鸦片战争(双语版)课件.ppt

1、Victor.Hugo“in our minds,Chinese are barbarous But you see what the civilized did to the barbarous”The Opium War 1840-1842poppyBeautiful red flowerwhite milkblack opiumBackgroundNation China BritishGovernmentEconomyMilitaryDiplomacydown-coming feudalismup-rising imperialismself-sufficient economy“wo

2、rkshop of the world”backward army most powerful military in the world“closed-door”policyset up colony all over the worldthe total number of opium smokers in China in the 1830s was as high as 12 million“If we continue to allow this trade to flourish in a few dozen yearswe will find ourselves not only

3、 with no soldiers to resist the enemy but also with no money to equip the army”Lin Ze-xu流毒于天下，则为害甚巨，发当从严，若由泄泄视之，则数十年之后中原几无可以御敌之兵，且无可以充饷之银。林则徐Special commissioner Lin Ze-xuLin forced foreign merchants to hand over 20,000 chests of opium and burned it in a public demonstration and scatter the ashes ac

4、ross the seaIn June 1840,the British Expeditionary Army arrived in the Chinese waters.The first Opium war began184018401841184118421842Map of the opium war广州广州厦门厦门定海定海白河口白河口南京南京On August 29th 1842,the Treaty of Nanjing was signed between the British and the ChineseContents of the Treaty of NanjingHo

5、ng kong was surrendered to the BritishChinese government paid 21 million dollars as war indemnityThe opening of Guangzhou,Fuzhou,Xiamen,Ninbo and Shanghai ports for trade The import tax of the British goods had to beagreed by compromise between China and British,and it was called“compromised tax”广州广

6、州厦门厦门福州福州宁波宁波上海上海 The opening ofGuangzhou,Fuzhou,Xiamen,Ninbo and Shanghai ports for tradeContents of Supplement Treaties“consular jurisdiction”If the British broke the law at the trading ports,China was not allowed to deal with the case.It was the British consul who did so according to the Laws of

7、Britain.“Unilaterally most-favored-nation”The British could build houses and settlements at trading ports.In hopes of also gaining some special rights,invaders from the United States and France respectively forced the Qing government to sign the Treaty of Wangxia and the Treaty of Wangbu in July and

8、 October 1844.This was the end of the first Opium War.Say something about the effects of the treaties.DiscussionThe surrender of Hong kong breached Chinas territorial integrity and giving the British a base for further military,political and economical penetrations.The cost of the war and later the

9、war indemnity all fell on the shoulders of the farmers.Chinas economy collapsed and poverty was wide spread.With the opening of the five treaty ports and the lowing of the import duties from 65 to 5 foreign trade flourished.With the rush of cheaper Western machine-made products,The home textile indu

10、stry was almost eliminated.The treaty exempted British nationals from Chinese law.This clause gave foreign invaders the legal right to setup and protect their spy and criminal networks.After Chinas defeat in the Opium war,the Chinese realized that they were no longer the“Heavenly Middle Kingdom”Lost

11、 at the hands of the“barbarians”,Chinese intellectuals recognized that in order to deal with the strangers from the West They must understand the Westerners and the place they came from.The first of such intellectuals was Lin Ze-xu.He collected translated materials from foreign publications and late

12、r he gave them to his friend Wei Yuan who used it and published a book“Maps and Introductions of Overseas Counties”“Maps and Introductions of Overseas Counties”Effects of the treaties The Treaties of Nanjing and supplement treaties opened China to the world.China became a semi-feudal semi-colonial s

13、tateUseful wordsUseful wordsthe opium war 鸦片战争鸦片战争 Closed-door policy 闭关锁国政策闭关锁国政策Self-sufficient economy 自给自足经济自给自足经济Poppy 罂粟罂粟Special commissioner 特使特使“unequal treaties”不平等条约不平等条约Supplement treaties 附件附件“compromised tax”协订关税协订关税“consular jurisdiction”领事裁判权领事裁判权“Unilaterally most-favored-nation”片面最惠国待遇片面最惠国待遇a semi-feudal semi-colonial state 半殖民地半封建社会半殖民地半封建社会“Heavenly Middle Kingdom”中国中国