非谓语动词公开课(课堂)课件.ppt

1、1非谓语动词非谓语动词不定式不定式 (to do）否定否定(not to do)V-ing （doing）否定否定(not doing)过去分词过去分词（done）否定否定(not done)在句子中充当在句子中充当除谓语动词以外除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分的的各种句子成分的动词形式动词形式叫做非谓语动词。叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种：非谓语动词有三种：I want to read a book written by the woman living there.谓语谓语 非谓语动词非谓语动词2主语主语 宾语宾语 定 语定 语 表 语表 语 补 语补 语 状 语状 语To doV-i n

2、g V-e d非谓语动词功能表非谓语动词功能表 3不定式在句子中可以充当哪些成分？不定式在句子中可以充当哪些成分？1、作、作主语主语To run is a good habit.(=It is a good habit to run.)2、作、作表语表语Our plan is to build a bridge over the river.3、作、作宾语宾语 I want to buy a dictionary.4、作、作定语定语He has a chance to go abroad.5、作、作状语状语 To finish the work,he had to get up early.6

3、、作、作补语补语I ask us to help him.41、主语主语Nodding the head means agreement.点头表示同意。2、宾语宾语Would you mind my closing the windows?3、表语表语His job is selling newspapers.4、定语定语This is a swimming pool.V-ing在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？5.补语补语He kept me waiting so long.6.状语状语Walking in the street,I met my teacher.5过去

4、分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？过去分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？1、定语定语 This is one of the schools built in 1980s.English is a widely used language.2、表语表语The shop is closed.3、补语补语She felt her arm toughed.4、状语状语 Seen from the space,the earth looks blue.6非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词的形式主动态主动态被动态被动态一般式一般式to do to be done进行式进行式to be doing完成式完成式to ha

5、ve done to have been done完成进行式完成进行式to have been doing过去分词过去分词done现在分词现在分词主动态主动态 被动态被动态一般式一般式doing being done 完成式完成式having donehaving been done动词不定式动词不定式7动词不定式的形式动词不定式的形式 John said that he had run in order to catch the bus.（一般式的主动态）一般式的主动态）He hated to be misunderstood by others.(一般式的被动态一般式的被动态)He pre

6、tended to be listening attentively.(进行式进行式)He intended to have told you that.(完成式主动态完成式主动态)This work of art seemed to have been created long ago.(完成式的被动态完成式的被动态)Were happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式完成进行式)8现在分词的形式现在分词的形式 He sat in a chair,reading a novel.(一般式主动态一般式主动态)Being exhausted by wor

7、k,he fell asleep quickly.(一般式被动态一般式被动态)Having finished his homework,he went playing.(完成式主动态完成式主动态)All this having been settled,he went home.(完成式被动态完成式被动态)9过去分词的形式过去分词的形式 Seen from the space,the earth is filled with water.(过去分词被动态过去分词被动态)10不定式和现在分词不定式和现在分词作宾语作宾语的区别的区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要

8、求英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求不定式常用以下动词后不定式常用以下动词后作宾语作宾语：agree,ask,attempt,begin,demand,desire,dislike,expect,decide,seem,intend,try,permit,refuse,manage,order,persuade,tend,fail,choose,forget,mean,pretend,promise,refuse,wait,等。等。例如例如:He managed to pass the exam.He promised to be here at nine.I

9、 didnt expect to see you here.2.动名词动名词常用以下动词后常用以下动词后作宾语作宾语:admit,avoid cant help,consider,enjoy,escape,finish,give up,mind,practice,suggest,look forward to,be used to doing,succeed in,feel like,stick to,etc.例如：例如：Some people do not enjoy smoking.He avoided answering my question definitely.We are loo

10、king forward to seeing you again.11不定式不定式,现在分词现在分词,过去分词过去分词做定语做定语的区别的区别不定式表示即将发生的动作不定式表示即将发生的动作,The building to be completed next month is our library.现在分词表示现在发生的动作现在分词表示现在发生的动作,The building being built is our library.过去分词表示已经发生的动作过去分词表示已经发生的动作.The building built is our library.12不定式不定式,现在分词现在分词,过去分

11、词过去分词做状语做状语的区别的区别不定式作状语一般表示目的不定式作状语一般表示目的,结果或原因结果或原因:They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan(目的目的The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf(结果结果)We are glad to hear the news.(原因原因)现在现在分词作状语一般表示伴随分词作状语一般表示伴随,主动或主动或现在现在They stood by the roadside talking about the plan(伴随伴随)Not knowin

