Unit 3 The Internet Discovering Useful Structures 现在完成时的被动语态公开课（ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第二册.pptx

1、Unit 3 The InternetDiscovering Useful Structurespresent(now)futurepast Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时现在完成时Step 1.现在完成时现在完成时(1)主语主语+have/has+V-过去分词过去分词(done)助动词助动词,无意义无意义 一：现在完成时的结构一：现在完成时的结构Winter has already come(came,come)，will it still be far in spring?注：主语若是注：主语若是第三人称单数第三人称单数助动词用助动词用 hashasYou have

2、 planted all the trees.I have planted all the trees.He/she has planted all the trees.They have planted all the trees.练习：区别练习：区别havehave和和hashas的用法的用法 Summary:主语若是第三人称单数助动词用主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has二：现在完成时的二：现在完成时的用法用法(1)(1)表示到表示到现在现在为止已经为止已经完成完成或刚刚或刚刚完成完成的动作。的动作。Eg：Now we have planted all the trees.(2)(2)表

3、示过去发生的动作表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。强调结果或对现在的影响。Eg：I have already lost the key.(我现在没有钥匙我现在没有钥匙)常与常与already(已经已经),yet(到现在还没有到现在还没有),just(刚刚刚刚),ever(曾经曾经)等词连用等词连用.already:常用于肯定句中常用于肯定句中.yet:常用常用于否定句于否定句,疑问句疑问句尾尾.3)3)表示从表示从过去开始过去开始并持续到并持续到现在现在的动作或状态，常的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。Eg：She has lea

4、rned English for 5 years.她学英语有五年了。He has lived in Beijing since（自从）5 years ago.他五年前就住在北京了。since+for时间段（一段时间）时间段（一段时间）一个时间点一段时间ago从句人教版2019版 高一 unit3 The Internet grammar【优秀课件】Step 2.现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态Q:What can you find?I have ordered a pizza for you.A pizza has been ordered for you.The Internet h

5、as changed our life.Our life has been changed by the Internet.现在完成时的现在完成时的被动被动语态语态现在完成时的结构现在完成时的结构:S+have/has+V-过去分词过去分词（done）被动语态的结构被动语态的结构:be（been）+V-过去分词（过去分词（done）Summary：现在完成时的被动语态肯定式就是：现在完成时的被动语态肯定式就是：主语主语+have/has+been+V-过去分词过去分词人教版2019版 高一 unit3 The Internet grammar【优秀课件】人教版2019版 高一 unit3 Th

6、e Internet grammar【优秀课件】肯定式：肯定式：S+have/has+been+done(V-ed)否定式：否定式：S+have/has+not+been+done.一般疑问句一般疑问句：Have/Has+S+been+done.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：疑问词疑问词+have/has+S+been+done.一：一：现在完成时的被动语态的结构现在完成时的被动语态的结构人教版2019版 高一 unit3 The Internet grammar【优秀课件】人教版2019版 高一 unit3 The Internet grammar【优秀课件】现在完成时的被动语态：现在完成时的被动

7、语态：have/has been V-edPractice:根据要求变换句子。The children have already been told the good news.（1）将上面的句子变成否定句。The children_the good news yet.（2）将上面的句子变成一般疑问句。_the good news yet?（3）对上面的句子中的the children 进行提问。_the good news yet?havent been toldHave the children been toldWho has been told1 1被动的动作在说话之前已完成，强调被动

8、的动作在说话之前已完成，强调过去的动作对现在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果造成的影响或结果，通常与，通常与already,yet,just,never,recently等副词及时间状语等副词及时间状语by now,so far,up till now,before等连用等连用。e.g.:The work has already been finished.工作已完成了。工作已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了结果是现在不用做这项工作了)The doctor hasnt been sent for yet.还没有派人去请医生。还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生现在应派人去请医生)一：一

9、：现在完成时的被动语态的用法现在完成时的被动语态的用法2 2表示一个表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，(可能持续下去可能持续下去,但不强调将来），常与但不强调将来），常与for或或since引导引导的时间状语的时间状语连用，或用于连用，或用于“How long.？”句型中句型中。e.g.:Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。（可能继续公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。（可能继续）How l

