中译英技巧重复词语和重复结构处理课件.ppt

1、重复词语和重复结构的处理重复词语和重复结构的处理 为了加强语气，求得句子的平衡、为了加强语气，求得句子的平衡、对称或其他修辞效果，往往使用重对称或其他修辞效果，往往使用重复词语或重复结构，即在一个句子复词语或重复结构，即在一个句子或相连的几个句子中不止一次地重或相连的几个句子中不止一次地重复使用同一个词语或同一结构。复使用同一个词语或同一结构。但是汉英在语言结构和习惯用法等但是汉英在语言结构和习惯用法等方面不同特征，所以运用方面不同特征，所以运用“重复重复”手段时必然有相同与不同之处，因手段时必然有相同与不同之处，因此介绍以下几种恰当处理重复词语、此介绍以下几种恰当处理重复词语、结构的方法。结

2、构的方法。一、省略一、省略 在不影响明确、完整地传达原义的前提下，在不影响明确、完整地传达原义的前提下，根据英语表达习惯，将汉语中重复出现的饿根据英语表达习惯，将汉语中重复出现的饿此海域或结构加以省略或简化。此海域或结构加以省略或简化。这是这是宝地宝地！要不是！要不是宝地宝地，怎么人越来越多？，怎么人越来越多？This is a lucky place;if it isnt,This is a lucky place;if it isnt,why do more and more people come to why do more and more people come to live h

3、ere?live here?我们能够去掉不良我们能够去掉不良作风作风，保持优良，保持优良作风作风。We can get rid of a bad style and keep the We can get rid of a bad style and keep the good.good.老赵：要是老赵：要是听我的话听我的话，我会帮助你，找条正道，我会帮助你，找条正道儿；要是不儿；要是不听我的话听我的话，你终究是玩完！，你终究是玩完！Lao Zhao:If you follow my advice,Ill Lao Zhao:If you follow my advice,Ill help yo

4、u to get on the right track,if you help you to get on the right track,if you dont,then you are done for.dont,then you are done for.二、代替二、代替 代词词或名词词 英语惯于使用代词、名词及其他词组来代替重复英语惯于使用代词、名词及其他词组来代替重复出现的部分。出现的部分。他（蒋介石）上台了，非但不感谢他（蒋介石）上台了，非但不感谢人民人民，还把，还把人人民民一巴掌打了下去，把一巴掌打了下去，把人民人民推入了十年内战的血推入了十年内战的血海。海。Once in po

5、wer,Chiang Kai-shek far from Once in power,Chiang Kai-shek far from being grateful to the people,knocked them being grateful to the people,knocked them down and plunged them into ten years of down and plunged them into ten years of civil war.civil war.艾奇逊们对于舆论的看法，混淆了反动派的艾奇逊们对于舆论的看法，混淆了反动派的舆舆论论和人民的和人

6、民的舆论舆论。In considering public opinion,the In considering public opinion,the Achesons have mixed up the public opinion Achesons have mixed up the public opinion of the reactionaries with that of the of the reactionaries with that of the people.people.非洲非洲人民正在为争取人民正在为争取非洲非洲的彻底解放进行着艰的彻底解放进行着艰巨的斗争。巨的斗争。T

7、he people of Africa are waging a hard The people of Africa are waging a hard struggle to win the complete emancipation struggle to win the complete emancipation of the continent.of the continent.一定的文化，是一定的文化，是一定社会的政治和经济一定社会的政治和经济的反的反应，又给予伟大的影响和作用于应，又给予伟大的影响和作用于一定社会的政一定社会的政治和经济。治和经济。Any given culture

8、 is a reflection of the Any given culture is a reflection of the politics and economies of a given politics and economies of a given society,and the former in turn has a society,and the former in turn has a tremendous influence and effect upon the tremendous influence and effect upon the latter.latt

9、er.do,do so 或 so do 来代替重复出现的主要动词或整个谓语部分 你答应了你答应了帮助他帮助他就应该就应该帮助他帮助他。Since you promised,you should help him.Since you promised,you should help him.我们开了一次会，劝大家我们开了一次会，劝大家到群众里面去到群众里面去。后来。后来许多人许多人去了去了，得到了很好的效果。，得到了很好的效果。We held a meeting and advised them to go We held a meeting and advised them to go amo

