英美概况美国概况课件.pptx

1、1The U.S.A2contentsvPart one:GeographyvPart two:History 3GeographyvChapter I:a general introduction vChapter II:populationvChapter III:the fifty StatesvChapter IV:the development of American EconomyvChapter V:the main cities4HistoryvChapter I:colonization of North AmericavChapter II:the American War

2、 of IndependencevChapter III:the growth of the NationvChapter IV:the American Civil WarvChapter V:the U.S Imperialism&WWI vChapter VI:America Before&During WWIIvChapter VII:The postwar America5The Names for the country&the people the United States of America the USA the United States the U.S.America

3、 Uncle Sam Brother Jonathan Yank(Yankee).6The National Flag&Anthem1.National Flag:the Star-Spangled Banner:Meaning:the 50 white stars the 13 stripes 2.National Anthem the star-spangled banner 星条旗永不落7The National Emblem1.the flying white eagle 2.the crown 3.13 stars 4.olive-branch and arrows5.a yello

4、w ribbon e pluribus Unum6.national flag 87.the white eagle/American eagle strength courage freedom immortal “the king among birds”.8.the Emblem stands for:Independence courage power9vPart I Physical Geography Chapter I:a general introduction 1.Three Geographical Divisions2.The three Major River Syst

5、ems3.Climate4.Natural Resources5.Territory10Location11 Total area:9.37 m sq.km the 4th largest countryPopulation:300 millionConsists of:50 states a federal district -the District of Columbia12Topography.13Scenic spots in the west.1.The Yellowstone National Park,Wyoming;2.The Grand Canyon,Arizona;3.Y

6、osemite National Park,California;4.Redwoods forests along the coastline;5.The Death Valley,California;142.the Three Major River System&the five Great Lakes.1)the Gulf system:2)the Atlantic system:3)the Pacific system:4)the Great Lakes15The Gulf System:1.the Mississippi River 2.two main tributaries:M

7、issouri&Ohio16The Atlantic System:1)Hudson River2)Dalaware River3)the Potomac River4)St.Lawrence River17 The Pacific System:1)Columbia River 2)Colorado River 18The Great LakesvLake SuperiorvLake MichiganvLake HuronvLake Erie vLake OntarioSM E H O193.Climate1)The main feature:varied temperate zone&mi

8、ld subtropical zone2)From East to West:A.Northeast coast&the Great Lakes areas:temperate B.Southeast&the Gulf plain:subtropic 20 C.The Central plain:continental climate D.the western plateaus:E.the Pacific coastal areas:F.Alaska:G.Hawaii:213)Disastrous weather 1)Hurricane 2)tornado 3)snowstorm224.Na

9、tural resources rich in deposits:forestry:water power:23Rich deposits1.fuel:coal oil natural gas2.Ferrous&Nonferrous metals:iron ore copper zinc:24 forestry1.1/4 of the territory;2.Northwestern pacific coast:90%3.The North:4.The South:25Water resources Columbia River&Colorado River:the Ohio river Th

10、e Great Lakes&St Lawrence River:26 Territory The expansion of its Territory.27Chapter II Population vThe composition of the population:vThe distribution of population:vThe characteristics of the population:281.Complex composition:1)The native American 2)The white:80%3)The black:4)Mexicans:5)Puerto R

11、icans 6)Japanese,Philippines,Chinese 292.The uneven distribution:1)Atlantic coastal areas:2)the five Great Lakes 3)the Pacific coast;4)the Gulf of Mexico3.The characteristics of the population:1)diversity-cultural pluralism 2)uniformity(assimilation)language habits&ways of living ideas,ideals and ob

12、jectives -a“Melting Pot”30 1.The New England Region:2.The Middle Atlantic Region:3.The South Region:4.The Midwest Region 5.the Region of the Great Plain 6.the West Region:7.Alaska 8.Hawaii 9.Overseas colonies*Chapter III the Fifty States31The New England Region:Six statesMaineNew HampshireVermontMas

13、sachusettsConnecticutRhode IslandMaine N HVermontMassachusettsConnecticut R I32vThe Middle Atlantic Region:6 states New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Maryland Delaware West VirginiaNNJNYPAWVDelawareM33v The South Region:11states Virginia North&South Carolina Georgia Florida Kentucky Tennessee Alabama

14、 Arkansas Mississippi Louisiana VirS CN CGeo FloAlaMisTennes Kentucky Louis Arkan34vThe Midwest Region:8 states Ohio Michigan Indiana Illinois Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri OhioMichiganIndianaIllinoisWisconsin Minnesota IowaMissouri35vThe Region of the Great Plains:6 states North Dakota South Da

15、kota Nebraska Kansas Oklahoma Texas36vThe West Region the mountain states:4 the great plateau states:4 the Pacific Coast states:3 37vthe mountain states:4 Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Montana WyomingColorado New Mexico38vthe great plateau states:4 Idaho Utah Nevada Arizona IdahoUtah NevadaAri

16、zona39the Pacific Coast states:3WashingtonOregonCaliforniaWaOrCa40v7.Alaska41vHawaii42v9.Overseas Colonies:Guam Eastern Samoa Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands43Chapter III American Economy1.Major factors contribute to the U.S.fast economic growth:2.Agriculture3.Industry4.Main characteristics 441.W

