1、语法语法陈述句、疑问句、反意疑问句、陈述句、疑问句、反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句感叹句、祈使句、倒装句1陈述句的概念及其肯定形式和否定形式。陈述句的概念及其肯定形式和否定形式。2一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的结构及答语的用法。反意疑问句的结构及答语的用法。3what和和how引导的感叹句。引导的感叹句。考点一陈述句(略)考点一陈述句(略)考点二疑问句考点二疑问句 1一般疑问句一般疑问句(1)各种时态的一般疑问句各种时态的一般疑问句(略略)(2)一般疑问句的回答用一般疑问句的回答用yes或者或者no。如:。如:Does she go t
2、o school at 7:30 every day?_“她每天七点半去上学吗?她每天七点半去上学吗?”“是的,她是。是的,她是。”/“不,不是。不,不是。”Yes,she does./No,she doesnt.(3)否定疑问句的答语否定疑问句的答语 否定疑问句通常是以否定疑问句通常是以be/情态动词情态动词/助动词助动词not的缩写形的缩写形式开头的。表示请求、看法或者惊讶等。其答语和汉语习式开头的。表示请求、看法或者惊讶等。其答语和汉语习惯不一样。如:惯不一样。如:Arent you a student?_/_“你不是一名学生吗?你不是一名学生吗?”“不,我是。不,我是。”/“是的,我不
3、是。是的,我不是。”2特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 常见的疑问代词有常见的疑问代词有what,which,who,whom,whose;常见的疑问形容词有常见的疑问形容词有which,whose;常见的疑问副词有;常见的疑问副词有when,where,why,how等。等。Yes,I am No,I am not.3选择疑问句选择疑问句Is he Chinese or Japanese?Hes Chinese.“他是中国人还是日本人?他是中国人还是日本人?”“他是中国人。他是中国人。”Would you like some juice or tea?Neither.“你想要点果汁还是茶?你想要点果汁还
4、是茶?”“都不要。都不要。”考点三反意疑问句考点三反意疑问句 反意疑问句的构成:反意疑问句的构成:陈述句附加疑问句?附加疑问句的陈述句附加疑问句?附加疑问句的否定式必须缩写。否定式必须缩写。1陈述句部分与附加疑问句部分意思相反:陈述句部分与附加疑问句部分意思相反:前肯后否、前肯后否、前否后肯。如:前否后肯。如:Mary is a teacher,_?He didnt tell you the story,_?2反意疑问句基本对应形式如下:反意疑问句基本对应形式如下:(1)be动词对应动词对应be动词。如:动词。如:She is a policewoman,_?isnt she did he i
5、snt she (2)情态动词对应情态动词。如:情态动词对应情态动词。如:He can drive the car,_?(3)行为动词对应助动词的相应形式。这种助动词主要指帮行为动词对应助动词的相应形式。这种助动词主要指帮助构成疑问句或否定句的助构成疑问句或否定句的do/does/did,以及它们的否定形,以及它们的否定形式。如:式。如:He slept for 9 hours yesterday,_?He didnt go to the park,_?(4)助动词对应助动词的相应形式。这样的助动词主要包括助动词对应助动词的相应形式。这样的助动词主要包括以下几种:以下几种:现在进行时中的现在进
6、行时中的be 一般将来时中的一般将来时中的will/shallcant he didnt he did he 现在完成时中的现在完成时中的have/has They are swimming,_?Jane will visit Tianjin,_?She has finished her homework,_?3特殊形式特殊形式(1)当陈述句中含有表示否定的代词或形容词,如当陈述句中含有表示否定的代词或形容词,如nothing,none,no one,nobody,neither,few,little等,或含有表示等,或含有表示否定的副词否定的副词never,hardly,seldom时,则附
7、加疑问句只能时,则附加疑问句只能用肯定式。如:用肯定式。如:Linda has never been to Beijing,_?You can hardly see the blackboard clearly,_?arent they wont she hasnt she has she can you (2)祈使句的反意疑问句的附加疑问句部分用祈使句的反意疑问句的附加疑问句部分用will you/wont you。如:。如:Open the window,注意注意 Lets go and have a look,shall we?(us表示包括听话人在内表示包括听话人在内)Let us c
8、lean the classroom,will you?(us表示不包括听话人在内表示不包括听话人在内)结论:以结论:以lets开头的祈使句,后用开头的祈使句,后用shall we;以以let us(him,me,her)开头的祈使句,后用开头的祈使句,后用will you。(3)is 还是还是 has?如:?如:Hes in the room,isnt he?(Hes He is)Hes gone to the park,hasnt he(Hes He has)will you/wont you?Youd better stay at home,hadnt you?4当陈述句部分是否定句时,