10、ong has this film been shown?这部电影已放映多长时间了？这部电影已放映多长时间了？Tips:常与现在完成时连用的时间状语常与现在完成时连用的时间状语 (是否都用完成时是否都用完成时)already 已经已经 yet 已经已经recently/lately 最近最近 since then 从那时起从那时起ever since 自那以来自那以来 ever 曾经曾经so far 迄今为止迄今为止 for a long time 很长一段时间很长一段时间by now 到现在为止到现在为止 in recent years 在最近几年里在最近几年里in/during/over

11、the past/last years在过去的几年里在过去的几年里for+时间段时间段e.g:在你的作业没完成在你的作业没完成(finish)(finish)之前你不应该离开学校。之前你不应该离开学校。You shouldnt leave school before your homework has been finished.人教版2019版 高一 unit3 The Internet grammar【优秀课件】3.3.用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动将来某时已完成的动作作，也就是也就是用用现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态替代替代将来完

12、成时的被动将来完成时的被动语态语态。注意：下来情况下用被动语态：注意：下来情况下用被动语态：1.1.强调动作的承受者强调动作的承受者，即动作的承受者即动作的承受者是是谈话的中心谈话的中心。2.2.不知道或不必要或不知道或不必要或为了委婉为了委婉/礼貌礼貌,不不便便说出动作的发出者。说出动作的发出者。3 3.当动作的执行者带有较长的定语。当动作的执行者带有较长的定语。现在完成时被动语态的解题步骤现在完成时被动语态的解题步骤1.找时找时：找与现在完成相对应的：找与现在完成相对应的时间状语时间状语；2.圈主圈主：主语与动词构成：主语与动词构成被动被动关系；关系；3.定谓定谓：确定谓动形式：确定谓动形

13、式：have/has(not)been done。一.单句语法填空1.Many new buildings_(build)in Tangshan since 1976.2.The bikes in my family _(use)for 30 years.3.Despite the previous talks,no agreement_(reach)so far.4.The water in the river_(pollute),which make it smell terrible.5._the windows _(clean)?have been builthave been use

14、dhas been polluted been cleanedhas been reachedHave1.1.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时一般过去时的被动语的被动语态所表示的动作或状态态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系与现在的情况没有联系，而，而现在完现在完成时成时的被动语态则强调的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系与现在的情况有联系。1.The park was opened to the public last year.去年这个公园向公众开放。（说明动作发生于过去）去年这个公园向公众开放。（说明动作发生于过去）2.The park has b

15、een opened to the public.这个公园已向公众开放。（说明动作发生在过去，但对现这个公园已向公众开放。（说明动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经向公众开放了）在有影响，即现在公园已经向公众开放了）2 2.非延续性动词非延续性动词，如，如 borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join 等构成的现在完成时的被动等构成的现在完成时的被动语态语态不能和一段时间状语连用不能和一段时间状语连用。The work was finished two weeks ago.这项工作于两周前被完成。这项工作于两周前被完成。The work

16、has been finished.这项工作已经被完成。这项工作已经被完成。3.3.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，保持完整性，不可以省略动词短语中的介词或副词不可以省略动词短语中的介词或副词。It is said that the problem has been looked into.据说已经调查了这个问题。据说已经调查了这个问题。4.4.注意现在完成时的被动语态中的两个助动词，即注意现在完成时的被动语态中的两个助动词，即have/has 和和been，两者缺一不可，两者缺一不可。5.5.带有双宾语的动词，如带有双宾语的

17、动词，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，变为被动语态时，将等，变为被动语态时，将间接宾语间接宾语变为变为主语主语，若，若将将直接宾语变为主语直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前面时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词短语要用相应的介词短语。The company has given him a chance t work abroad recently.He has been given a chance to work abroad recently(by t

18、he company).A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently(by the company).6.6.带有带有复合宾语的动词复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将变为被动语态时，只能将宾宾语变为主语，宾补变为主补语变为主语，宾补变为主补。注意：原来省略注意：原来省略toto的不定式作宾补时，被动语态时的不定式作宾补时，被动语态时 toto要加回去。要加回去。I have told them to take their identity cards.-They have been told to take their iden

