大型商业购物中心设计研发标准化教学课件.pptx

1、01设计和设计团队1.1设计和设计管理2.2迚度控制1.3设计团队01 Design and Design Team1.Design and Design Management2.Schedule Control3.Design TeamDesign and Design ManagementDesignTenantClientCustomerPractical and reliableReturn of investmentSafe and comfortableLogic Behind DesignInput design program(uncertainties)Scheme clar

2、ification:store areas of each floor and retail types(changeable)Make Store and Retail Type Tracking Table as effective communication file with retail consultant(basis)After sign-off of scheme,design changes raised by retail consultant shall be recorded in order to controlschedule and cost(basically

3、finalized)If there were design changes required from the government or caused by technical issues during design developmentand construction stage,designers should always make retail consultant informed and confirmed.(Finalized)Schedule ControlDesign cycle,construction cycle and operation cycleplanma

4、sterschematic designdevelopment designconstruction designother professionsojectcontract prstructionconcompletedionpre-constructjectauxiliary proTeamMajor Consultants:Architectural MEStructural Interior Curtain wall Transportation Landscape Signage LightingCostEnergy Saving02 提高使用率的因素1.空间尺度2.后勤空间02 I

5、mprove Usage Rate1.Spatial Dimension2.BOH SpaceSpatial DimensionIncrease usage rate by applying reasonable column gridGeneric column grid used are:8.4*8.4,9.0*9.0,9.0*11.0Column GridInner StreetShen ZhenNan NingShen YangHang ZhouCheng DuSpatial DimensionMain AtriumThe area is controlled around 600-1

6、000sm and the span is around 30m normallySuch as Mixc Shenzhen,it has a round atrium with diameter of 30mLinear AtriumThe area is controlled around 250-300sm and the span is around 9-11m normallySuch as Mixc Hangzhou,its atrium width is 9-10mOn the premise of meeting scale requirement,control the di

7、mension of atriumMixc ShenzhenMixc HangzhouAs for nodal atrium,parallel line shapedspace has higher usage rate;Vertically,staggered floors at atrium space can decrease FAR area and increase shopping area;The ground floor has highest value,too many accesses will lower usage rate.Spatial DimensionOn t

8、he premise of meeting scale requirement,control the dimension of atriumMixc GanzhouMixc HefeiBOH AreaEfficient and convenient delivery circulation will decrease BOH area and increase usage rateBOH AreaReasonable layout of evacuation passage and staircase will decrease BOH area and increase usage rat

9、eOn the premise of two safety exits for one fire zone,staircases are better to be grouped.03商业设计难点及应对策略 1.功能复合2.后勤区设计3.结构设计4.机电布置5.卫生间设计6.消防策略03 Difficulties and Corresponding Strategies1.Composite Functions2.BOH Design3.Structural Design4.M&E Layout5.Bathroom Design6.Fire StrategyMixc NanningCompos

10、ite FunctionsShopping centers are usually integrated with residential,office,hotel etc.Composite FunctionsShared PlantIndependent PlantsShopping centers are usually integrated with residential,office,hotel etc.Different functions are physically divided on plan,with separate M&E system,connected park

11、ing space and independent accessesBOH DesignGoods circulation is composed of truck lane,loadingzone,receiving,service elevator,trash room.Staff circulation is normally combined with goods circulationKeywords:hidden,efficient,cleanExteriorEntryunloading pointservice circulationFOHWarehouseMixc Shenzh

12、en B1Mixc Shenzhen L3BOH DesignUnloading Model A-distributed undergroundUnloading zones are usually on B1 floor,if the value of B1 floor is high,they can be put on B2 floorDelivered all day to all storesDelivery Model A-independentIndependent delivery passage at the back side of each store.Customer

13、circulation and goods circulation are separated.unloading platformelevatorpassageMixc Shenzhen B1BOH DesignCase analysis of goods circulationtruck circulationunloading zoneMixc Shenzhen B1Case analysis of goods circulationunloading platformdelivery circulationelevatorBOH DesignMixc Shenzhen L1Case a

14、nalysis of goods circulationBOH DesignUnloading Model B-concentrated undergroundUnified management,less effect on other types of retail Delivered all day to all stores through goods passageDelivery Model B-mixedNo independent and hidden delivery passage,goods are delivered through corridor.unloading

15、 zoneBOH passageelevatorBOH DesignUnloading Model C-unload on groundunloading zone is on ground,usually seen in community shopping centersLoading zone on groundGoods passageBOH DesignAppropriate delivery mode is the magic weapon making BOH circulation smoothWith respect to different situations,selec

16、t appropriate delivery modeTrash CollectionTrash circulation can be shared with goods circulation,trash rooms should be put near the service elevator on the unloading floor and wet and dry trash rooms should be separated.Trash RMTrash RMTrash RMGoods passageElevatorElevatorBOH DesignStaff Circulatio

