存者shock shocking shockedbreathe breath breathlessrevive revivalwisdom wisesuffer suffering sufferer erupt eruptionsurvive survival survivor词性转换8.n.电力供应;力量;控制力 adj.强大的,强有力的 adj.无力的;没有能力的 9.vt.&vi.递送;传达vt.发表 n.投递;递送 10._ n.总结；概况；概要 _ v.总结；概述11.n.长;长度_v.加长；延长 adj.长的 power powerful powerlessdeliver deliverysummary summarizelength lengthen longTHANKSTHANK YOU FOR WATCHING