阅读技巧distinguishingfactfromopinion汇编课件.ppt

1、阅读技巧-Distinguishing-Fact-From-OpinionQuestions What facts were presented in the article?What evidence did the author include to support statements of fact?What hypotheses did the author present in the selection?What opinions were revealed in the selection?Can(this statement)be proven true or false?H

2、ow did the author convey the validity of the information?What words and phrases did the author use to let readers know that an idea was a fact or an opinion?What is fact?Facts are statements that tell what really happens or what the case is,and they are usually based on direct evidences.Therefore,a

3、fact can be proved or disproved with direct evidence.Facts,once verified or taken from a reputable source,can be accepted and regarded as reliable information.You can find facts in legal records,scientific findings,encyclopedias,atlases（地图集）,etc.What is fact?Examples:1.Her mother,Deborah,all along h

4、ad been supportive of our relationship,and even joked about when we were going to get married so she could have grandchildren.-a past state of affairs 2.In the third and final stage,people often fell weak,tired,and out of breath-and exercise performance is severely compromised.-the sentence reports

5、how people feel in the final stage.What is opinion?Opinions are not reliable sources of information but statements of belief,judgment or feeling and should be questioned and carefully evaluated.Opinions involve someones taste and preference and show what someone thinks or feels about a subject.Opini

6、ons cant be proven to everyones satisfaction.What is opinion?Some words can serve as clues to statements of some kinds of opinion.1.I believe,I think,I feel,I suggest,in my opinion,in my view,it is likely that,seemingly,presumably,one explanation is apparently,may mean,it would seem,estimates,claims

7、,it is apparent that,is considered to be,it appears,calculates,are convinced that,(experts)believe,likely to,predicts E.g.:Im sure that time will only confirm what we feel deeply about each other.What is opinion?2.probably,perhaps,possibly,usually,often,sometimes,on occasion(are used to limit a stat

8、ement of fact and to indicate the possibility of other opinions)Examples:Maybe our children will have some problems,but whose children dont?It has often been remarked that the saddest thing about youth is that it is wasted on the young.What is opinion?3.“qualifier words”,emotive words like:best,disg

9、usting,good,great,nice,terrible,the best,beautiful,ugly,the lowest,pretty,the worst,the most Examples:When we met I saw him as my beloved,intelligent,charming and caring.Cape Town is the best city to live in,or Durban is the best city.What is opinion?4.emotive response(the use of exaggerated,emotion

10、al words to describe the writers response to something may signal that opinion,not fact,will follow):horrified,shocked,humiliated,enraged Example:No,it isnt really music.Its weird.It is definitely horrible stuff.What is opinion?5.Confident assertions(sounds like proven facts but may actually be opin

11、ion):the problem is,the solution is,itss fault,certainly,frankly,obviously.Example:Thats the way it should be.Oscar Wilde had it right when he said we ought to give our ability to our work but our genius to our lives.More Examples 1.If iron levels are low,talk with a physician to see if the deficien

12、cy should be corrected by modifying your diet or by taking supplements.-imperative sentences 2.In general,its better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet,because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings.The difficulties in separating fact from opinion Mixture of fact

13、and opinion When we are reading for information,the first step is to make sure whether the article has presented us facts or opinions and to what extent they are reliable.Examples:They were peered at cautiously from behind curtains by the timid.-To state the fact that the persons were being peered a

14、t from behind curtains.-thus the sentence is basically factual.Mixture of fact and opinion When we have a mixture of fact and opinion in a single statement,we must decide whether the main point of the sentence is essentially fact or opinion.Sometimes an opinion is presented as if it were a fact:Exam

15、ple:But one thing theyll always have:our love and devotion.-On the surface it is a statement of fact,but actually it is only a promise,something yet to be realized in the future.Make sure to remember that facts are verifiable by someone other than the reader and that opinions express feelings,unsupp

16、orted beliefs and preferences.Sometimes facts look like opinions and vice versa.Your opinion and the writers When you agree with the writers opinion:When we believe something very strongly,its easy to mistake our opinions for facts.1.Sports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance ath

17、letes,particularly females,frequently have iron deficiencies.-This is a fact as it is a sentence simply about sport medicine experts observation.Your opinion and the writers 2.Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms.-An opinion The writers attitude towards the matter being t

18、alked about.Guidelines 1.Statements dealing with persons,places,objects,or occurrences that exist or did exist,and that can have their truth or falsity proved,are facts.Example:In last nights class,Dr.John spoke on methods of teaching English.Guidelines 2.Statements whose truth or falsity can be pro

19、ved or disproved are statements of fact even when they could be in error and proved false.In fact,then,is not always accurate or correct.Examples:Three hundred and twenty-seven teachers from forty-nine schools attended the school-boarding meeting.It is sunny outside.-If truth or falsity can be prove

20、d,it is a statement of fact.Guidelines 3.Statements that deal with evaluations,attitudes or probabilities are statements of opinion because they cannot be proved true or false.Example:Not enough people care about the political situation to ensure any change.-It is opinion because it cant be proved b

21、y objective means.-Statements of opinion are often presented in an authoritative voice-dont be confused.If it cant be proved,it is still opinion no matter how definite it sounds.Guidelines 4.Statements about future events are opinions even when those events seem very probable.Example:Eventually,cons

22、umption of water will be strictly regulated by the federal government.-Perhaps one day this will come to pass,but perhaps it wont.Either way,this is still an opinion.Guidelines 5.Statements of fact use more concrete words referring to things,events,or measurable characteristics.Words such as blue,ro

23、ck,bottle,ten years,130 pounds are all concrete words.Guidelines 6.Statements of opinion may rely on abstract words.Abstract words refer to things that cant be touched or measured,such as faith,love,hope,courage,patriotism,health.Guidelines 7.Look for words that interpret ones opinions such as pretty,ugly,handsome,dangerous,evil,attractive,well-dressed,good,etc.此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