《管理学专业英语教程（精编版）（第二版）》课件Unit 8 Operations Management.ppt

1、OutlinesOutlines123456 What is Operations Management Environmental Responsibility Globalization and Operations DecisionsKnowledge ManagementTechnology Corporate Social ResponsibilityWhat is Operations ManagementvDefinition:the activity of managing the resources which are devoted to the production an

2、d delivery of products and services.Operations managersManaging some,or all,of the resourcesWhat is Operations ManagementvOne of the three core functionsThe marketing(including sales)functionThe product/service develop-ment functionThe operations functionWhat is Operations ManagementRoutine aspects

3、of businessForefront of business challengesGlobalizationCorporate social responsibilityEnvironmental protectionTechnology awarenessKnowledge managementA few themes to consider Globalization and Operations DecisionsCultural and economic differences Day-to-day activities of operations managementImpact

4、 Does this mean that operations should be designed to accommodate the cultural reactions of people in different parts of the world?Does this mean that we are imposing lower standards on less wealthy parts of the world?Globalization and Operations DecisionsTechnology and TelecommunicationsShould trad

5、e liberalization be forced on nations,even if they disagree with the policies of those who wish to export to them?Should the rate of liberalization of trade rules be reined in to take account of other factors environmental protection,for example?Globalization and Operations Decisions1.Acknowledging

6、shared responsibilities for addressing global challenges and affirming that our common humanity doesnt stop at national borders2.Recognizing that all individuals are equal in dignity and have the right to certain entitlements,rather than viewing them as objects of benevolence or charity3.Embracing t

7、he importance of gender and the need for attention to the often different impacts of economic and social policies on women and men4.Affirming that a world connected by technology and trade must also be connected by shared values,norms of behaviour and systems of accountabilityTypical aims include th

8、e followingBut the ethical globalization movement seeks to reconcile the globalization trend with how it can impact on societies.Globalization and Operations DecisionsOrganizations and their operations functions have responsibility for the general well-being of society beyond short-term economic sel

9、f-interest.Recognizing and dealing honestly with employee representatives.Devising jobs and work patterns which allow individuals to contribute their talents without undue stress.Group levelIndividual levelSuppliers,Trading partners and Larger CommunityExtends beyond the boundaries of the organizati

10、onCorporate Social ResponsibilityCustomers welfare is directly affected by many operations decisions Staff are constantly exposed to the ethical framework of the organization throughout their working livesSuppliers are always a source of ethical dilemma for the operation The community also has a rig

11、ht to expect its organizations to adopt a responsible attitudeCustomersStaffSuppliers Community Corporate social responsibility can be seen as the broad application of ethics in decision making.Environmental Responsibilityoperational failurepollution-causing disasters Good news:most businesses are n

12、ow recognizing their environmental responsibilities,often responding to pressures from legislators,regulators,customers and local communities.Environmental ResponsibilityEnvironmental Burden:EB=P A TwherenP=the size of the populationnA=the affluence of the population(a proxy measure for consumption)

13、nT=technology(in its broadest sense,the way products and services are made and delivered,in other words operations management)Possibility to changeEnvironmental ResponsibilityOperations managementEnvironmental responsibilityCoincidevReduction Materials wastage Energy wastage Labour wastagevSaves cos

14、tvLong-term recyclablesEnvironmental ResponsibilityOperations managementEnvironmental responsibilityConflict Just-in-time principles Significant economic gains But an overcrowded and polluted road systemSuch conflicts are usually resolved through regulation and legislation.Technologyv The pace of te

15、chnological change and the way make it difficult to predict the effects.vImplications for operations managers:1.to monitor the environment for emerging technologies 2.move quickly in order to adapt to technological change.3.the relationship between the often unpredictable potential of new technologi

16、es and the way in which they manage their operations.TechnologyTechnologies Sustaining TechnologiesDisruptive TechnologiesThose which improve the performance of established products and services along the same dimensions of performance which the majority of customers have historically valued.Those w

17、hich,in the short term,cannot match the performance that customers expect from products and services.They do not often provide conventionally enhanced product or service characteristics.Improve over timeAll will be acceptable to the marketsKnowledge ManagementA current enthusiasmBecause“knowledge”li

18、es at the heart of their value-adding processes.Created randomly?They were the product of a whole collection of decisions and actions based on an even larger collection of knowledge.What is the knowledge which operations management creates and deploys to transform these input resources into products

19、 and services?Knowledge ManagementData are the objective facts independent of any context.Information is data which has been analyzed or otherwise manipulated in terms of its context.Knowledge is information which is interpreted through a process of using judgement and values.Knowledge is rich,inter

20、pretative and often value-laden.In very complex operations processes,it may be almost impossible to make the totality of knowledge concerning processes fully and entirely explicit.Knowledge ManagementKnowledgeExplicit KnowledgeTacit KnowledgeBy that we mean that it can be explained verbally,or in writing,or even in some mathematical form.Something difficult to explain in words.Tacit knowledge may be observed over time and accumulated over time.The most common way of learning tacit knowledge is through some kind of apprentice model.