9、英语与汉语的回答当陈述句部分是否定句时,英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。习惯存在差异。英语回答时,若表示与事实一致,就用英语回答时,若表示与事实一致,就用“Yes肯定结构肯定结构”;表示与事实相反,就用;表示与事实相反,就用“No否定否定结构结构”。如:。如:You didnt play football yesterday,did you?_/_“昨天你没有踢足球,是吗?昨天你没有踢足球,是吗?”“不,我踢去了。不,我踢去了。”/“是的,我没踢。是的,我没踢。”Yes,I did No,I didnt.考点四感叹句考点四感叹句 感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英感叹句一般是用来表
10、示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用语感叹句常用“what”或或“how”引导,句末用感叹号。引导,句末用感叹号。1what引导的感叹句引导的感叹句(1)Whata/an形容词单数可数名词形容词单数可数名词(主语谓主语谓语语)!如:!如:What a beautiful picture(it is)!多漂亮的一幅画啊!多漂亮的一幅画啊!_ important meeting(it is)!多重要的一项会议啊!多重要的一项会议啊!(2)What形容词复数可数名词形容词复数可数名词/不可数名词不可数名词(主语主语谓语谓语)!如:!如:What an What interesting stor
11、ies(they are)!多有趣的故事啊!多有趣的故事啊!_!多糟糕的天气啊!多糟糕的天气啊!2how引导的感叹句引导的感叹句(1)How形容词形容词/副词主语谓语!如:副词主语谓语!如:How tall the tree is!这棵树真高啊!这棵树真高啊!_the horse is running!这匹马跑得真快啊!这匹马跑得真快啊!(2)How陈述句陈述句(主语谓语主语谓语)!如:!如:_!我多么想念你啊!我多么想念你啊!What bad weather(it is)How fast How I miss you How she loves her daughter!她多么爱自己的女儿啊
12、!她多么爱自己的女儿啊!(3)How形容词形容词a/an单数可数名词单数可数名词(主语谓语主语谓语)!如:!如:How beautiful a girl(she is)!她是个多漂亮的女孩啊!她是个多漂亮的女孩啊!考点五考点五 祈使句祈使句 表示请求、警告、建议或命令的句子叫做祈表示请求、警告、建议或命令的句子叫做祈使句。祈使句的主语一般是使句。祈使句的主语一般是you(听话人),听话人),通常省略,其谓语动词一律用动词原形。句通常省略,其谓语动词一律用动词原形。句末用感叹句或句号,语调读降调。末用感叹句或句号,语调读降调。1.祈使句的肯定形式祈使句的肯定形式 句中只有不及物动词。如:句中只有
13、不及物动词。如:Come here!过来!过来!Look!看!看!Come in!进来!进来!(2)及物动词宾语。如:及物动词宾语。如:Close the door!关门!关门!Open your books!翻开课本!翻开课本!(3)系动词表语。如:系动词表语。如:Be quiet,please!请安静!请安静!_!小心!小心!Be careful 2.祈使句的否定形式祈使句的否定形式 祈使句否定形式的构成是直接在动词原形前加祈使句否定形式的构成是直接在动词原形前加dont。为。为了表示礼貌,也可以加上了表示礼貌,也可以加上please。如:。如:_.不要在课堂上讲话。不要在课堂上讲话。Do
14、nt close the window,please.请不要关窗户。请不要关窗户。3let祈使句型表示建议祈使句型表示建议 Let me help you.让我帮你吧。让我帮你吧。Lets go.咱们走吧!咱们走吧!这种祈使句的否定结构是在这种祈使句的否定结构是在lets后加后加not。如:。如:Lets not go now.咱们现在先别走。咱们现在先别走。Dont talk in class 4应答祈使句用将来时应答祈使句用将来时 Remember to close the window when you leave._“记住离开时关窗。记住离开时关窗。”“好的,我会的。好的,我会的。”D
15、ont talk in class._“课堂上不要讲话。课堂上不要讲话。”“对不起,我不会了。对不起,我不会了。”5“祈使句祈使句and/or结果状语结果状语”句型句型 此句型可以转换成此句型可以转换成if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句。引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句。如:如:Yes,I willSorry,I wont Hurry up,or you will be late.快点否则就迟到了。快点否则就迟到了。If you dont hurry up,you_ late.如果不抓紧,你就要迟到了。如果不抓紧,你就要迟到了。If you hurry up,you_ late.如果快点,你将不
16、会迟到。如果快点,你将不会迟到。will be wont be 1以以so/neither/nor开头的句子开头的句子 此句型说明前面的内容也适用于后者时,用倒装句此句型说明前面的内容也适用于后者时,用倒装句“so/neither/norbe/助动词助动词/情态动词主语情态动词主语”。如:。如:He has been to Dalian,and _ 他去过大连,我也去过。他去过大连,我也去过。John cant speak Japanese,_ 约翰不会讲日语,海伦也不会。约翰不会讲日语,海伦也不会。2only在句首时在句首时 Only in this way can you learn En
