简单句陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句课件.ppt

1、简单句简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句感叹句、倒装句)考点直击1陈述句陈述句 陈述句是用于陈述事实和观点的句子，包括肯定结构和否定结构。肯定句变否定句的基本方法如下：1be 动词的否定式：在be动词后面加否定词not。如：We arent classmates.我们不是同学。2情态动词的否定式：在情态动词后面直接加否定词not。如：I cant speak English well.我英语说得不好。3实义动词的否定式：借助助动词do/does/did构成。一般现 在时的句子的否定结构为“主语doesnt/dont动词原形 其他”。如：He doesnt d

2、o exercise every day.他不是每天都锻炼。2疑问句疑问句 疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况。分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。1一般疑问句：通常用来询问一件事情是否属实。答句通 常是“Yes”或“No”。如：Are you tired?你累吗？Yes,I am.是的，我累。2选择疑问句：指提出两个或两个以上的可能答案供对方 选择。如：Shall we go home or stay here for the night?我们回家还是待在这里过夜？3特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的 句子叫特殊疑问句。如：What do you lik

3、e most?你最喜欢什么？4反意疑问句：反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，由两部分组 成，前一部分是对事物的陈述(即陈述句)，后一部分是简短 的提问(即简短疑问句)，中间用逗号隔开。反意疑问句遵循 “前否后肯”、“前肯后否”的原则，且两部分的人称和时态要 保持一致。中考中常见的反意疑问句的构成情况如下：(1)陈述部分为“Let us”时，问句部分习惯上用“will you？”；陈述部分为“Lets”时，问句部分习惯上用“shall we？”。如：Let us go to the cinema,will you?让我们去看电影好吗？Lets go to the cinema,shall we?让我们去

4、看电影好吗？(2)陈述部分为“There(Here)be 主语”时，问句部分用“benotthere(here)？”形式。如：There are two cakes on the plate,arent there?盘子里有两块蛋糕，不是吗？(3)反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little,few,never,hardly,seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如：She seldom goes swimming,does she?她很少去游泳，是吗？(4)陈述部分的主语为指物的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用it。如：Something is wrong with the computer,

5、isnt it?那台电脑有问题了，不是吗？(5)陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they保持一致。如：Someone is knocking at the door,isnt he?有人在敲门，不是吗？(6)反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I(We)dont think(believe,suppose,consider等)that从句”时，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如：I dont think that he has finished the work on time,has he?我认为他没有按时完成工作，

6、不是吗？(7)反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-，im-，in-，dis-等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如：It is unfair,isnt it?这不公平，不是吗？(8)陈述部分为肯定的祈使句时，反意疑问句部分可用“will you/wont you？”；陈述部分为否定的祈使句时，反意疑问句部分只能用“will you？”。如：Dont make any noise,will you?不要制造噪音，好吗？3祈使句祈使句 祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。其否定式是直接在动词原形前加dont。常见的祈使句的基本句型如下：1动词原形其他。

7、如：Be careful.小心。2Do动词原形(加强语气)。如：Do be careful next time.下次要小心。3加please的祈使句(表示更加客气和礼貌)。如：Open the door,please.请打开门。4感叹句感叹句 感叹句一般用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what或how引导，句末用感叹号。1what引导的感叹句(1)Whata/an形容词可数名词单数(主语谓语)！如：What a difficult question it is!多么难的一个问题啊！(2)What形容词可数名词复数/不可数名词(主语谓语)！如：What useful inform

8、ation！多有用的信息啊！2how引导的感叹句(1)How形容词/副词主语谓语！如：How kind they are！他们多和蔼啊！(2)How陈述句(主语谓语)！如：How time flies！时间飞逝！3what引导的感叹句可以和how引导的感叹句互换。如：What a good girl！How good the girl is!多好的女孩啊！5倒装句倒装句1副词位于句首时。here,there,now,then等副词置于句 首时句子要倒装，谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run 等。这种倒装结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称 代词时则不能完全倒装。如：Here he

9、comes.他来了。2only在句首强调状语时。如：Only then did he realize that he was wrong.到那时他才意识到他错了。3以so/neither/nor开头的句子。说明前面的内容也适用于 后者时用倒装句“so/neither/norbe动词/助动词/情态动 词主语”。如：John cant swim,neither can I.约翰不会游泳，我也不会。考点过关 基础过关基础过关 句型转换1Our school is beautiful.(改为感叹句)_ _ our school is!2Diana made great success in her r

10、esearch because she put her effort into it.(改为简单句)Diana made great success in her research _ _ her effort.How beautiful becauseof3The children have never done that before.(改为反意疑问句)The children have never done that before,_ _？4There are fifty students in our class.(对画线部分提问)_ _ students are there in y

11、our class?5Chen Ping received an e-mail last Friday.(改为否定句)Chen Ping _ _ an e-mail last Friday.have they How many didnt receive 中考透视中考透视()1.2013安徽安徽 _can you finish this English exam?In about one and a half hours.A.How far B.How often C.How soon D.How longC ()2.2013温州温州 Its Fathers Day，_？Yes.Lets bu

12、y a gift for Dad.A.isnt it B.doesnt it C.isnt he D.doesnt he A 解析解析根据反意疑问句的句式结构“前肯后否”和上半句的主语it可知正确答案为A。()3.2013雅安雅安 _ lovely the squirrel is!A.What a B.How C.What D.How aB 解析解析感叹句有两种基本句式：“How形容词/副词(主语谓语)！”和“What(a/an)形容词单数可数名词(主语谓语)！”lovely是形容词，所以选B。()4.2012永州永州 _ get off the bus before it stops.ADo

