材料科学与工程专业英语06-unit-08分析解析课件.ppt（纯ppt,可能不含音视频素材）

1、材料科学与工程专业英语Special English for Materials Science and EngineeringUnit8 SuperalloyUint 8 Superalloycoating of superalloys Products from superalloys,which are subjected to high working temperatures and corrosive atmosphere(like first stages of turbine blades of the jet engines)are coated with various k

2、inds of coatings.Mainly,two kinds of coating processes are applied:pack cementation process and gas phase coating.Both of them are CVD coatings.In most cases,after the coating process,near-surface regions of parts are enriched with aluminum,the matrix of the coating is nickel aluminide.nBe subjected

3、 to 受到；经受nCorrosive 英krsv 美krosv adj.腐蚀的；侵蚀性的n.腐蚀物nfirst stage 第一阶段的；第一级的；第一期的nturbine 英tban;-n 美tban n.动力 涡轮；动力 涡轮机njet engine 航 喷射发动机（等于jet，jet motor）nbe coated with 用包上；表面覆盖有；表面镀ncoating process 涂层工艺，涂层方法napply 实施，应用nCVD coating 化学气相镀膜nnear-surface 近地表nregions n.地区；地域；领域（region的复数）nbe enriched wi

4、th 丰富了nmatrix 英 metrks 美 metrks n.数 矩阵；模型nnickel 英nk()l 美nkl n.镍 naluminide lju:minaid n.铝化合物nnickel aluminide 铝化镍翻译：超耐热合金涂料 超耐高温合金的产品经受得住高的工作温度和腐蚀性环境（像喷气式发动机的涡轮机叶片的第一阶段），其表面覆盖着各种各样的涂料。大体上，有两种涂层工艺得到了应用：包埋工艺和气相涂层。这两者都属于化学气相镀膜。在大多数情况下，涂层工艺结束之后，靠近铝表面区域的部分被丰富了，最终得到的涂层模型是铝化镍。Pack cementation processn The

5、 pack cementation process is carried out at lower temperatures(about 750(Celsius degree).The parts are loaded into boxes,which contain a mixture of powders:active coating material,containing aluminum,activator(chlorine or fluoride)and thermal ballast,like aluminum oxide.At high temperatures the gase

6、ous aluminum chlorine(or fluoride)is transferred to the surface of part and diffuses inside(mostly,inward diffusion).After the end of the process the so-called“green coating”is produced,which is too thin and brittle for direct use.A subsequent diffusion heat treatment(several hours at temperatures a

7、bout 1080)leads to the further inward diffusion and formation of the desired coating.ncementation 英,simente()n 美,simnten n.黏固(作用)nbe carried out 进行;被执行;实现nbe loaded into 装进;被加载到npowders n.粉末；散剂（powder的复数）ncoating material 涂料 涂料；涂层材料；饰面材料；覆盖材料naluminum 英ljumnm 美lmnm n.铝nactivator 英ktvet 美kt,vet n.催化剂

8、；助剂 活化剂；助剂 激活剂；触媒剂nchlorine 英klrin 美klrin n.化学 氯（17号化学元素）nfluoride 英flrad;fl-美flrad n.氟化物nthermal 英m()l 美ml adj.热的，热量的n.上升暖气流nballast 英blst 美blst n.压舱物，沙囊naluminum oxide 氧化铝；铝氧土（等于alumina 英lumn 美lumn）ngaseous 英gss;gess 美ss adj.气态的，气体的ndiffuse difju:s adj.弥漫的；散开的vt.扩散；传播；漫射vi.传播；四散ninward 英nwd 美nwd a

9、dj.向内的；内部的；精神的；本质上的；熟悉的adv.向内；内心里n.内部；内脏；密友nso-called 英,sk:ld 美,sokld adj.所谓的；号称的ncoating kuti n.涂层；包衣；衣料v.给穿上外衣；盖上（coat的ing形式）nbrittle 英brt()l 美brtl adj.易碎的，脆弱的；易生气的nsubsequent 英sbskw()nt 美sbskwnt adj.后来的，随后的nformation 英fme()n 美frmen n.形成；构造；编队翻译:包埋过程 包埋过程是在较低温度下(约750)进行的.相关的组分被装进装有混合粉末(一种活性涂层材料,含有