10、ng the masses.Later on,many did,among the masses.Later on,many did,and the results were very good.and the results were very good.用 so,as 代替 中国人是中国人是勇敢的勇敢的，中国共产党也是，中国共产党也是勇敢的勇敢的，他，他们一定要解放全中国。们一定要解放全中国。Chinese people are brave,so is the Chinese people are brave,so is the Communist Party of China,and t

11、hey are Communist Party of China,and they are determined to liberate the whole China.determined to liberate the whole China.自周秦以来，中国是一个自周秦以来，中国是一个封建封建社会，其政治是社会，其政治是封建封建的政治，其经济是的政治，其经济是封建封建的经济。的经济。From the Zhou and Qin dynasty onwards,From the Zhou and Qin dynasty onwards,Chinese society was feudal,a

12、s were its Chinese society was feudal,as were its politics and economies.politics and economies.用其他词或词组代替 空洞干燥的教条式是要空洞干燥的教条式是要破坏创作情绪的破坏创作情绪的，但是它，但是它们不但们不但破坏创作情绪破坏创作情绪，而且首先破坏了马克思主，而且首先破坏了马克思主义。义。Empty,dry dogmatic formulas do indeed Empty,dry dogmatic formulas do indeed destroy the creative mood;not

13、only that,destroy the creative mood;not only that,they first destroy Marxism.they first destroy Marxism.那时将那时将不要不要军队，也军队，也不要不要兵船，兵船，不要不要军用飞机，军用飞机，也也不要不要毒气。毒气。Neither armies,nor warships,nor military Neither armies,nor warships,nor military aircraft,nor poison gas will then be aircraft,nor poison gas

14、 will then be needed.needed.代替法是处理重复问题的有效方法之一，代替法是处理重复问题的有效方法之一，方式多样，好处明显。但是运用时一定方式多样，好处明显。但是运用时一定要紧密联系上下文，做到指代分明，毫要紧密联系上下文，做到指代分明，毫不含混；分则，宁可重复不要滥用代称。不含混；分则，宁可重复不要滥用代称。三、合并 讲重复词语或结构全部抽提出来，总译一次，讲重复词语或结构全部抽提出来，总译一次，加在全部有关词语或结构的前面或后面，统管加在全部有关词语或结构的前面或后面，统管兼顾。兼顾。中国人民历来是中国人民历来是勇于勇于探索、探索、勇于勇于创造、创造、勇于勇于革革命

15、的。命的。The Chinese people have always been The Chinese people have always been courageous to probe into things,to make courageous to probe into things,to make inventions and to make revolution.inventions and to make revolution.要要相信和依靠相信和依靠群众，群众，相信和依靠相信和依靠人民解人民解放军，放军，相信和依靠相信和依靠干部的大多数。干部的大多数。We must hav

16、e faith in and rely on We must have faith in and rely on t h e m a s s e s,t h e P e o p l e s t h e m a s s e s,t h e P e o p l e s Liberation Army and the majority of Liberation Army and the majority of the cadres.the cadres.在今后五年内，要在今后五年内，要实现实现财政经济状况的财政经济状况的根本好根本好转转，实现实现社会风气的社会风气的根本好转根本好转，实现实现党风的

17、党风的根根本好转。本好转。In the coming five years a fundamental In the coming five years a fundamental turn for the better should be made in turn for the better should be made in the financial and economic situation,in the financial and economic situation,in standards of social conduct and in Party standards of

18、 social conduct and in Party stylestyle四、部分重复 汉语中重复使用的词语或结构，英译时只重复汉语中重复使用的词语或结构，英译时只重复使用其部分词语或结构。这样可以保证译文达使用其部分词语或结构。这样可以保证译文达意，又不至于过份累赘。意，又不至于过份累赘。决定决定什么东西是应当称赞或歌颂什么东西是应当称赞或歌颂的，的，什么什么东西是不应当称赞或歌颂的东西是不应当称赞或歌颂的，什么东西什么东西应当反应当反对的。对的。decide what to commend and praise,decide what to commend and praise,wha

19、t not to,and what to oppose.what not to,and what to oppose.这种新民主主义的文化是科学的。它是反对一这种新民主主义的文化是科学的。它是反对一切封建思想和迷信思想，切封建思想和迷信思想，主张主张实事求是，实事求是，主张主张客观真理，客观真理，主张主张理论和实践一致的。理论和实践一致的。New democratic culture is scientific.New democratic culture is scientific.Opposed as it is to all feudal and Opposed as it is to

