M7U2-Reading理解和知识点讲解课件.ppt

1、Unit 2 Fit for LifeWelcome to the unitCan you name any jobs that are related to medicine?a person who prepares and sells medicine a chemist a person who performs medical operations a surgeon a person who examines peoples eyes to see if they need to wear glasses an eye doctora person who takes care o

2、f peoples teeth a dentist Acupuncture is the use of needles to _ peoples health problems.treatWhat happens to the person?He is receiving an acupuncture treatment on an ear.What is acupuncture?When you fall ill,what will you do?People may take medicines when they are ill.However,if they dont take the

3、 right medicine in the right way,they may not get better and even get worse.What will you do if you fall ill?Lead-intake medicinehave an injection Do you know what they are?aspirinpenicillinHow much do you know about the two medicines?Go through the text as quickly as possible and try to find answer

4、s to the following questions.1.When was penicillin first discovered?In 1928.2.What award did Fleming,Florey n and Chain share?The Nobel Prize in Medicine.1.Which is the right development order?a.Penicillin was discovered.b.Aspirin was used to prevent strokes.c.Mass production of penicillin began.d.A

5、spirin was sold in shops in the form of tablets.A.a d b c B.a c b d C.d a c b D.d a b c2.The author holds a/an _attitude towards the use of 2 drugs.A.objective B.concerned C.supportive D.persuasiveCCStructure analysis_ to the topicPart I(para.1)Part II(paras.2-3)Part III(paras.4-5)The development an

6、d _ of aspirinThe development and effects of penicillinIntroductioneffectsIn 1900:In 1971:In 1977:In 2003:sold in shops in the form of tabletsproved to reduce the risk of heart attacksused to prevent strokesused to reduce blood sugar levelsDevelopment of aspirinIn 1928:In 1940:In 1944:In 1945:discov

7、ered by Alexander Flemingmade and tested in large quantitiesThe three scientists shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine.Development of Penicillinmass production beganEffects of aspirin Reduce fever and help stop pain Reduce the risk of heart attacks Prevent strokes Reduce the risk of some cancers by 40%

8、Increase the length of peoples lives Reduce blood sugar levels Effects of penicillin Help in treating wounds and illnesses caused by bacteria1.Aspirin has been sold in the form of tablets for _.A.nearly 3500 years B.nearly 60 yearsC.at least 110 years D.40 years2.“It”here in the sentence“-there was

9、blue mould in it.”(Line 37)refers to_.A.penicillin B.experiment C.dish D.bacteriaFurther understanding 3.Penicillin was discovered in and saved many lives in .A.1914;World B.1928;World War C.1929;Vietnam War D.1945;World War 4.contributed to the mass production of penicillin.A.Alexander Fleming and

10、Howard FloreyB.Ernst Chain and Yuan MinshengC.Alexander Fleming and Lawrence CravenD.Howard Florey and Ernst ChainFill in the blanks with no more than one word according to the text(P18-19).Consoliation:Task-based readingName of the medicineAspirinPenicillinDevelopmentNearly 3,500 years ago,people u

11、sed leaves(1)_ a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.Around 2,500 years ago,Hippocrates made a(2)_ from a tree bark with salicylic acid for the same effect.In 1897,Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from salicylic acid.Aspirin was initially used with patients in(3)_ form in 1899.In 1900,

12、aspirin came onto the(4)_ in the form of tablets.Shortly afterwards it became the best-selling painkiller in the world.In 1928,the drug was discovered,but it wasnt(7)_ enough to work as a medicine and was hard to produce in large(8)_.In 1940,two other scientists helped find(9)_ to the two problems.I

13、n 1944,mass production started and penicillin was widely used due to World War Twos great need for it.Effects Reducing fever and(5)_ pain;Reducing the risk of heart attacks;Preventing strokes;Reducing the risk of some cancers by 40%Making peoples lives(6)_ Reducing blood sugar levels.Treating illnes

14、ses caused by(10)_.AspirinDevelopmentNearly 3,500 years ago,people used leaves(1)_ a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.Around 2,500 years ago,Hippocrates made a(2)_ from a tree bark with salicylic acid for the same effect.In 1897,Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from salicylic acid.A

15、spirin was initially used with patients in(3)_ form in 1899.In 1900,aspirin came onto the(4)_ in the form of tablets.Shortly afterwards it became the best-selling painkiller in the world.Effects Reducing fever and(5)_ pain;Reducing the risk of heart attacks;Preventing strokes;Reducing the risk of so

16、me cancers by 40%Making peoples lives(6)_ Reducing blood sugar levels.Name of the medicinePenicillinDevelopment In 1928,the drug was discovered,but it wasnt(7)_ enough to work as a medicine and was hard to produce in large(8)_.In 1940,two other scientists helped find(9)_ to the two problems.In 1944,

