1、Chapter 2 Preparing a SpeechGetting Started目录目录CONTENT01Warm-up Questions02 Selecting a Topic03 Narrowing Down to One Topic04Analyzing Your Audience05 Gathering Materials06ExercisesWarm-up QuestionsASuppose you are asked to make a speech on the issue of college examination.Discuss in groups to selec
2、t a suitable topic.BWhat preparation do you consider is necessary before you start writing a speech draft?Selecting a Topic01BrainstormingBrainstorming is a process of generating creative ideas.You can brainstorm topics by thinking in terms of various categories.02ClusteringTake a sheet of paper and
3、 divide it into nine columns as follows:People,Places,Things,Events,Processes,Concepts,Natural Phenomena,Problems,and Plans and Policies.Write down under each column the first five or six ideas that come to your mind.03 ResearchGo to the school data base;Surf online for information relevant to the g
4、eneral topic;Read newspapers,magazines,and even watch movies;Narrowing Down to One Topicdevelopment Asking Guideline Questions Creating Diagrams Creating a Cluster DiagramWhich Topic Do You Know Best on Your List?Which Topic Interests the Audience Most?Creating an Inverted Triangle DiagramWhich Topi
5、c Interests You Most?A cluster for the general topic“environmental protection”An inverted triangle diagram for“environmental protection”Analyzing Your Audience Audience-centered Purpose of public speaking:communication to share information,to convey ideas,to influence opinions.The audience-centered
6、speaker adjusts his or her topic,purpose,central idea,supporting materials,organization,and even delivery of the speech in a way that encourages the audience to listen to his or her ideas.Demographic analysis may influence your choice of themes,main ideas,examples,and other supporting materials.Audi
7、ence DemographicsAudiences InterestAudiences Knowledge Analyzing Your Audience Before You SpeakThere are no uninteresting topics,only uninterested audiences.It is vital that you shift your attention to your audience and their interests and not to what only interest you.You do not want to speak below
8、 the audiences knowledge level of the topic.Audiences Attitude Consider the audiences attitude towards the topic and speaker.Are they in favor?Are they opposed?Are they neutral?Gathering MaterialsGathering Material from Yourself The first and most convenient source you can go to for speech materials
9、 is yourself.Everyone has accumulated knowledge on special subjects and has special experiences of ones own,and these knowledge and experiences can help to bring your speech to life.01Doing Library Research:Library Take good advantage of the library.The sources you can find in the library include pr
10、imary sources,secondary sources,print sources,or electronic sources;Electronic databases02Searching the InternetA lot of government websites offer documents and publications.Businesses,organizations,and individuals also publish many web articles and data.It can be a powerful research tool for your s
11、peeches.03Exercises1.What are the methods of selecting a topic?Which one do you find most suitable to you?2.What are the advantages and disadvantages of gathering materials on the internet?Each group will have collective brainstorming on the topic chosen last time.Based on the results,each member will choose a more specific topic.The after-class assignment is to do research and gather materials for the subject.This is to be accomplished on individual basis.
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