17、hat are the major factors contribute to the U.S.fast economic growth?geographic:historic:governmental:452.American Agriculture 1)worlds leading exporter of agricultural products2)highly modernized and intensified3)an important sector in national economy 4)major crops 463.Industry1)the leading indust

18、rial country in the world;2)Major industries:p284.Main features of its economy1)Highly monopolized featuring big corporations p272)Small enterprises are very important and essential p 28 47Chapter IV the Main Cities1.Washington D.C.7.Houston2.New York City 8.San Francisco3.Chicago 9.Boston4.Los Ange

19、les 10.Pittsburgh5.Philadelphia 11.St.Louis6.Detroit48Washington D.C.1.The position the capital the headquarters of all the branches of the American federal system2.location.3.the name:4.the Capital Hill,the Capitol.&the White House.495.Places of interestvThe National Mall.vThe Washington MonumentvT

20、he Library of CongressvThe National Air and Space Museumv the Lincoln Memorial vJefferson Memorial vPotomac River50The map of Washington D.C.n51Capitol.52The National Mall.53The National Air and Space Museum54Lincoln Memorial by Potomac River55Jefferson Memorial.56Washington Monument by Potomac Rive

21、r57Map of New York 58 The Statue of Liberty 59 Wall Street60World Trade Center61Broadway62Time Square:63 Rockefeller Center64Guggenheim Museum65 Metropolitan Museum of Art66Bronx Zoo67Greenwich Village68Washington Arch in Washington Square:69The Fifth Avenue 70Madison Street71Chicago1.location2.Posi

22、tion3.History 72Los Angeles1.location:2.Position:3rd largest city:-shipping,industry,communication center-aviation center:-electronic center-film center:7374Philadelphia.1.Location2.Position 1)historic significance -the birthplace of the nation -“the city of brotherly love”-major historical spots:2)

23、commerce,finance&culture center 75Detroit1.Lies on the Detroit river between Lake Huron&Erie 2.“the motor city”76HoustonSpace City of U.S.Av locationv position -industrial centre of the South West -space city -Agriculture center77San Francisco78vLocationvposition-principal gateways to the East-chief

24、 port and financial center-birthplace of the UN organization-largest Chinese settlement79Boston 1.location 2.position -a major seaport -a city with glorious history -largest market of wool,shoe&leather industries -famous universities 80PittsburghvUpper part of Ohio RivervSteel city81St.Louisvlocatio

25、n vposition -gateway to the West -2nd largest motor city -with highly modernized&specialized industries -rich in natural resources -inland navigation&transportation center -international trade&financial centerv history82Part II American HistoryChapter I:Colonization of North AmericanChapter II:the A

26、merican war of IndependenceChapter III:the Growth of the NationChapter IV:the American Civil WarChapter V:the U.S.Imperialism and the WWIChapter VI:America Before&During the WWIIChapter VII:The Post America 83Chapter I:Colonization of North America1607-1776v1.Native Americanv2.the discovery of Ameri

27、cav3.colonization of North America841.Native AmericanvOriginated from AsiavNamevLived in tribes with kinship as the basis:vGood at decorative art:vLived on hunting and farmingvMajor crops:85 1.two important figures:Christopher Columbus*Amerigo Vespucci*2.The discover of America863.Colonization of No

28、rth America1)the early explorations:A.the Spanish exploration 87B.English exploration:vHenry VII(15th C)vElizabeth age -Francis Drakev the first successful colony Jamestown,Virginia,in 1607;v the eastern shores of the present U.S.88C.French exploration St.Lawrence river,the great lakes,the whole Mis

29、sissippi valley the first permanent colony:Quebec:D.Dutch explorations:Hudson River Manhattan 89French exploration&English exploration.902)The founding of the Thirteen Colonies:A.Reasons that drew people to America:in search of wealth priests spreading Christianity refuge for political dissenters th

30、e thirst for adventure91B.Three sections:the southern colonies:the middle colonies:the north colonies:92The original 13 colonies93Middle colonies.94The PuritanvArose in late 16th C;vPurify the corruptions in Roman Catholic Church as well as ones life and name;vSimplify Catholic ceremoniesvLook upon

31、fun&pleasure as sinfulvIntolerant in naturevGreat influence on both Britain&the U.S.95The Pilgrims and the Mayflowerv Plymouth,Massachusetts,1620961.The origin:Plymouth,Massachusetts,Nov 21,1621.A national holiday in 18632.Intention and manner of celebration:-churches open to give thanks for Gods ge

32、nerosity -Thanksgiving dinner:-Thanksgiving parade:3.A day of celebration and family reunion Thanksgiving973)Colonial Life A.everyday life:shelter:caves,log cabin:clothing:simple and rough:food:plentiful B.Education:-New England -the southern colonies -Harvard in 1636&Yale in 170198C.Religion -Congr

33、egationalists church -Episcopal -various other sectsD.Government:a governor in each colony represents the King *call the legislature:*appoint officers *commander of the colony“militia”.99Chapter II The War of Independence1.The contradiction between Britain&colonies2.The Unity of the colonies3.The fi

