[英语学习]翻译理论与实践汇编课件.ppt

1、 Description:This course named Translation Theory and Practice aims at cultivating the SS ability of translating between E-C they have the ability to understand and master some basic theories and techniques about translation.E.g.,etc.In a word,the SS will have the first impression to English languag

2、e and Chinese,and through these discussions they will have a higher ability in their English writing.Tips：Read more;Practice more;Think more;Discuss more1.1.中国翻译中国翻译 中国翻译协会中国翻译协会 主办主办2.2.上海翻译上海翻译 上海科技翻译学会上海科技翻译学会 主办主办 The Oxford English Dictionary:to turn from one language into another (从一种语言转换成另一种语

3、言从一种语言转换成另一种语言);Websters third New International Dictionary of the English Language:to turn into ones own or another language (转换成本族语或另一种语言转换成本族语或另一种语言)。翻译是一种翻译是一种“语言转换语言转换”活动。活动。Translation is a rendering from one language into another,i.e.,the faithful representation in one language of what is wri

4、tten or said in another language.To be more exact,in&s words：Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message,first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.（所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其次在文体上。)A good trans

5、lation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.好的翻译应该是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一好的

6、翻译应该是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言，以使译人语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、种语言，以使译人语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受，如同使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受强烈地感受，如同使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。的一样。(泰特勒，泰特勒，1790)1790)DifferenceMessageArt See TB P19Enjoyment 优乐美优乐美U.loveitU.loveitU.lovemeU.lovemeElegant,Happy&Beautiful 翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、语言传达出来

7、，以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。Translation is an activity of reproducing in one language the ideas which have been expressed in another language.Those who can,translate;those who cant,teach translation;those who cant teach translation,teach translation theor

8、y.Those who can,write;those who cannot,translate;those who cannot translate,write about translation.“接吻经验谈，有助于提高接吻质接吻经验谈，有助于提高接吻质量，但在理论上谈接吻，情形会大不一量，但在理论上谈接吻，情形会大不一样。在这方面，伊格尔顿打的一个比方样。在这方面，伊格尔顿打的一个比方很说明问题：很说明问题：如果你狠劲儿琢磨该怎如果你狠劲儿琢磨该怎样去吻一个人，准保弄得一塌糊涂。样去吻一个人，准保弄得一塌糊涂。”“If a translator is an absolute genius

9、,probably he doesnt need to bother,at least not too much.An adequate theory of translation can also help people to understand not merely what to do,but why certain thing can be done and should be done.A good theory of translation is important in helping people tackle new problems.”(如果译者是一个绝对的天才，他可能无

10、需理会如果译者是一个绝对的天才，他可能无需理会理论。理论。然而，适当的理论会有助于人们对翻然而，适当的理论会有助于人们对翻译问题不仅知其然，而起知其所以然。正确的翻译问题不仅知其然，而起知其所以然。正确的翻译理论有助于人们解决新的问题。译理论有助于人们解决新的问题。)The Relationship between Translation Theoryand TechniquesTranslation theory refers to the laws to help people to understand the laws and solve different kinds of prob

11、lems in translation,while translation techniques refer to the experience people have accumulated in their practice of translation.Techniques are important,but they are not panacea.Different kinds of materials to be translated require different stresses in their rendition.For example,scientific mater

12、ials stress their preciseness,novels and stories,their plots and characters,etc.We must master the translation theory to guide our translation work.(the teachers opinion)In the point view of Eugene A.Nida,the famous American translator,“translation practice without an adequate theory produces only h

13、aphazard results,while theory without practice is completely sterile”(Nida,1969).(缺少理论指导的翻译是随意的翻译缺少理论指导的翻译是随意的翻译,离开实践的理论离开实践的理论是毫无根据用处的理论。是毫无根据用处的理论。)lin terms of languages:lin terms of the mode:lin terms of materials to be translated:lin terms of disposal:(full-text translation,abridged translation

14、,adapted translation)1.按语言分类：按语言分类：语内翻译（intralingual translation）语际翻译（interlingual translation）2.按活动形式分类：按活动形式分类：笔译（translation）口译（oral interpretation）：连续传译（consecutive I）同声传译（simultaneous I）3.按翻译材料的文体分类：按翻译材料的文体分类：应用文体翻译 科技文体翻译 论述文体翻译新闻文体翻译 艺术文体翻译4.按处理方式分类：按处理方式分类：全译 节译 摘译 编译 译述 Consecutive Interpr