17、glish well.只有用这种方法,你才能学好英语。只有用这种方法,你才能学好英语。so have I nor can Helen 考点六倒装句考点六倒装句 4副词位于句首副词位于句首 当当here,there等副词置于句首时,谓语动词常用等副词置于句首时,谓语动词常用be,come,go。如:。如:Here is your letter.这是你的信。这是你的信。Here he comes.他来了。他来了。Here you are.给你。给你。考点过关考点过关.完成下列反意疑问句完成下列反意疑问句1Her sister is very shy,_?2Peter stayed up last
18、night,_?3Alice has never been to the village,_?4My brother cant swim,_?5Dont arrive late for class,_?isnt she didnt he has she can he will you .同义句转换同义句转换 1What a tall boy he is!_ _ the boy is!2How delicious the food is!_ delicious food it is!3If you dont hurry up,youll be late.Hurry up,_ youll be l
19、ate.How tall What or .根据汉语意思完成句子根据汉语意思完成句子 1没有水,人类不能生存。没有水,人类不能生存。Man cant _ _ water.2你在这里工作多长时间了?你在这里工作多长时间了?_ _ have you worked here?3现在世界的人口是多少?现在世界的人口是多少?_ _the population of the world now?4我认为这个答案不正确,是吗?我认为这个答案不正确,是吗?I dont think the answer is right,_ _?5.一切都准备就绪了,不是吗?一切都准备就绪了,不是吗?Everything is
20、 ready,_ _?live without How longWhat is is it isnt it 11请不要在教室里听音乐。请不要在教室里听音乐。_ _ _ music in the classroom,please.12在图书馆要保持安静。在图书馆要保持安静。Please _ _in the library.Dont listen to keep quiet 练习题 1.Sorry,Joe.I didnt mean to.Dont call me“Joe”.Im Mr.Parker to you,and _ forget it!A.do B.didnt C.did D.dont 答
21、案:答案:D。2.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you_ advertisements showing happy families.A.will often see B.often see C.are often seeing D.have often seen 答案:答案:A。祈使句,。祈使句,+and you will。祈使句相当于条件状。祈使句相当于条件状语从句语从句 3.Stand over there,_ youll be able to see it better.A.or B.while C.but D.and 答案
22、:祈使句,答案:祈使句,+and you will。祈使句相当于条件状语。祈使句相当于条件状语从句从句 4.English has a large vocabulary,hasnt it?Yes._ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.A.Know B.Knowing C.To know D.Knew 答案:答案:A。祈使句,。祈使句,+and you will。祈使句相当于条。祈使句相当于条件状语从句。件状语从句。5.Lose one hour in the mornin
23、g,_you will be looking for it the rest of the day.A.but B.and C.or D.so 答案:答案:B。祈使句,祈使句,+and you will。祈使句相当于条件状语从句。祈使句相当于条件状语从句 6 _bad the weather is!A How B What C What a D How a 答案:答案:A。7 _good news it is!A How B What a C How a D What 答案答案:D。8 _the sunshine is!A What a bright B How a bright C How
24、bright D what bright 答案:答案:C。9 _ he writes.A How good B How well C What good D What well 答案:答案:B。10 _ LiLei runs!A What fast boy B What fast C How fast D How a fast 答案:答案:C。11.Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night,_A.dont they B.didnt they C.did they D.do they 答案:答案:C。前面有。前面有few表示否定