17、nThere should have independent staff entry,locker room and bathroom.Staff circulation can not be convoluted with customer circulationProperty management offices are usually put at places with low value,such as basement and higher levels.Shenzhen Yitian Holiday PlazaCloud Nine Shopping Mall,Hong Kou,

18、ShanghaiBOH DesignStructural DesignCost ComparisonOption 1Option 2Option 3Option 4Option 1-lowest beam cost and highest slab costOption 2-lowest slab cost and highest beam cost Option 3-Median slab and beam costOption 4-Highest costRanking:Option 1=Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 1 and Option 2 ca

19、n save 10%cost than other two optionsCross section dimension and floor heightColumn GridGirderBeamColumnUse 500mm-high flat beam for garageUse 350mm-high beam and 100mm-thick slab for garage mezzanineHeight of large-span concrete beam is 1/18-1/25 of spanHeight of large-span steel beam is 1/25-1/35

20、of spanHeight of truss is 1/12-1/20 of spanStructural DesignStructural DesignAtrium Steel StructureSteel structure shall be used when:1The span is over 20m and concrete beam can not be continuous;2 The overhang is over 6m3The building is odd-shaped and can not be realized by using concrete beams4It

21、is roof of ice skating rink 5 It is skylight of atriumStructural DesignAtrium Steel StructureStructural DesignDifficulty One:big opening at atriumIf big opening is inevitable,thin/narrow slabs around the perimeter of the opening should be avoided.Reinforce the linking bridges and narrow areas.Stress

22、 analysisDifficulty Two:overlong structureStructural DesignSolutions:1.Spacing between shrinkage joints:40m2.50%continuous top reinforcing steel bars for slabs3.Strengthen waist reinforcing steel bars4.Concrete mixture proportion test5.Use alternate segment concrete pouringmethod in constructionIf a

23、ppropriate design method was used,concrete additive would not be used and basement joints would be avoidedCost will increase 20RMB/SM if overlong structure dont have joints6.Reinforcing bars of slabs surroundingcore area can be strengthenedDifficulty Three:adaptability of structural design to change

24、d functionsA paradox:The more loads reserved,the higher the cost,the less loads reserved,the less adjustments can be done.So,select a appropriate load according to experience is very important.Special loads should be reserved for:1.Pre-planned routes and parking zone of man lift.2.Hanging elements o

25、f atrium3.Delivery route of heavy equipment4.OthersStructural DesignM&E LayoutKeypoints:F&B:power consumption is twice and AC load is three times more than common retail.Gas pipe well shouldbe located near exterior wall and well ventilated.Area of smoke exhaust well:4m/1000mClear retail positioning:

26、Is it for rent,for sale,on hold,high-end or low-end?Equipment need replacing every 20 years,if the property type is not clear,it will be very hard to operate,charge fees and maintain in the future;Different level of retail have different standard value of equipment for calculation.Anchor shop has gr

27、eat influence on ME system,it may needs independent oil separator,water tank.Anchor shop always has its own standards and systems,it has higher requirement on equipment loads than common retail types.As there have uncertainties of retail type,some ME space should be reserved.Retail planning needs to

28、 be as accurate as possible.Scale and position of F&B,especially the air and smokeexhaust well,have great influence on M&E,M&E LayoutReasonable planning of M&E wellsService radius is normally 50mLocate fresh air well near the core,avoiding adjustment after recruiting of tenantsDue to uncertainties o

29、f retail,reserved fresh air wells are recommendedAll M&E pipes should be laid in public areas,BOH passages and publiccorridorsBathroomEvenly distributedKeypointBathroomKeypointThere should have waiting area on ground floor and on floors which have large number of customersSeparate wash rooms for ten

30、ants and subcontractorIf conditions allowed,nursery should be independent(including nursing room and feeding room)For floors with concentrated high-end retail,number of toilets should be increased.Male-to-female ratio of cubicle number is 1:0.71:1,in reality,it is not enough for female,so it is sugg

31、ested to adjust the ratio to 1:11:1.5Bathrooms divided into customer bathrooms,tenant bathrooms and staff bathrooms,mainly customer bathrooms.At places with large number of customers,such as cinemaand food plaza,number of toilets should be increased.Combine parent&children room with accessible bathr

32、oom,add toilet and washbasin for childrenparent&children bathroomNurseryFire Protection StrategyKeypoints:MaterplanningEvacuation Way and Fire Zone of Atrium Exit Stairs and Exit PassageClassification and Characteristics of Fire Shutter/Curtain Underground RetailFire Protection of Cinema and Ice Ska

33、tingMaster PlanningRelevant statutory codes for circular-shaped fire truck circulationClause 6.0.1-If the length of building along the street is over 150m or its total length is over 220m,a ground level easement allowing for fire truck access across the site shall be established.If there is difficul