15、etingSimultaneous Interpreting Yan Fus(严复严复)“three-character guide”,which was first proposed in 1898,is the principle of Faithfulness Expressiveness Elegance “译事三难：信、达、雅译事三难：信、达、雅”See TB P17 Some revisions such as faithfulness,expressiveness and closeness(信、达、切信、达、切);faithfulness,expressiveness and

16、fitness(信、达、贴信、达、贴),Fu Leis(傅雷傅雷)spiritual conformity/resemblance in spirit（神似（神似)Qian Zhongshu(钱钟书钱钟书)transmigration(化境化境)鲁迅：翻译：一当然力求其易解鲁迅：翻译：一当然力求其易解,一则保存原作的丰姿。反对一则保存原作的丰姿。反对牛头不对马嘴，提出牛头不对马嘴，提出“宁信而不顺宁信而不顺”之原则。之原则。林语堂的林语堂的“忠实、通顺、美忠实、通顺、美”梁实秋的梁实秋的“宁错务顺宁错务顺”瞿秋白的瞿秋白的“信顺统一信顺统一”许渊冲的许渊冲的“音美、形美、意美（三美）音美、形美

17、、意美（三美）”Criteria for beginners:FaithfulnessSmoothnessSee TB P12-13(重庆重庆“人人酒家人人酒家”）Another year is about to pastCares from Father&Mother still lastDiligent Wife has no chance for a restChildren work hard to make their bestBut You struggle for a better prospectIgnoring familys Reunion expectWinter nig

18、ht freezes not kins loveSpring warmth is blessing from aboveHere a table of joy is ready for YouWith Family to celebrate a year new.v“泰特勒三原则泰特勒三原则”v奈达（美）的奈达（美）的“动态对等动态对等”和和“功能对功能对等等”v纽马克（英）的纽马克（英）的“文本中心文本中心”论论 十八世纪末的英国学者亚历山大十八世纪末的英国学者亚历山大泰特勒泰特勒(Alexander Fraser Tytler,1747-1814)。他在。他在论翻译的原则论翻译的原则(Es

19、say on the Principles of Translation)一书中提出了著名的翻译三原则：一书中提出了著名的翻译三原则：（1）译文应完全复写出原作的思想（）译文应完全复写出原作的思想（A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.）（2）译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同）译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同(The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the

20、original.)（3）译文应和原作同样流畅）译文应和原作同样流畅(A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.）把翻译译中的“意义义”概概括成“语义语义”和“语语体”:Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message,first in terms of meaning and secondly in term

21、s of style.（所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然（所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其次在文体上。次在文体上。)SL emphasisTL emphasisWord-for-word translationAdaptation translationLiteral translationIdiomatic translationFree translationFaithful translationSemantic translationCommunicative translationNote:T

22、he gap between emphasis on source and target language can be narrowed if semantic translation and communicative translation are applied.交际翻译注重译文读者产生于原文读者相同的效果,语义翻译注重译出原文的所有含义,它们的根本区别在于交际翻译强调信息产生的效果,语义翻译强调信息内容,但是,它们之间的区别是相对的,在翻译实践中,往往是两种翻译方法交替使用,相辅相成,以期达到译文的最佳效果.Commenting on these methods,I should f

23、irst say that only semantic and communicative translations fulfill the two main aims of translation”(Newmark，Peter,2001)A.Preparation:basic knowledge about both languages as well as the background knowledge;basic skills in translation are necessary;B.Comprehension:understanding accurately the meanin

24、g of the source language;C.Expression/Representation:try to express the meaning in idiomatic Chinese;D.Revision/proofreading:check again and again to polish the language.1)1)佛经翻译时期，从东汉开始至唐宋，佛经翻译时期，从东汉开始至唐宋，10001000余年余年（支谦、道安，（支谦、道安，鸠摩罗什、真谛、玄奘鸠摩罗什、真谛、玄奘）2 2）明末清初：西方科技翻译）明末清初：西方科技翻译 （徐光启、利玛窦；李之藻）（徐光启、利

25、玛窦；李之藻）3 3）清朝后期：西方哲学、文学翻译）清朝后期：西方哲学、文学翻译 重要人物：林纾、严复重要人物：林纾、严复 4 4）中国近代翻译史：）中国近代翻译史：“五四五四”运动是分水岭；运动是分水岭；重要人物：鲁迅、瞿秋白、林语堂、朱生豪重要人物：鲁迅、瞿秋白、林语堂、朱生豪 5 5）繁荣阶段：新中国的成立）繁荣阶段：新中国的成立佛经翻译三大家第一个高潮是在公元前第一个高潮是在公元前3 3世纪中叶。世纪中叶。第二个高潮发生于公元第二个高潮发生于公元4 4世纪至世纪至6 6世纪之间。世纪之间。第三个高潮是第三个高潮是1111世纪至世纪至1212世纪之间。世纪之间。第四次高潮是第四次高潮是1