19、tity cards.(1)Such a man has hardly been believed.(2)The machine has already been repaired.7.7.副词的位置：副词的位置：often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于等副词置于have/has和和been中间中间8.8.只有及物动词才有被动语态形式，但只有及物动词才有被动语态形式，但不是所有的不是所有的及物动词及物动词都是如此，如某些都是如此，如某些表示状态或表示关系的动表示状态或表示关系的动词或短语词或短语只有主动语态，而只有主动语态，而无被动语态无被动语

20、态。常见的这类动词有：常见的这类动词有：cost(花费花费),fit(适合适合),have(有有),hold(容纳容纳),lack(缺乏缺乏),own(占有占有),suit(适合适合),fail(失败失败),last(持续持续),happen(发生发生),occur(发生发生),take place(发生发生),break out(爆发爆发),belong to(属于属于),agree with(同意同意)e.g.(1)Taiwan belongs to China.(2)The coat cost me 300.1.Weve done a lot of work on it,but we _

21、(finish)yet.2.Tom _(work)in the library every night over the last three months.3.More public transport _(build)in China,making it easier for people to travel.4.Progress _(be)so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.5._(eat)at the cafeteria before,Tina didnt want to eat

22、 there again.have not finishedhas been workinghas been builthas been Having eaten 高考链接6.No agreement _(reach)yesterday after many rounds of talks.7.Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement _(reach)so far by the two sides.8.I _(show)around the Water Cube for many times since it was built.9._

23、(show)around the Water Cube,we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.was reachedhas been reachedhave been shown Having been shown 10.When you get the papers back,pay special attention to what (mark).11.In recent years many sports clubs (run)to make a profit.12.I want to bu

24、y this kind of cloth because I (tell)that the cloth washes well.13.Over the past ten years,this town (hit)twice by earthquakes.has been marked have been runhave been told has been hit 14.A lot of damage (cause)by a snowstorm which hit the north of the country last night.15.I like these songs very mu

25、ch which (teach)recently on the radio.16.When and where our professor will give us a lecture_(not decide)yet.17.Great changes (take)place in my hometown since 2016.has been caused have been taught hasnt been decidedhave taken 完成句子完成句子 We are glad to be told that Li Tao _Fudan University(已经被复旦大学录取已经被

26、复旦大学录取)for his top score in the Maths Contest.With the help of high technology,more and more new substances(物质物质)_(已经被发现已经被发现)in the past years.W h e n a n d w h e r e t o g o f o r t h e o n-s a l a r y holiday_(没有决定没有决定)yet.Such a thing has never been _(听说听说)before.The lights _(关上关上)at 11 pm every

27、 day.has been admitted tohave been discoveredhas not been decidedheard ofare turned off用将下列句子改成被动语态。用将下列句子改成被动语态。1.They have finished the construction of the new railway lines by now.The construction of the new railway lines has been finished by them by now.2.We have built a new library and a gymnas

28、ium in our school this year.A new library and a gymnasium have been built in our school this year by us.3.The car factory has produced a great many fine cars since the technological revolution.A great many fine cars have been produced by the car factory since the technological revolution.课堂小结课堂小结(1)

29、现在现在完成完成时的时的被动被动语态语态含义含义结构结构表示过去发生的被动动作现在已经完表示过去发生的被动动作现在已经完 成或仍将持续成或仍将持续,强调对现在的影响强调对现在的影响have/has been done形式形式肯定式肯定式否定式否定式疑问式疑问式have/has been donehave/has not been doneHave/Has+主语+been done?特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done?用法用法表示已经完成的被动动作表示已经完成的被动动作表示开始于过去并可能持续下去的被动动作表示开始于过去并可能持续下去的被动动作在时间状从在时间状从,条件状从中条件状从中,表示还未发生的被动动作表示还未发生的被动动作注意注意事项事项区分区分have/has been done/be being done/be done不及物动词或词组无被动不及物动词或词组无被动Thank You