12、gNot knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.what to do,he went to his parents for help.过去分词作状语一般表示被动或完成过去分词作状语一般表示被动或完成Given Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.more attention,the trees could have grown better.The pop singer,The pop singer,followedfollowed by two body

13、guards,came to meet by two body guards,came to meet his fans.his fans.13不定式不定式,现在分词现在分词,过去分词过去分词做宾补做宾补的区别的区别有些使役动词及感官动词后如有些使役动词及感官动词后如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等等 动词不定式只说明宾语的一个动作动词不定式只说明宾语的一个动作,宾语与动词不定式是主动关系宾语与动词不定式是主动关系 Just then he heard someone sing in the next room.现在分词说明宾语的动作正

14、在进行，宾语与现在分词是主动关系现在分词说明宾语的动作正在进行，宾语与现在分词是主动关系 Then he heard someone singing in the next room.过去分词说明宾语与过去分词是被动关系过去分词说明宾语与过去分词是被动关系 He had his bike repaired yesterday.He found his watch stolen.14注意问题注意问题1.1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forget doi

15、ng忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）2）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事停止正在或经常做的事 3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）记住去做某事（未做）remember doing记得做过某事记得做过某事(已做已做)4)regret to do对要做的事遗憾对要做的事遗憾 regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔对做过的事遗憾、后悔 5）try to do努力、企图做某事努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试一试某种办法

16、试验、试一试某种办法 6)mean to do打算，有意要打算，有意要 mean doing意味着意味着 7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情）继而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）继续（原先没有做完的事情）8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）打算（要做某事）proposing doing建议（做某事）建议（做某事）152.2.不定代词不定代词something,nothing,little,much,a lot 等习惯上用不等习惯上用不定式做定语定式做定语 I have something to do tonight.I have

17、 something to do tonight.He still has a lot of homework to finish.He still has a lot of homework to finish.3.疑问词疑问词who，what，which，when，where和和how后加不定式构后加不定式构成一种特殊的不定式短语成一种特殊的不定式短语:When to start has not been decided.(主语主语)I dont know what to do我不知道该怎么办。我不知道该怎么办。(宾语宾语)The difficulty was how to cross t

18、he river (表语表语)16 非谓语动词中的句型非谓语动词中的句型 1）Doing.+v.Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。眼见为实。2)It is+no use/good(fun,a great pleasure,a waste of time,.)等名词等名词+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。哭没有用。3)There is no use(good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth 做某事没用做某事没用 There is no use crying

19、 over spilt milk 174)go+Ving示示“从事从事”之意之意 Ill go camping tomorrow我明天去露营。我明天去露营。Ill go shopping我去商店。我去商店。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。反对也没有用。5)在在want,need,require等动词后等动词后,常用动名词的主动形式表常用动名词的主动形式表 示被动的意思。例如：示被动的意思。例如：My hair needs cutting.(=My hair needs to be cut.)6)6)在某些固定结构在某些固定结构Generally/Frankly s

20、peaking,Judging from/by 中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词结构只限于为数很少的几个动词 Judging by his dress,he comes from a wealthy family.Frankly speaking,I dont like him at all.18不定式不定式 NMET 2000 第19题Ive work with children before,so I know what_ in my job.A.expected B.to expect C to be exp

21、ecting D.expectsB该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain不定式的不定式的作用作用解析19例2 NMET 1999 第21The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make.B不定式不定式因为主语是the purpose，在（

22、purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成the purpose is tonot todo 句型，故选B。不定式的不定式的作作用用解析20例例3 NMET 1997第第1I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.having gone C.going D.to have goneD不定式不定式 该题考查动词不定式做宾语的 用法。would love(like)to 是固定搭配，

23、因此B、C、不合题意。Would love+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。解析不定式的不定式的时态和语时态和语态态21例例4 NMET 2002 第第Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.(2002)A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen 例如：It was the first such project to be designed by C

24、hinese engineers.The question to be discussed at the next meeting will be rather difficult.B不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系词的逻辑关系,被动关系用被动被动关系用被动.解析22不定式不定式例例5 NMET 1996年年 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operationThe patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to

25、eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eatA.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eatC 该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，warn sb.not to do sth.warn sb.against doing sth.该题应该用结构另外，not 应放在to之前。在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,look at；三使役make,let,have;二听listen to,hear等）须接不带to 的不定式做宾

26、补。解析不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式23过去分词过去分词1.作状语例例1 NMET1996第第23题题_ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To loseC1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法动词-ing或 过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。2.2.“陷入深思陷入深思”有两种表达法，有两种表达法，A.Lose A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in oneself in thought B.be lost in tho