34、re of Lexington and the Declaration of Independence4.Progress of the war&its Significance5.The Confederation&the Constitution1001.The Contradictions:1)growing population&wealth results in less dependence on England2)Britains economic exploitation&strict policies A.the Stamp Act B.the Townshend Acts3

35、)resistance and repealing of the Acts:4)the Boston Massacre&committees of correspondence5)the Boston“Tea Party”&“Intolerable Act”101v2.the Unity of the colonies:1)supplies to Boston people after the “Intolerable Acts”2)the first Continental Congress,1774 3)preparations for war -collection for arms&a

36、mmunition -training militia 102v3.The Fire of Lexington&the Declaration of Independence 1)the first shots,1775 2)the Second Continental Congress:-continental Amy&Navy under the command of George Washington -assume the function of a national government103v3)drafting&adoption of the Declaration of Ind

37、ependence,July,4,1776 A.content:-list grievances against British King;-explain the philosophy behind the revolution:B.significance:-marked the birth of a new nation:the United States 104*men have a natural right to “life,liberty,and the pursuit of Happiness”*governments can rule only with“the consen

38、t of the governed”*any government may be dissolved when it fails to protect the rights of the people.105The Declaration of IndependencevWe,therefore,the Representatives of the united States of America,in General congress,Assembled,appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our

39、intentions,do,in the Name,and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies,solemnly publish and declare.106 That these United Colonies are,and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States;that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown,and that all political connection betwe

40、en them and the State of Great Britain,is and ought to be totally dissolved;and that as Free and Independent States,they have full Power to levy War,conclude Peace,contract Alliances,establish Commerce,and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right 107v独立宣言独立宣言v 我们以这些殖民地的善

41、良人民的名义和权我们以这些殖民地的善良人民的名义和权力，谨庄严宣告：这些联合殖民地从此成为、力，谨庄严宣告：这些联合殖民地从此成为、而且名正言顺地应当成为自由独立的合众国，而且名正言顺地应当成为自由独立的合众国，它们解除对于英王的一切隶属关系，而它们它们解除对于英王的一切隶属关系，而它们与大不列颠王国之间的一切政治联系也应从与大不列颠王国之间的一切政治联系也应从此完全废止。此完全废止。v-摘自摘自独立宣言独立宣言108 Later,John Hancock refers to someones signature,so “your John Hancock”means your signatu

42、re.“your John Hancock”1094.progress of the War:1775-17831)the War in the north:the battle of Trenton The battle of Monmouth2)The turning point of the War the victory of Saratoga:3)Help from France a great diplomatic and military victory.110Saratoga BattlevTime:1777vGeneral Burgoyne v.s General Horat

43、io Gates1114)The War in the West5)The War in the South:-Yorktown battle:6)Treaty of Paris Sep,3rd,1783.CanadaFloridaMississippi112Yorktown BattlevTime:1781vCornwallis v.s Washington American-French Alliance1135.The significance:p696.The Confederation and the Constitution:1)Confederation period,1783-

44、17892)the making of the Constitution,1787 A.the background:B.the structure of the government:the executive the judicial the legislative House of Representative Senate 114C.The Bill of Rights:Federalists Anti-federalists John Hamilton.Thomas Jefferson The First Ten Amendments -the Bill of Rights.3)Th

45、e first two politic parties:the Federalists v.s the Republicans.115 two aspects of American politics:-the need for a strong,efficient central authority-the need to ensure individual liberties.116Chapter III the growth of the nation 1.Washingtons Administration&the Federalists government 2.John Adams

46、&the overthrow of Federalists 3.Thomas Jeffersons Administration 4.The War with England 1812-14 5.the Administration of James Monroe&John Adams 6.Andrew Jacksons Administration&the U.S.Mexican War1171.Washingtons Administration&the Federalists government:1)the inauguration 2)the establishment of Cab

47、inet&the Supreme Court 3)measures strengthening central government&the conflicts between Federalists and Republicans2.John Adams&the overthrow of Federalists118 3.Jeffersons Administration 1)the first president inaugurated in Washington 2)took measures to develop the young nation bought Louisiana fr

48、om France1194.The War with England 1812-14 -the Second War of Independence1)The background2)Results:Treaty of Ghent3)Significance:120 5.the Administration of James Monroe&John Adams -three important issues:1)slavery:2)Monroe Doctrine 3)the Political Quarrel between E&W 1216.Andrew Jacksons Administr

49、ation&the U.S.Mexican War1)Andrew Jacksons Administration:A.background B.the role Jackson played *promoting the progress of economy *maintain the unity of the Union *consolidating the capitalist regime 1222)the U.S.-Mexican War(1846-1848):A.cause:expansionism B.nature:an aggressive war C.result:Mexi

50、co lost half of its territory 123GeographyvChapter I:a general introduction vChapter II:populationvChapter III:the fifty StatesvChapter IV:the development of American EconomyvChapter V:the main cities124Chapter II Population vThe composition of the population:vThe distribution of population:vThe cha