13、nt BDoesnt C.Didnt DHadnt()5.2012济宁济宁 Peter doesnt know many people here._ ASo do I BSo am I CNeither am I DNeither do I AD()1.I dont think she will pass the exam,_？Awont she Bwill she C.does she Ddoesnt()2.Mr Wangs never been to Canada,has he?_.He went there on business last week.ANo,he hasnt BYes,

14、he has CNo,he has DYes,he hasntB B()3.Dont make so much noise,Lily,_？Ado you Bdont you Cwill you Dwont you()4.Youve just finished your listening exam.Please get yourself ready for the next part,_？Ashall we Bwill you Cdo you Dare youCB解析解析祈使句的反意疑问句应用“will you？”。()5.2013安顺安顺 Tom，_ afraid of speaking i

15、n front of people.You are the best one.Adont BnotCnot be Ddont be()6.2013威海威海 _are you leaving for Beijing?In a couple of days.AHow far BHow often CHow soon DHow long()7.There is nothing else to do,_？No,there isnt.We can have a rest.A.is there Bisnt there C.is it Disnt itDC A()8.2013宜宾宜宾 Sam didnt g

16、o to school yesterday,did he?_.He was ill yesterday.AYes,he did BNo,he did CNo,he didnt DYes,he didnt()9.There are more and more foreigners learning Chinese,_？Aare there Barent there Care they Darent theyC B()10.2013兰州兰州 He hasnt watched the movie So Young,has he?_.He told me its very moving and int

17、eresting.Hed like to watch it again.AYes,he has BYes,he hasnt CNo,he hasnt DNo,he has()11.Nothing is more important than life，_？Ais it Bisnt it Care they Darent they()12._afraid of making mistakes.Failure is the mother of success.Thanks for encouraging me.ADont BDont be CNot be DBe notAAB()13.Boys a

18、nd girls，_ your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp.Aputting Bto put Cput up Dput()14._this kind of peach,and you will like it.A.To try BTrying CTry DTried()15._ here on time next time,or youll be punished.Sorry for being late again.ABe B.Being CTo be D.BeenCCA()16._，because its bad fo

19、r your health.ADont to eat too much B.No eat too much CNever eat too much D.Never eating too much()17._ late for school again,Tom.Sorry,I promise that I _.A.Dont;wont BDont be;wont C.Dont be;dont DDont;willC B()18.2013兰州兰州 _ bowl of mutton soup would you like?A big bowl,please.AWhat size BWhat big C

20、How much DHow size()19.2013济南济南 Jenny,I need some milk.OK,Mum._ do you need?AHow much BHow many CHow often DHow longAA()20.2013济南济南 Do you like summer or winter?_.I really like the snow.AYes,I do BNo,I dont CSummer DWinter()21._did you receive the letter?Just now.AWhat BWhen CWhere DWhy()22._？The on

21、e on the stage.AWho are boys BWheres the boy CWhos that boy DWhich boyD B D()23.Have you watered the trees?_.Im too busy and forget it.AYes,I did BYes,I have CNo,I didnt DNo,I havent()24._ wonderful news report he wrote!All of us were proud of him.AWhat a BWhat CHow DHow aD A()25.2013安顺安顺 _ good tim

22、e they had last weekend!AHow BWhat CWhat a DHow a()26.2013广东广东 Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Literature last year._ excellent he is!AHow BWhat C.What a DWhat anCA解析解析 what后面的中心词是名词，how后面的中心词是形容词或副词，又因have a good time是固定结构。故选C。解析解析 how强调形容词，what强调名词，由形容词excellent可知用how强调。故选A。()27.2012广东广东 _exciting

23、it is to swim in the sea while it is hot!AHow BWhat CHow an DWhat an()28.Look,_ dirty the water is!Yes,we should really take some actions to deal with it.A.what a Bwhat Chow Dhow a()29._ we made the snowman last Sunday!AWhat a great fun BWhat great fun CHow a great fun DHow great funA C B()30.Two _

24、died in the accident._ terrible it is!Apolicemen;How Bpoliceman;What C.police;What Dpolicemans;How()31.Dad,do you like my picture?_！Its the nicest one Ive ever seen!AWhat beautiful B.How careful CHow wonderful D.What wonderful picture()32.I have changed my job._.ASo do I BSo have I CSo I do DSo I ha

25、veA C B()33.Tom had got high marks in the last exam._，and so did I.ASo he had BSo had he CSo he did DSo did he()34.If you want to go to see the movie this evening,so _ I.ADo BAm Cwill DshouldAC解析解析用“so 主语be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示同意对方的看法，意为“是的，的确”。()35.Hey,Nick._ comes the last bus!Hurry up,or well have to wa

26、lk home.AThis BThere C.That DIt()36.John cant swim,_ I.A.so can Bnor can Cneither cant Dso do BB解析解析以here/there开头的句子通常完全倒装。故选B。解析解析说明前面的内容也适用于后者时，用倒装句“so/neither/norbe动词/助动词/情态动词主语”。()37.Would you like to go fishing?If Li Ping doesnt go,_.A.so do I Bneither I do C.neither do I Dneither will I()38.Only by taking more exercise _ keep healthy.A.can you Byou can C.are you Dyou areD A