17、mass production started and penicillin was widely used due to World War Twos great need for it.EffectsTreating illnesses caused by (10)_.AspirinDevelopmentNearly 3,500 years ago,people used leaves(1)_ a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.Around 2,500 years ago,Hippocrates made a(2)_ fro

18、m a tree bark with salicylic acid for the same effect.In 1897,Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from salicylic acid.Aspirin was initially used with patients in(3)_ form in 1899.In 1900,aspirin came onto the(4)_ in the form of tablets.Shortly afterwards it became the best-selling painkiller in the w

19、orld.Effects Reducing fever and(5)_ pain;Reducing the risk of heart attacks;Preventing strokes;Reducing the risk of some cancers by 40%Making peoples lives(6)_ Reducing blood sugar levels.containingpossessingjuicepowdermarketstoppinglongerName of the medicinePenicillinDevelopment In 1928,the drug wa

20、s discovered,but it wasnt(7)_ enough to work as a medicine and was hard to produce in large(8)_.In 1940,two other scientists helped find(9)_ to the two problems.In 1944,mass production started and penicillin was widely used due to World War Twos great need for it.EffectsTreating illnesses caused by

21、(10)_.purequantitiessolutionsbacteria What do you think the world would be like if there were no medicines?Do you believe that someday people will invent some pills to keep us energetic all day?Why?Idioms about medicine A good _ tastes bitter.Laugh is the best _ in the world There is no _ against de

22、ath.focus on:pay attention to.（注意力）集中于译:在听讲座时，你应该把注意力集中于演讲者的主要观点。When listening to a lecture,you should focus on the speakers main points.集中注意力于 focus/concentrate(ones attention/mind)on.fix ones eyes/attention/mind on.pay attention to(attention前不能使用ones,但可以用little,much,special等词修饰)译:父母经常叫我集中注意力干工作。M

23、y parents often tell me to focus my attention on my work.n.focus 焦点译:巨星一进大厅就成为注意的焦点。The superstar became the focus of attention immediately/instantly she came into the hall.1.(L1)This article will focus on two drugs that started revolutions in medicine.It is likely that sb./sth.is likely to do sth.区

24、别区别possible的结构：的结构：It is possible that It is possible for sb.to do sth.区别区别probable的结构：的结构：It is probable that.-Which team is _ to win the game?-In my opinion,it is _for our team to win.A.probable;likely B.possible;probable C.possible;likely D.likely;possible2.(L3),it is likely that you will find as

25、pirin and penicillin.adv.possiblyadv.probably3.(L8-10)Nearly 3,500 years ago,people chewed on leaves or.fever.(L13-15)The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899,when.1)分析句子结构2)trial n.试验，试用 U,C a three-month trial period 译:该新药在批量生产之前经过了多次医学试验。The new medicine went through a number of medic

26、al trials before it was mass-produced.译:We must put the machine on trial.我们必须试运行那台机器。=We must give the machine a trial.We had the machine on trial for a week.Chidren learn to ride a bike by trial and error.试用，试运行试用，试运行在试用中，在测试中在试用中，在测试中通过反复试验，不断摸索通过反复试验，不断摸索3.(L8-10)Nearly 3,500 years ago,people che

27、wed on leaves or.fever.(L13-15)The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899,when.3)inform/in the form of以以形式形式译译:如今，很多书都有电子版。如今，很多书都有电子版。Nowadays,many books are available in electronic form.4.(L17)relief(n.)1)U,sing.（不快之后的）宽慰；轻松；解脱（不快之后的）宽慰；轻松；解脱一种解脱感一种解脱感 松了口气松了口气 让某人欣慰的是让某人欣慰的是 译译:News of

28、their safety came as a great relief.他们安全的消息给大家带来了巨大的安慰。他们安全的消息给大家带来了巨大的安慰。2)U 救济，救济物资救济，救济物资famine reliefv.relieve 1)relieve anxiety/guilt/the symptoms of a cold/pressure on traffic2)译译:这个消息让我松了口气。这个消息让我松了口气。The news relieved me.=I was relieved at/to hear the news.3)relieve sb.of sth.帮助帮助.减轻；替减轻；替.拿

29、拿.My assistant relieved me of most of my work.rid/inform/rob/warn/cure/convince/remind/accuse sb.of sth.a sense of reliefbreathe/let out a sigh of reliefmuch to ones relief注意：Not only 之后的分句部分倒装，but(also)之后的分句不能倒装。译:这个城市不仅被严重污染，街道也很拥挤。Not only was the city seriously polluted,but also the streets were

30、 crowded.另外，含有否定意义的副词及短语位于句首作状语，主句倒装，如:never,seldom,scarcely,rarely,hardly,little,in no way/case,by no means,in/under no circumstances,on no condition,at no time等以及Not until-Its nice.Never before _ such a special drink!-Im glad you like it.A.I have had B.I had C.have I had D.had I We laugh at jokes,