20、all feudal and superstitious ideas,it stands for superstitious ideas,it stands for seeking truth from facts,for objective seeking truth from facts,for objective truth and for the unity of theory and truth and for the unity of theory and practice.practice.五、用名词复数表达重复 战争是战争是民族和民族民族和民族，国家和国家国家和国家，阶级和阶级

21、阶级和阶级，政治集团和政治集团政治集团和政治集团之间互相斗争的最高形式。之间互相斗争的最高形式。War is the highest form of struggle betwWar is the highest form of struggle between nations,states,classes or politicaeen nations,states,classes or political groups.l groups.我们向受压迫的各国人民提供政治的我们向受压迫的各国人民提供政治的支援支援和经和经济的济的支援支援。We offered the oppressed peop

22、les our polWe offered the oppressed peoples our political and economic supports.itical and economic supports.六、全部重复 为了明确传达原文意思，避免产生歧义。翻译为了明确传达原文意思，避免产生歧义。翻译带有政策性的文件时，这点尤为重要。带有政策性的文件时，这点尤为重要。各大城市可以暂时不去处理各大城市可以暂时不去处理摊贩摊贩，但对，但对独独立手工业户立手工业户和和家庭商业家庭商业最好给予处理。各中等最好给予处理。各中等城市在城市在“五反五反”中最好对中最好对独立工商户及摊贩均独立工商户

23、及摊贩均给予处理给予处理。In big cities the street vendors may be In big cities the street vendors may be left alone for the time being,but the left alone for the time being,but the independent handicraftsmen and family independent handicraftsmen and family traders had better be dealt with.In traders had better

24、be dealt with.In medium-sized cities it would be better medium-sized cities it would be better to deal with both the independent to deal with both the independent handicraftsmen and traders and the handicraftsmen and traders and the street vendors in this movement.street vendors in this movement.为了保

25、证原文的强调语气和独特风格为了保证原文的强调语气和独特风格 他们他们偷，偷，他们他们抢，抢，他们他们欺诈，谁也不敢惹他欺诈，谁也不敢惹他们。们。They steal,they rob,they swindle;no They steal,they rob,they swindle;no one dares to cross their path.one dares to cross their path.这是这是革命革命的春天，这是的春天，这是人民人民的春天，这是的春天，这是科学科学的春天的春天！This is the springtime for the This is the spring

26、time for the revolution,this is the springtime for revolution,this is the springtime for the people,this is the springtime for the people,this is the springtime for science!science!主谓重复，英译时照搬 青年就是青年青年就是青年 Youth is youth.Youth is youth.对的就是对的，不对的就是不对的。对的就是对的，不对的就是不对的。What is right is right and what i

27、s wrong What is right is right and what is wrong is wrong.is wrong.练习练习 我们的国家现在还是一个很穷的国家。我们的国家现在还是一个很穷的国家。我们的毛病还很多。我们不怕说出自己的毛病，我们的毛病还很多。我们不怕说出自己的毛病，我们一定要改正自己的毛病。我们一定要改正自己的毛病。成绩有两重性，错误也有两重性。成绩有两重性，错误也有两重性。你不愿意落后，她也不愿意落后。你不愿意落后，她也不愿意落后。一个地方有一个地方的全局，一个国家有一个一个地方有一个地方的全局，一个国家有一个国家的全局。国家的全局。青年团要配合党的中心工作，但

28、在配合党的中青年团要配合党的中心工作，但在配合党的中心工作中，要有自己的的独立工作，要照顾青心工作中，要有自己的的独立工作，要照顾青年的特点。年的特点。我们必须积极采用新技术，新设备，新工艺，我们必须积极采用新技术，新设备，新工艺，新材料。新材料。Ours is still a very poor country.Ours is still a very poor country.We still have many failings.We are not afraid We still have many failings.We are not afraid to admit them an

29、d are determined to get rid of to admit them and are determined to get rid of them.them.Achievements have a dual character and so have Achievements have a dual character and so have mistakes.mistakes.You dont want to lag behind.Neither does You dont want to lag behind.Neither does she.she.A locality

30、 has its own over-all interest and a A locality has its own over-all interest and a nation has another.nation has another.The Youth League must co-ordinate its The Youth League must co-ordinate its activities with the Partys central tasks,activities with the Partys central tasks,but in so doing it m

31、ust have its own but in so doing it must have its own independent activities and take the independent activities and take the characteristics of youth into considerations.characteristics of youth into considerations.We must actively introduce new techniques,We must actively introduce new techniques,equipment,technologies and material.equipment,technologies and material.