10、铝,催化剂(氯或者氟化物),和热压载,如氧化铝)的箱子里.高温下气态的氯化铝或氟化铝可以从超耐热合金内部转移到表面.反应过程结束之后,即得到所谓的“绿色涂料”,但这种涂料因其非常薄而且易碎,所以不可以直接使用.“绿色涂料”经过随后的扩散热处理（在1080温度热处理几个小时）后导致其内部发生进一步的扩散，最终形成理想的涂层。introductionChemical developmentProcess developmentApplications Metallurgy of superalloysCoating of superalloysPack cementation processGas

11、 phase coating Superalloys in the futureNew words qSuperalloy 超耐热合金qAustenitic 奥氏体的qGas turbine 燃气涡轮qIndicator 指示器qCrucial 至关紧要的qFatigue 疲乏的qPrecipitate 沉淀物qEncapsulate 装入胶囊qYield stress 屈服应力qCarbide 碳化物New words u Aluminium 铝铝u Chromium 铬铬u Titanium 钛钛u Cobalt 钴钴u Molybdenum 钼钼u Tungsten 钨钨u Tantal

12、um 钽钽u Zirconium 锆锆u Niobium 铌铌u Rhenium 铼铼u Hafnium 铬铬u Ruthenium 钌钌u Metalloid 非金属非金属u Contamination 污染污染u Rupture strength 断裂强度断裂强度u Sublattice 子格子格New words nCoating 涂料nTray 托盘nActivator 催化剂nCementation 黏固（作用）nFluoride 氟化物nDiffusion 扩散nBallast 压舱物nRadiolysis 射解（作用）The availability of superalloys

13、 during past decades has led to steady increase in the turbine entry temperatures and trend is expected to continue.Led to:导致在过去的几十年里，超耐热合金已用于制造涡轮，这使涡轮的进口温度不断提高，而且这种发展趋势仍在继续。DiscussionnWhat are superalloys?For examples.nWhere have superalloys been used?Give some applications.nDiscuss the future of s

14、uperalloys.练习题2.Translate the following into ChinesenHigh-performance alloy n高性能合金 nMechanical strength n力学强度nSingle crystal alloys n单晶合金nOxidation and corrosion resistance n抗氧化和耐腐蚀性能nPrecipitation strengthening n沉淀强化nCrystalline latticen 晶格nSuperalloy development has relied heavily on both chemical

15、 and process innovations and has been driven primarily by the aerospace and power industries.n高温合金的发展很大程度上依赖于化学和工艺创新,并且主要由航空航天和电力行业推动。nCreep resistance is dependent on slowing the speed of dislocations within the crystal structure.n蠕变强度取决于晶体结构内部位错形成速度的放缓。nThe historical development in superalloy pro

16、cessing have brought about considerable increases in superalloy operating temperatures.n 随着高温合金加工技术的发展使得高温合金的操作温度获得了相当的提升。nSingle-crystal superalloys(SC superalloys)are formed as a single crystal using a modified version of the directional solidification technique,so there are no grain boundaries in

17、 the material.n 单晶高温合金（SC高温合金）是利用改进后的定向凝固技术合成的单晶，因此材料中不存在晶界。练习题3.Translate the following into Englishn面心立方晶体结构 nface-centered cubic crystal structuren涡轮入口温度nturbine inlet temperaturen金属材料 nmetallic materialn相稳定性 nphase stabilityn核反应堆 nnuclear reactorn纳米粒子的合成 nnanoparticle syntheticn典型的超耐热合金具有奥氏体的面心立

18、方晶体结构。nSuperalloys typically have an austenitic face-centered cubic crystal structure.n根据超耐热合金的性质，超耐热合金的产品可以在高温和腐蚀性环境中得到应用。nAccording to the nature of superalloys,they are used where there is need for high temperature strength and corrosion/oxidation resistance.n超耐热合金主要用于航空工业、潜水、核反应堆、军用发动机等方面。nThe m

19、ain applications of superalloys are the following:space vehicles;submarines;nuclear reactors;military electric motors and so on.n高温下气态的氯化铝或氟化铝可以从超耐热合金内部转移到表面。nAt high temperatures the gaseous aluminum chlorine(or fluoride)is transferred to the surface of part and diffuses inside(mostly,inward diffusion).