34、ty,circular-shaped fire truck circulation shall be establised.Clause 4.3.1-Circular-shaped fire truck circulationshall be established around the high-rise building.If there is difficulty to establish circular-shaped circulation,fire truck circulation can be established along the two long sides of th

35、e high-rise building.If the length of high-rise building along the street is over 150m or its total length is over 220m,a ground level easement allowing for fire truck access across the site shall be established.Fire Protection StrategyMaster PlanningFiretruck circulation,staging and climbingface la

36、youtFire Protection StrategyThe area of fire zone for atrium of high-rise building shall be counted by adding the areas of openedup floors.When the area is over one fire zone,it shall be in compliance with the following stipulations:The doors and windows of rooms that open into cloister of atrium sh

37、all be automatic closing Class B fire doors and fire windows.Vestibule,corridor etc.that opening into atrium,shall be separated from the atrium by Class B fire door or three hour-rated fire shutter.Automatic sprinkler system and automatic fire alarm system shall be installed in cloisters of atrium o

38、n every floor.Fire Protection StrategyEvacuation Way and Fire Zone of AtriumCode for Fire Protection Design of Tall BuildingsClause 5.1.5Fire Protection StrategyEvacuation Way and Fire Zone of AtriumClassificationModel 1:Divide along storefrontsModel 2:Divide across atriumModel 3:Exceptional Cases1

39、Atrium is not included in the shopping area 2 No fire zone and smoke proof zone3 Customers will be evacuated toward back side rather than toward atrium1 Atrium is included in the shopping area 2 Atrium is split into different fire zones3 Customers can be evacuated toward atrium 4 Cloister can be tak

40、en as evacuate passageDesign according to Evaluation ReportModel 1:Divide along storefrontsFire Protection StrategyEvacuation Way and Fire Zone of AtriumEvacuation Way and Fire Zone of AtriumFire Protection StrategyModel 1:Divide along storefrontsAdvantages:As an independent fire zone,no fire curtai

41、n needed within,the integrity of atrium will not be broken.Atrium is not included in shopping area,when calculating total evacuation width,its area will not be included in.Some provincial codes:1.If the length of partition is over 30m,the length of fire curtain should not exceed 1/3 of thelength of

42、partition2.As a kind of corridor,atrium is still a part of shopping area,and still needs to be calculated into evacuation width.Fire Protection StrategyEvacuation Way and Fire Zone of AtriumModel 2:Divide across atriumNational regulations are enacted atearly days,however,various new kinds of retail

43、are emerging nowadays,clear codes can not be found for some new design issues,so,breakthrough happen at grey zonesComply with national regulations strictly will constrain your thoughtsFire Protection StrategyModel 3:Exceptional Cases(Wanda Model-anchor shop+indoor pedestrian street+flanked junior an

44、chors)Disadvantages:1 No national regulation to refer to,only proved by some experts in some provinces2 Retail types and circulation are fixed,can not apply to other retail types3Levels of indoor pedestrian street can only be 3,atrium space can not be used.4 Although fire curtains are not used,fire

45、glass and sprinklers are neededAdvantages:1.Only one integrated fire zone,and its area can exceed national regulated area.No fire curtain needed for junior anchor shops.2.Evacuate from staircase to outdoor area on ground floor is a difficulty for common large-scale retail,as they always have long de

46、pth,but in Wanda cases,evacuate to indoor pedestrian street is enough.Fire Protection StrategyCalculate width of exit stairsTotal Width=Shopping Area*Reduced Value of Area*Reduced Value of Occupant*Exit Width IndexB2B1,1F,2F3F4F and above1F,2F3F4F and aboveBasement height 10mA&BCDFire Protection Str

47、ategyOccupant Loada.Adjoining fire zones of retail can share 30%widthb.Atrium:occupant load can be reducedc.F&B and banquet hall:number of seatings,can be reducedd.Cinema:number of seatings+number of waiting customers in the largest halle.Skating rink:actual number of occupantf.Performance-based des

48、ignFire Protection StrategySafe Distance of TravelBuilding Typedoors between two safety exitsdoors along dead-end corridorHigh-rise retailPodium and Multi-level retailHigh-rise:Height 24m Multi-level:Height=3hNormally used for openings less than 10m wide.Advantage:easy to install than folding curtai

49、nDisadvantage:as it only has two supporting points,it will be sagged if the opening is too wide.Fire Protection StrategyClassification and Characteristics of Fire Shutter/CurtainAdvantages:1 Combine with ceiling,not visible in normal times 2 Can be made into a variety of shapes3 Can be made very lon

50、g,the longest one that has been made is about 60mUsed for openings no less than 10m wide and no more than 30m wide.Can be made into L shape,U shape,arc shape,round shape,linear shape.(3)Double-track double-curtain folding fire curtainDisadvantages:1 Have to work closely with M&E,as it has high requi