27、ught,thought,按句子提供的语境可用结构按句子提供的语境可用结构B.B.解析过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。24过去分词过去分词2.作定语例例2 NMET1997第第17The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.did not include women players until 1912.A.first played B.to be first played C.first playing D.to be first playingA 过去 分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与

28、修饰词是主谓关系。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以A是正确的。First played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.解析25过去分词过去分词3.作表语例例3 NMET1998第第23题题Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to payC该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb.by the hour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt,get hurt,get wounde

29、d.解析26V.-ing 形式形式例例 NMET1998 European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to makeAv.-ing 形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法Making it the popular sport in the world为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：解析His parents died,leaving him a

30、n orphan.He rushed to the post office only to find it was closed27过去分词过去分词4.作补语该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。the plan 与carry out 的关系是被动关系。see sth.done 这结构常见的还有watch(notice,observe,have 和make)sth.done.例例4 NMET2000第第22题题The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A.carry out B.carr

31、ying out C.carried out D.to carry outC解析28 1.Friendship is like money：easier made than _(03上海春)Akept Bto be kept Ckeeping Dbeing kept 2._ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragementAThe president will attend BThe president to attend(03上海春)CThe president attended DThe presidents atten

32、ding 3.Unless _ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference Ainvited Binviting Cbeing invited Dhaving invited(03上春)4.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live (03上海春)Ato have played Bto play Cto be played Dto be playing

33、 ADAB295.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?(MET93 17)A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taking 6._ down the radio-the babys asleep in the next room.(MET93 24)A.Turning B.To turn C.Turned D.Turn 7.Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 34)A.to invent B.inven

34、ting C.to have invented D.having invented 8.-I must apologize for _ ahead of time.-Thats all right.(MET94 21)A.letting you not know B.not letting you know C.letting you know not D.letting not you know9.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.(NMET94 22)A.ride;ride B.riding;ride

35、C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding30 10.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.(NMET94 25)A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play 11.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(NMET94 34)A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.w

36、ritten 12.-You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.(NMET95 26)A.to do b.to be doing C.to have done D.having done 13.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him_.(NMET95 35)A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to 14.-What d

37、o you think made Mary so upset?-_ her new bicycle.(97上海 13)A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing31 15.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.(97 上海上海12)A.to clean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.being cleaned 16.She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.(95 上海

38、上海20)A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in 17.While shopping,people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.(96上海14)A.to pursue B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded 18.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.(NMET99 21)A.

39、not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make 19.A computer does only what thinking people _.(99上海19)A.have it do B.have it done C.have done it D.having it done20.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you;will call later.”(NMET99 25)A.read B.reads C.to read D.r

40、eading325.Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive6.To master a foreign language,_.A.a lot of practice is needed B.it needs a lot of practice C.practice is in need of D.one needs a lot of practice 4.Our father often t

41、old us in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen1.He gave us some advice on how_ English.A.learning B.learned C.to learn D.learn2.It s a pay day，and they are waiting_.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to be paid3.-A letter may be too slow.-Why not _ a telegram.A.try sending B.try to

42、send C.to try sending D.trying to send巩固练习巩固练习C CDABAD331._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk2.W h e n a nd w he re t o bu i ld t he ne w pow e r station_yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided3.Is_necessary

43、to change trains at Beijing?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen5.She pretended_the letter I wrote the day before yesterday.A.not to receive B.not receiving C.not to hear from D.having not received6.I cant imagine_that wit

44、h such a famous author.A.work B.to work C.to be working D.workingNon-infinitive 347.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest8.Do you consider_any good attempting many scientific experiments?A.there B.it C.this D.tha

45、t9.Im thirsty.Would you please give me something_.A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for drinking10.There was a terrible noise_the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed11Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again.A.never to drive B.to never d

46、rive C.never driving D.never rive12.They knew her very well.They had seen her_up from childhood.A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow13.Believe it or not,he was seen_upstairs just now.A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.go3514.It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.A.to burn B.burn C.burni

47、ng D.burned15.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied16.To master a foreign language,_.A.a lot of practice is needed B.it needs a lot of practiceC.practice is in need of D.one needs a lot of practice17._a reply,he decided to write a

48、sixth letter.A.Not receiving B.Not to receive C.Not having received D.Having not received18.Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking19.What do you think of the book?Oh,excellent.Its worth _a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read20.The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A.cleaning B.be cleaned C.clean D.being cleaned