人教新目标英语八年级下册unitSectionAGrammarFocus教学课件.ppt（纯ppt,可能不含音视频素材）

1、Unit 2Ill help to clean up the city park.Id like to help homeless people.She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.Grammar FocusMario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.She volunteers ther

2、e once a week to help kids lean to read.Im making some signs to put up around the school.动词不定式是一种动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式非谓语动词形式，其结构为其结构为“toto动词原形动词原形”，其中，其中toto不是不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、主语、表语、宾

3、语、补足语、定语、状语补足语、定语、状语等。本单元主要学习等。本单元主要学习其作宾语，状语，宾补的用法。其作宾语，状语，宾补的用法。(一一)动词不定式动词不定式 一一.作宾语作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：有：begin,want,remember,agree,learn,like,decide,fail,pretend,demand,refuse等。例：等。例：I want to tell you a story.They begin to work at eigh

4、t every morning.Dont forget to lock the door.Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?二二.作宾语补足语。作宾语补足语。例如：例如：The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.Please let me help you.动词不定式作

5、宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help等。等。但在但在let,make,see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have等感官听觉动词或使役动词等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”，可以归纳为以下三种句式：，可以归纳为以下三种句式：1.不可以省不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：的不定式作宾语

6、补足语：tell/ask/want/would like/wish/suppose/invite/encourage/teach/depend on等等+sb.+to do sth.例：例：The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow.I want you to go now.Her parents wish her to be a teacher.2.省省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：的不定式作宾语补足语：Let/make/have+sb.+do sth.Let the boy go out now.The boy made the baby cr

7、y.see/watch/hear/notice/feel+sb.+do sth.I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday.I often hear the girl sing in the next room.3.可省可不省的：可省可不省的：help sb.（to）do sth.I often help my mother（to）do housework.否定形式：否定形式：（1）动词不定式的否定式是直接在）动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加之前加not.例：例：Tell them not to play f

8、ootball in the street.（2）省）省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加词前面加not.例：例：Let the boy not go.三三.作状语作状语:（1）作目的状语。如：）作目的状语。如：He stopped to have a rest.强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用不定式可用in order to或或so as to+动词原形，动词原形，so as to不用于句首。如：不用于句首。如：The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.（2）作结

9、果状语。如：）作结果状语。如：He woke up only to find everybody gone.His grandma lived to see the liberation of China.He is old enough to go to school.（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。如容词后作原因状语。如:Im proud to have taken part in the competitions.e.g.Im happy to have found many things I can do.1971年6月30日，苏联

10、“联盟”11号飞船在完成预定任务返回地球时，因为舱门出现问题，飞船座舱的压力平衡阀在168公里的高度上提前打开，造成密封舱内的空气在短时间内全部漏光，没有穿宇航服的3名航天员因缺氧和体液沸腾而死亡。此次两名宇航员要从返回舱进入轨道舱工作，舱门设计及宇航员的操作显得极为关键。结果证明，他们都毫无意外地完成了使命。公交车首当文明先锋,引发社会跟进效仿。【教师提问】你从中获得什么启示?即今之全然在墓者也。(张溥五人墓碑记)11文中画波浪线的句子，断句最合理的一项是（2）汉武帝是我国具有雄才大略的皇帝。（1）文章写了一些什么人的一些什么事；外星人来到地球，在进入大气层前，会看到什么呢？积极影响：促进了

11、国家逐步走向统一；促进了民族交流融合。C项，“强烈谴责了同时代那些治学之人的不学无术”错误，原文“今学者不深本之，乃乐诞者之言，思混沌于古初，以无形为至道者，无有高下远近”，可知批评的是“舍近求远”的作风。6、曹操重用人才，官渡之战大胜袁绍，统一北方。A.三年/权知礼部贡举/会大雪苦寒/士坐庭中/噤未能言/轼宽其禁约/使得尽技/巡铺内侍每摧辱举子/且持暖昧单词/诬以为罪/轼尽奏逐之/C每至汀/风春溪月/秋花繁鸟/啼之旦/莲开水香之夕/宾友集歌/咏作舟棹徐动/觞咏半酣/飘然恍然Phrasal verb Sentence Meaning cheer upHe looks sad.Lets chee

12、r him up.make sb happiergive outWere going to give out money to the poor.hand outcome up with We need to come up with some ideas.think up(二二)动词短语动词短语一、定义一、定义 动词之后加介词或副词构成短语动词之后加介词或副词构成短语,表达表达 一种特定的含义一种特定的含义,称为动词短语。称为动词短语。二、分类二、分类 1.1.动词动词+介词介词 2.2.动词动词+副词副词 3.3.其它类动词词组其它类动词词组 1.动词动词+介词介词look at 看看 l

13、ook like 看上去像看上去像 look after 照料照料 listen to 听听welcome to 欢迎到欢迎到 say hello to 向向问好问好 speak to 对对说说此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。e.g.He is looking after his sister.She always takes care of these children.1.3定时检查设备的运转情况，注意有无异常声响和跑、冒、滴、漏现象，发现问题及时检查和整

