火灾防范与自救课件.ppt

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2、oLogo2n俗话说火灾事故猛于虎。因为火灾时燃烧俗话说火灾事故猛于虎。因为火灾时燃烧产物有一定的危害性，危害指的是对人和产物有一定的危害性，危害指的是对人和财产所造成的危害，主要是热量、烟气和财产所造成的危害，主要是热量、烟气和缺氧三种因素的作用结果，通常这种危害缺氧三种因素的作用结果，通常这种危害可分为两类：热辐射引起的危害和非热因可分为两类：热辐射引起的危害和非热因素引起的危害素引起的危害。而非热因素引起的危害则。而非热因素引起的危害则主要是指烟气危害。几乎所有的火灾都会主要是指烟气危害。几乎所有的火灾都会产生大量的烟气，其对火灾中人员的生命产生大量的烟气，其对火灾中人员的生命安全威胁最

3、大。统计结果表明，火灾中安全威胁最大。统计结果表明，火灾中85以上的死亡者是由于烟气的影响，其中以上的死亡者是由于烟气的影响，其中大部分是吸入了烟尘及有毒气体昏迷后而大部分是吸入了烟尘及有毒气体昏迷后而致死的致死的。Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogoCopyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo3违章作业违章作业遗留火种遗留火种用火不慎用火不慎其它其它电气电气火灾火灾Cop

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6、LogoLogo7可燃物氧化剂 温度（引火源）火灾是指在时间空间上失去控制的一种现象。统称燃烧三要素Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogoCopyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo8Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogoCopyright by ARTCOM P

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16、湿后，冲出火场逃逃生人员利用毛巾或者织物浸湿后，冲出火场逃生。许多人尤其是年轻人通常会采取这种错误行生。许多人尤其是年轻人通常会采取这种错误行为。其错误性表现在两点：一是手并非是良好的为。其错误性表现在两点：一是手并非是良好的烟雾过滤器，不能过虑掉有毒有害烟气。平时在烟雾过滤器，不能过虑掉有毒有害烟气。平时在遇到难闻的气味或沙尘天气时，甚至人们常常情遇到难闻的气味或沙尘天气时，甚至人们常常情不自禁地用手捂住口鼻，以防气味或沙尘侵入，不自禁地用手捂住口鼻，以防气味或沙尘侵入，其实作用或效果并不十分明显，有点自欺欺人、其实作用或效果并不十分明显，有点自欺欺人、自我安慰之意。因此，火险状态下应采取正

17、确的自我安慰之意。因此，火险状态下应采取正确的防烟措施，如用湿毛巾等物捂住口鼻。二是在烟防烟措施，如用湿毛巾等物捂住口鼻。二是在烟火面前，人的生命非常脆弱。火面前，人的生命非常脆弱。Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogoCopyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo27Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.

18、co.krCompany LogoLogoCopyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo28勿乘普通电梯勿乘普通电梯面临火灾，人们的第一反应应是争分夺秒地迅速离开火场。但许多人首面临火灾，人们的第一反应应是争分夺秒地迅速离开火场。但许多人首先会想到搭乘普通电梯逃生，因为电梯迅速快捷，省时省力。其实先会想到搭乘普通电梯逃生，因为电梯迅速快捷，省时省力。其实这完全是一种错误行为，其理由有六：这完全是一种错误行为，其理由有六：（1）电梯的动力是电源，而火灾时所采取的紧急措施之一是切断电源，）电梯

19、的动力是电源，而火灾时所采取的紧急措施之一是切断电源，即使电源照常，则电梯的供电系统也极易出现故障而使电梯卡壳停即使电源照常，则电梯的供电系统也极易出现故障而使电梯卡壳停运，处于上下不能的困境，其内人员无法逃生、无法自救，极易受运，处于上下不能的困境，其内人员无法逃生、无法自救，极易受烟火烘烤熏陶而伤亡。烟火烘烤熏陶而伤亡。（2）电梯井好似一个高耸庞大的烟囱，其）电梯井好似一个高耸庞大的烟囱，其“烟囱效应烟囱效应”的强大抽拨力会的强大抽拨力会使烟火迅速蔓延扩散整个楼层，使电梯轿厢变形，行进受阻。使烟火迅速蔓延扩散整个楼层，使电梯轿厢变形，行进受阻。（3）电梯轿厢在井道内的运动，使空气受到挤压而

20、产生气流压变化，且）电梯轿厢在井道内的运动，使空气受到挤压而产生气流压变化，且空气流动越快，产生的负压就越大，从而火势就越大。因此，火灾空气流动越快，产生的负压就越大，从而火势就越大。因此，火灾中行驶的普通电梯自身难保，切忌乘坐。中行驶的普通电梯自身难保，切忌乘坐。Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogoCopyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo29Copyright by

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22、线（疏散导图）撤离按照疏散路线（疏散导图）撤离n火场上另一种错误的逃生行为就是沿进入建筑物火场上另一种错误的逃生行为就是沿进入建筑物内的路线、出入口逃离火灾危险区域。这是因为人内的路线、出入口逃离火灾危险区域。这是因为人们身处一个陌生境地，没有养成一个首先熟悉建筑们身处一个陌生境地，没有养成一个首先熟悉建筑内部布局及安全疏散路径、出口的良好习惯所致。内部布局及安全疏散路径、出口的良好习惯所致。一旦失火，人们就下意识地沿着进入时的出入口和一旦失火，人们就下意识地沿着进入时的出入口和通道进行逃生，只有当该条路径被烟火封堵时，才通道进行逃生，只有当该条路径被烟火封堵时，才被迫寻找其它逃生路径，然而此

23、时火灾已经扩散蔓被迫寻找其它逃生路径，然而此时火灾已经扩散蔓延，人们难以逃离脱身。因此，每当人们进入陌生延，人们难以逃离脱身。因此，每当人们进入陌生环境时，首先要了解、熟悉周围环境、安全通道及环境时，首先要了解、熟悉周围环境、安全通道及安全出口，做到防患未然。安全出口，做到防患未然。Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogoCopyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo32Copy

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