31、but seldom _ about how they work.A.we think B.think we C.we do think D.do we think5.(L18-19)Not only has aspirin proved.,but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.Not until _ his home _ to know how important the family was for him.A.he left;did he begin B.he left;had he begun C.did

32、he leave;he began D.did he leave;he had begun注意注意：区别：区别not.until.在强调句型中的使用。在强调句型中的使用。(请将上句改为强调句型。请将上句改为强调句型。)It was not until he left his home that he began to know how important the family was for him.5.(L18-19)Not only has aspirin proved.,but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.

33、6.(L19-21)Lawrence Craven,a doctor from the USA,introduced the idea in 1953 that.1)分析句子结构 the idea 后接一个由that引导的同位语从句，说明idea的内容，两者被时间状语in 1953隔开。that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词之后，如：hope,desire,thought,suggestion,idea,news,possibility等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导词作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，不能省略。The fact has worried many scien

34、tists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these days.A.what B.which C.that D.though The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.The news(that)we heard on the radio was not true.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句7.(L24)carry out 贯彻；执行（计划，命令等）贯彻；执行（计划，命令等）carry on (继续继续)进行、进行下去，强调坚持进行、进行下去，强调坚

35、持译译:计划一旦制定，不管它有多难都应该将它执行。计划一旦制定，不管它有多难都应该将它执行。Once a plan is made,it should be carried out no matter how difficult it is.译译:假如只是保持沉默的话，你是无法进行交谈的假如只是保持沉默的话，你是无法进行交谈的。You cant carry on a conversation if you just remain silent.The meal over,the managers went back to the meeting room to _ their discussi

36、on.A.put away B.take down C.look over D.carry on8.(L25-26)Eleven years later,.reduce the risk of some cancers by 40 percent.reduce sth.from.to.把从减少到reduc sth by sth把减少了(by表“幅度”)译:雇员人数从40人减少到了25人。The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25.译:过去一年，各项费用已经减少了20%.Costs have been reduced by 20%over

37、the past year.Luckily,the bullet missed his head _ one inch.A.for B.byC.in D.to note v.1)注意，留意注意，留意译译:我注意到他的鼻子在流血。我注意到他的鼻子在流血。I noted that his nose was bleeding.译译:应该注意的是新机器在投入使用之前要试用一下。应该注意的是新机器在投入使用之前要试用一下。It should be noted that before being put into use,the new machine ought to be tried out firs

38、t.注意：表注意：表“记下记下”的短语的短语:write down,take down,note down,set down,put down2)指出，特别提到译:值得指出的是，要想成功，勤奋是必须的。It is worth noting that dilligence is whatever it takes to achieve success.9.(L35-36)He noted that a dish in which he was trying to grow bacteria.n.1)C 笔记(常用复数)take notes of=note down students busy t

39、aking notes in class2)注意到take note of=take notice of 3)纸币a 100-yuan note4)便条译:她在厨房的桌上留了张便条，说，“我明天就回来。”She left a note for Tom on the kitchen table saying,“Ill come back tomorrow.”5)语调 on ones personal note译:他的话中带有一种警告的口气。There was a note of warning in what he said.9.(L35-36)He noted that a dish in w

40、hich he was trying to grow bacteria.10.(L47)in large quantities/in quantity 大量地大量地a large quantity of+U/C(作主语，谓语动词由of后面的名词决定)large quantities of+U/C (作主语，谓语动词用复数)译:这一地区雨量大。There is a large quantity of rain in this area.译:大量的泥沙被雨水冲走了。Large quantities of sand were washed away by the rain.-Why does the

41、 lake smell terrible?-Because large quantities of water _.A.have polluted B.is being polluted C.has been polluted D.have been polluted10.(L47)in large quantities/in quantity 大量地大量地a large quantity of+U/C(作主语，谓语动词由of后面的名词决定)large quantities of+U/C (作主语，谓语动词用复数)译:这一地区雨量大。There is a large quantity of r

42、ain in this area.译:大量的泥沙被雨水冲走了。Large quantities of sand were washed away by the rain.-Why does the lake smell terrible?-Because large quantities of water _.A.have polluted B.is being polluted C.has been polluted D.have been pollutedStrengthening what you have learnt after class in time is a good hab

43、it,which is beneficial to your learning efficiency.oWords coming from the same stem:oWords that are compound words:oWords with irregular plural forms:How can we understand medical terms?Words coming from the same stem:omedicine,medical,medicinal;opure,purify;ochemical,chemist;obacterium,bacterialWords that are compound words:opainkilleroheart attack Words with irregular plural forms:obacteriaobacterium