14、改，做到设备不带故障运行，人员不带思想情绪上岗。20.4 未按规定提交投标保证金的投标，将被视为非实质性响应投标而予以拒绝。（5）不同投标人的投标文件相互混装；（4）提供虚假的信用状况；16.2 未征得买方同意，卖方不得改变在投标文件中提出的分包项目和建议的分包人。俗语说“不打不相识”，善用顾客的抱怨，解决得好，会加深这个顾客的印象，反而会成为主顾。掌握了这几条原则，在面对问题的时候，心理上主动、积极，处理起顾客的抱怨问题来会无往而不胜。2、站长安全职责引导入座要注重手势和眼神的配合，同时还要观察客户的反应。比如说指示给客户某个固定的座位，说明之后，要用手势引导，在固定的位置处加以停顿，同时观

15、察客户有没有理解。这个过程就体现出肢体语言的美。同时要说“请这边坐”等敬语。36.合同授予标准1.8熟知消防设备性能和使用方法。站内动用明火作业须按规定办理动火手续，并制定严密的防范措施。2、递交入党申请书 1 年以上；坐姿（4）最初报价一览表2.动词动词+副词副词 “动词动词+副词副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：所构成的短语义分为两类：A动词（动词（vt.）+副词副词 put on 穿上穿上 take off 脱下脱下 write down 记下记下此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称

16、代词，只能放在副词的前面。的前面。e.g.He took off his coat.B动词（动词（vi）+副词副词 come on 赶快赶快 get up 起床起床 go home 回家回家 come in 进来进来 sit down 坐下坐下 stand up 起立起立此类短语属于不及物动词此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。不可以带宾语。e.g.Come on!The bus is coming!close the door look the same go to work/class be ill have a look/seat have supper look young go s

17、hopping watch TV/games play games3 3、其它类动词词组、其它类动词词组1.由由put引导的短语引导的短语put away put on put up put off put into put downput out 常用短语及用法常用短语及用法把把放好放好穿上，把穿上，把放在放在上上举起，表现出，张贴举起，表现出，张贴推迟，拖延推迟，拖延把把放入，把放入，把翻译成翻译成记下，放下记下，放下放出，伸出放出，伸出2.由由give引导的短语引导的短语give upgive ingive outgive awaygive backgive off放弃放弃屈服，让步屈服

18、，让步分发，散发；用尽，耗尽分发，散发；用尽，耗尽捐赠，赠送；分发捐赠，赠送；分发归还，恢复归还，恢复发出，放出发出，放出3.由由call 引导的短语引导的短语 call on call up call in call at call for 访问（某人）；号召；要求访问（某人）；号召；要求打电话给打电话给；使人想起；使人想起找来，请来找来，请来访问访问(某处某处)；(车，船等车，船等)停靠停靠(某处某处)需要，要求需要，要求.由由take 引导的短语引导的短语 take back take after take away take down take up take over take of

19、f拿回；使疑惑拿回；使疑惑像像拿走，减去拿走，减去写下，记下；拆卸写下，记下；拆卸占据空间占据空间接过接过；接管；接管脱下；飞机起飞脱下；飞机起飞5.由由look 引导的短语引导的短语 look after look for look at look into look through look out look out of look up look like照顾，照料照顾，照料寻找，找寻找，找看看调查；向调查；向里看里看浏览，快速地看浏览，快速地看小心小心向向外看外看查找，查询；向查找，查询；向上看上看看起来像看起来像后来，随着社会生产的发展，科学的进步，特别是指南针的发现，使人们的活动范

20、围越来越大了。不少人根据自己的发现，对上面那些猜想产生了怀疑，慢慢地开始有人提出大地是一个巨大圆球的学说。3、牧野大战:公元前1046年,周武王灭商,建立西周。（2）体会传感器在生活、生产、科技领域的种种益处，激发学生的学习兴趣，拓展学生的知识视野，并加强物理与社会发展的联系。本题考查理解常见文言虚词在文中的含义和用法的能力。解答此类题型，要重点记忆考纲规定的18个文言虚词的用法和意义，还要重点记忆课本中的经典例句。国外：1917年，俄国十月社会主义革命的胜利，使中国先进知识分子看到了曙光。公元前300多年，著名的古希腊哲学家亚里多德发现月食是由于地球挡住了射向月亮的阳光而造成的。他根据地球投

21、在月亮上的阴影形状，推断大地是个球体。原因：都是由于国君暴虐无道，统治残暴、腐败，失去民心。6、垓下之战：发生在刘邦和项羽之间，最终刘邦取胜。阅读下面的文言文，完成1013题。但是他又是统治残暴的封建皇帝。他广建宫殿陵墓，浪费了大量人力、物力、财力，影响了人民正常的生产和生活；他还制定残酷的刑法，使人民生活在水深火热之中；他焚书坑儒，钳制了思想，摧残了文化。11文中画波浪线的句子，断句最合理的一项是6.由由show引导的短语引导的短语 show up show off show around出现，露面出现，露面炫耀，卖弄炫耀，卖弄带带参观参观7.由由turn引导的短语引导的短语turn upt