25、的词,后面的疑问表示否定的词,后面的疑问结构用肯定。结构用肯定。12.His sister had a bad cough,_she?A.wasnt B.doesnt C.hadnt D.didnt 答案:答案:D。前肯后否。前肯后否。15.The lady couldnt say a word when she saw the snake,_?A.could the lady B.couldnt the lady C.could she D.couldnt she 答案:答案:C。16.Tina is unhappy now,_?A.isnt she B.is she C.is he D.d
26、id she 答案:答案:A。有前缀变的否定含义的词前面的。有前缀变的否定含义的词前面的句子依然当成肯定句。句子依然当成肯定句。13.John can hardly understand any Chinese,_he?A.Cant B.doesnt C.can D.does 答案:答案:C。前面有。前面有hardly表示否定的词,后面的表示否定的词,后面的疑问结构用肯定。疑问结构用肯定。14.Dont smoke in the meeting-room,_?A.do you B.will you C.can you D.could you 答案:答案:B。前面是祈使句用。前面是祈使句用wil
27、l you。17.Everything will be OK,_?A.will it B.wont it C.will they D.wont they 解析:解析:B。Everthing做主语,疑问结构中做主语,疑问结构中用用it。18.He said I was hardworking,_?A.did he B.didnt he C.was I D.wasnt I 解析:解析:B。主从复合句用主句变附加疑问句。主从复合句用主句变附加疑问句。19.I dont think he made things worse,_?A.do I B.dont I C.did he D.didnt he 答
28、案:答案:C。由。由I think等引导的从句要看从句来变附加疑等引导的从句要看从句来变附加疑问句。问句。20.-Youve never seen dinosaur eggs,have you?-_.How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World.A.Yes,I have B.No,I havent C.Certainly,I have D.Of course,I havent 答案:答案:B。21.I dont think _ difficult for a Chinese student to master a foreign language within
29、five years.A.that B.it C.too D.very 答案:答案:B。It是形式主语真正主语是后面的不定式。是形式主语真正主语是后面的不定式。22.It is _of you to cheat in the exam.A.dangerous B.difficult C.foolish D.kind 答案:答案:C。It is+形容人的形容词形容人的形容词+of sb to do sth。23._ is very clear to everyone that he is round and tall like a tree.A.This B.What C.That D.It 答
30、案答案:D。It是形式主语真正主语是后面的是形式主语真正主语是后面的that从句。从句。24.Wow!Your T-shirt is so cool.I also want _.Thanks a lot!A.it B.that C.one D.this 答案:答案:C。It指同类同物,指同类同物,one指同类不同物。指同类不同物。25.-I hear youve written another novel.-Yes._ be out in a month or two.A.That can B.One may C.It should D.The one will 答案:答案:C。It指同类同物
31、。指同类同物。26.Look!_.A.Here the bus comes B.Here is the bus coming C.Here comes the bus D.Here the bus is coming.答案:答案:C。Here放句首句子全倒装。放句首句子全倒装。27.She did not see Smith._.A.Neither did I B.Nor didnt I C.Neither I did D.So didnt I 答案:答案:A。28.-It was hot yesterday.-_.A.It was so B.So was it C.So it was D.So it did 答案:答案:C。So it was表示确实如此。表示确实如此。29.-Where is your brother?-There_.A.he is coming B.he comes C.comes he D.does he come 答案:答案:B。There放句首句子全倒装主语为人称代放句首句子全倒装主语为人称代词不倒装。词不倒装。30.After that we never saw her again,nor _ from her.A.did we hear B.we heard C.has we heard D.we have heard 答案:答案:A。
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