2019版高考英语大一轮复习 语法突破篇 8 非谓语动词课件.ppt

1、第八讲 非谓语动词,01,02,06,针对训练,03,04,动词不定式,动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。其构成形式为(to) do，否定式为：not(to) do。,一、不定式的时态和语态(以write为例),一、不定式的时态和语态,一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。,Its nice to meet you.很高兴见到你。The patient asked to be operated on at once.病人要求马上手术。,1,一、不定式的时态和语态,完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。,I happened t

2、o have seen the film.我碰巧看过这部电影。He is pleased to have been praised.他很高兴得到表扬。,2,一、不定式的时态和语态,进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。,The boy pretended to be working hard.男孩假装学习得很努力。,3,二、不定式的句法功能,作主语,(1)不定式作主语常表示具体的动作To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。,1,名师指津动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语

3、不定式置于句后，例如上面一句改为：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.,二、不定式的句法功能,作主语,(2)it作形式主语的常用句式Itben.to do sthIt takes sbsome timeto do sthItbeadj.for/of sbto do sth,1,名师指津在第三个句式中，若形容词为careless，clever，good，foolish，honest，kind，lazy，nice，right，silly，stupid，wise等表示人的品质特征的形容词，介词常用of，其他形容词用for。Its an

4、honour for me to be invited to give you a speech.对于我来说，我很荣幸被邀请来给你们作报告。It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.你把老师说的每一个字都记下来太愚蠢了。,二、不定式的句法功能,作表语,Her job is to clean the hall.她的工作是打扫大厅。He appears to have caught a cold.他似乎感冒了。,2,二、不定式的句法功能,作宾语,(1)动词不定式常见的此类动词有：afford(付得起)，agree(同

5、意)，aim(力求做到)，appear(显得)，arrange(安排)，ask(要求)，attempt(试图)，care(想要)，choose(决定)，claim(声称)，decide(决定)，demand(要求)，determine(决心)，pretend(假装)等。,3,名师指津如果不定式后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语后置，放在宾语补足语后面。He found it important to study a foreign language.他发现学习一门外语很重要。,She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她

6、假装没看见我。,二、不定式的句法功能,作宾语,(2)动词疑问词不定式常见的此类动词有：decide，know，consider，forget，learn，remember，show，understand，see，wonder，hear，find out，explain，tell等。,3,There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant decide which to buy.有这么多的录音机在特价销售，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。,二、不定式的句法功能,作宾语,(3)介词疑问词不定式,3,He gave us some ad

7、vice on how to learn English.他给了我们一些学英语的建议。,二、不定式的句法功能,作宾语补足语,(1)常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有：want，wish，ask，tell，order，beg，permit，help，advise，persuade，allow，prepare，cause，force，invite，consider，call on，wait for等。,4,Father does not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。We consider Tom to be one of the b

8、est students in our class.我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。,二、不定式的句法功能,作宾语补足语,(2)有些使役动词和感官动词如make，let，have，see，watch，hear，feel等后常跟不带to的不定式作宾补，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to。,4,I saw him cross the road.我看见他穿过公路。He was seen to cross the road.他被看见穿过公路。,二、不定式的句法功能,作定语,动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。有以下几种情况：(1)不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有“动宾关系”，即被修饰的名词是不定

9、式的动作的承受者；如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式动词后加上相应的介词。,5,I have a lot of things to do.我有好多的事情要去做。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有一座舒服的大房子住。,二、不定式的句法功能,作定语,(2)若名词前有序数词、最高级或no, all, only等修饰，后面一般用不定式作定语。,5,He was the last one to leave school yesterday.他是昨天最后一个离开学校的。,二、不定式的句法功能,作定语,(3)有一些抽象名词常用不定式作

10、定语，常见的有：ability，chance, attempt, decision, warning, promise等。,5,Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.他们放弃实验的决定让我们很吃惊。,二、不定式的句法功能,作状语,(1)表示目的，可以放在句末，也可以放在句首。,6,He worked day and night to get the money.他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。To buy the watch chain，she sold her hair.她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。,名师指津不定式作目的状语时

11、，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：To save money，every means has been tried.()To save money，he has tried every means.()为了省钱，他使出了浑身解数。,二、不定式的句法功能,作状语,(2)表示结果，往往是与预期愿望相反的结果 ，常放在never ，only等词后。,6,He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.他匆匆赶到车站，只见火车已经走了。,二、不定式的句法功能,作状语,(3)表示原因，常放在形容词后面。,6,They were very sa

12、d to hear the news.他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。,二、不定式的句法功能,作状语,(4)表示程度：常用结构是too.to.，enough to.,6,Its too dark for us to see anything.太暗了，我们什么也看不见。The question is simple enough for him to answer.这问题由他来回答是很简单的。,二、不定式的句法功能,作插入语,7,To tell you the truth，I dont like the way he talked.说实话，我不喜欢他讲话的方式。,三、不定式的省略,不定式中动词的省略：保

13、留to省略to后的动词。,1,If you dont want to do it，you dont need to.如果你不想做这件事，你就不必做。,三、不定式的省略,不定式符号to的省略：两个并列的不定式，第二个不定式符号to可省略。,2,He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.他希望学医并成为医生。,名师指津在下列结构中to 为介词，后接动词时要用动名词。look forward tobe/get/become used to stick to devote.to.object to lead toprefer.to. belong

14、toThe couple has been used to living in the south.这对夫妇已经习惯于住在南方了。,动名词,动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。其构成形式为：doing，其否定式为：notdoing。,一、动名词的时态和语态(以write为例),一、动名词的时态和语态,动名词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。,Seeing is believing.眼见为实。We remembered having seen the film.我们记得看过这部电影。,1,一、动名词的时态和语态,动名

15、词被动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。,He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。,2,二、动名词的句法功能,作主语,动名词作主语常表示一般的动作Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。Collecting stamps is interesting.集邮很有趣。,1,

16、二、动名词的句法功能,作主语,1,名师指津当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语，常用于下列句型中： Its no use quarreling with her. 与她吵架是没用的。,二、动名词的句法功能,作表语,In the ant city，the queens job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。,2,二、动名词的句法功能,作宾语,(1)作动词(短语)的宾语。要记住下列动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy，finish，suggest，avoid(避免)，excuse，delay，imagine，keep，miss，consider，admit(承认)

17、，deny(否认)，mind，permit，forbid，practise，risk(冒险)，appreciate(感激)，be busy，be worth，feel like，cant stand，cant help(情不自禁地)，think of，dream of，be fond of，prevent.(from)，keep.from，stop.(from)，protect.from，set about，be engaged in，spend.(in)，succeed in，be/get used to(习惯于)，look forward to，object to，pay attentio

18、n to，insist on，feel like,3,They havent finished building the dam.他们还没有建好大坝。,二、动名词的句法功能,作宾语,(2)作介词的宾语,3,We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。,名师指津动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it。We found it no good making fun of others.我们发现取笑他人不好。,二、动名词的句法功能,作定语,动名词作定语表示的是被修饰的事物的性质或用途。,4,He bought a ticket for a sleeping car for his vacation.为了假期，他买了一张卧铺车票。There is a swimming pool in the backyard.在后院有个游泳池。,三、动名词