22、urn onturn offturn downturn toturn overturn inturn out把把(音量音量)开大；出现，到达开大；出现，到达打开打开关掉关掉(煤气、水、电等煤气、水、电等)把把(音量音量)关小；拒绝关小；拒绝向向求助；转向求助；转向翻转，翻身翻转，翻身归还，就寝归还，就寝结果是结果是，证明是，证明是；生产；生产1.I want to_ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.Im too busy with my studies this year.2.She hopes to_ at le

23、ast five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.4a Fill in the blanks with phrasal verbs in the box.put up hand out call up cheer upcome up with give out put offput offcall up3.Our class is trying to_ some ideas to_ sick children because they are often sad.4.W

24、e decided to _signs around the school and_ notices to tell students about the book sale.We will_ the money from the sale to homeless e up withcheer upput uphand outgive out4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.help move do make visit spendMost people today are only wor

25、ried about getting good jobs _ lots of money.In their free time,they think about what_ for fun.However,few people think about what they can do_ others.There are many peopleto doto helpto makewho are less lucky than us.Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way _ our free time.For examp

26、le,we can make plans_ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year_ to anotherplace，like one of the countries in Africa,and help people thereto spendto visitto move4c Complete the sentences with your own ideas.Use

27、infinitives.1.Id like to volunteer_.2.At 12:00 a.m.,I called my friend_ _.3.Im very busy but I could help_ _4.Summer vacation is coming,and I want_ _5.I want to travel alone.My parents told me (not)_.Choose the best answer.()1.Would you please drive faster?My flight is _.A.taking off B.getting off C

28、.turning off D.putting off()2.-How is the play going?-We are going to _ tomorrow.A.put on it B.put it off C.put it on D.put off it()3.We have to _ our things if we travel on a train or a bus.A.look at B.look up C.look like D.look after A B D()4.If you _ a new idea,please call me as soon as possible.

29、A.keep up with B.catch up with C.feed up with D.come up with()5.Please _ the box carefully.It is filled with glasses.A.put down B.put on C.put off D.put together()6.-_!Theres a car coming!-Oh.Thanks.A.Look over B.Look up C.Look on D.Look out D A D()7.Its very cold today.Youd better put _ your coat w

30、hen you go out.A.away B.down C.on D.up()8.Lucy,could you please help me _ the map on the blackboard?A.put into B.put up C.put out D.put on()9.“Get a ladder,please.I cant _.”Jim said in a tall tree.A.come back B.come out C.come down D.come over C B C()10.I cant see the words clearly.Can I _ the light

31、?A.turn on B.put off C.hold on D.take off()11.As soon as the man walked into the warm room,he _ his heavy coat and sat down.A.took away B.took down C.took off D.took up()12.Would you mind _ my pet dog while Im away?A.setting up B.looking after C.turning down D.keeping outA C B 四、维护与改进规则（2）理解并掌握传感器的三

32、种常见敏感元件的工作原理。5、结合当时社会情况，说说百姓信奉佛教的原因？7、漠北大战:前119年，卫青、霍去病破匈奴,匈奴再也无力与西汉对抗。2.规则不是一成不变的,因而我们要增强改进、完善规则的责任感。（1）文章写了一些什么人的一些什么事；11、266年，司马炎改国号为晋，以洛阳为都，史称西晋。B项，“断”的意思不是“依据”，而是“截取”，该句正确的翻译应该是：孔子删篡尚书，从尧典开始截取记述。问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。(陶渊明桃花源记)(4)在银行办理业务时有人插队,你会对他说:贾生名谊，雒阳人也。年十八，以能诵诗属书闻于郡中。吴廷尉为河南守，闻其秀才，召置门下，甚幸爱。孝文皇帝初

33、立，闻河南守吴公治平为天下第一，故与李斯同邑而尝学事焉，乃征为廷尉。廷尉乃言贾生年少，颇通诸子百家之书。文帝召以为博士。【7题详解】10.张秀才治学的问题是：遵循三皇太古时期的学说，舍近求远，追求高深玄奥的言论，脱离现实。作者首先指出君子治学的目的是践行“道”，这种“道”应是易知可法的，对“道”的阐述应是易明可行的；接着用孔子删书的例子说明君子所追寻的“道”并非越久远越好，太久远后世就难以理解和效法了；然后以二典和孟子的言论为例，说明“道”体现在贴近现实的人与事中。()13.-Mum,Im offered 8,000 Yuan a month of the job.-Really?It jus

34、t sounds _to be true.A.so well B.too good C.good enough D.too well()14.When he _ home,he saw his mother cleaning the room.A.got up B.got back C.got off D.got on()15.Father is sleeping.Youd better _ quiet.A.to keep B.keep C.keeping D.kept B B B Homework Revise the structures learned in this section and try to make dialogues with them.