26、4-1614-16世纪的欧洲文艺复兴时期。世纪的欧洲文艺复兴时期。第五次高潮，是第二次世界大战结束以来。第五次高潮，是第二次世界大战结束以来。Translate the following sentences,paying attention to the translation of the underlined words.1.Tom has the right qualities of mind for the job.2.Lin Zexu was on of the greatest minds of that age.3.My wife has gone to work,so I h

27、ave got a lot on my mind just now.4.Please mind my bike while I go into the shop.5.Dont interfere in my affairs.Mind your own business.汤姆有胜任这项工作的汤姆有胜任这项工作的智力智力才能。才能。林则徐是那个时代最有林则徐是那个时代最有头脑头脑的人物之一的人物之一。妻子上班去了妻子上班去了,所以我目前有很多事要所以我目前有很多事要操心操心 。我进商店时，我进商店时，请帮我请帮我照看照看一下自行车。一下自行车。别干涉我，别干涉我，管管你自己的事。你自己的事。6.T

28、he knife is not sharp enough to cut the meat.7.There is a sharp turn to the right nearby.8.There is a sharp contrast between the poorest and the richest.9.The lawyer was too sharp for me.10.Mrs.Green was very sharp with me when I was late for school.这把刀用来切肉不够这把刀用来切肉不够快快。附近有一个向右的附近有一个向右的急急转弯。转弯。赤贫者和巨

29、富者形成了一个赤贫者和巨富者形成了一个鲜明鲜明的对比。的对比。那个律师太那个律师太精明精明了，了，我对付不了他。我对付不了他。我上课迟到了，格林夫人我上课迟到了，格林夫人严厉地训斥严厉地训斥了我。了我。1.I prefer driving to being driven.2.Our hopes and plans are scattered to the four winds.3.This is an“egg-and-hen”question.4.Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade.6.6

30、.熟悉多种文化背景熟悉多种文化背景,能操两种语言的管理人员能操两种语言的管理人员在发展中的亚洲十分抢手。在发展中的亚洲十分抢手。7.7.有些厕所似乎仍是这次卫生打扫除的死角。有些厕所似乎仍是这次卫生打扫除的死角。8.8.这个摊贩叫卖道：这个摊贩叫卖道：“快来买呀，快来买呀，过了这个村过了这个村可没这个店了。可没这个店了。”1.I prefer driving to being driven.2.Our hopes and plans are scattered to the four winds.3.This is an“egg-and-hen”question.4.Unemployment

31、has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade.6.6.熟悉多种文化背景熟悉多种文化背景,能操两种语言的管理人员能操两种语言的管理人员在发展中的亚洲十分抢手。在发展中的亚洲十分抢手。7.7.有些厕所似乎仍是这次卫生打扫除的死角。有些厕所似乎仍是这次卫生打扫除的死角。8.8.这个摊贩叫卖道：这个摊贩叫卖道：“快来买呀，快来买呀，过了这个村过了这个村可没这个店了。可没这个店了。”陈秋陈秋(9班):男人易和，女人易分。男人易和，女人易分。唐静雷唐静雷(9班):多个男人并肩走，两个女人难同行。多个男人并肩走，两个女人难同行。Dear

32、Mark,New York is finally getting a real sales manager.Congratulations on your new promotion.Your marketing ability has put you well above everyone else in the company,and probably everyone else in the industry.The company will benefit from the enthusiasm and intelligence youve always shown,and I ima

33、gine that before long youll be moving the whole firm into the number-one position.Dear Mark,New York is finally getting a real sales manager.Congratulations on your new promotion.Your marketing ability has put you well above everyone else in the company,and probably everyone else in the industry.The

34、 company will benefit from the enthusiasm and intelligence youve always shown,and I imagine that before long youll be moving the whole firm into the number-one position.1.A little flattery would set him carried away.2.You can never be too careful in answering an English paper.3.Sumptuous banquets,fi

35、nanced by state money,have long been a bane on Chinese society.4.The raising of twenty-five thousand pounds was a task altogether beyond her powers.5.The man who is above his business may one day find his business above him.6.他非常讨厌讨厌多愁善感无病呻吟。他只要听到几句恭维话就会得意忘形他只要听到几句恭维话就会得意忘形。答英语卷越认真越好。答英语卷越认真越好。公费吃喝是群众反映强烈的不良之风之一。公费吃喝是群众反映强烈的不良之风之一。要筹集要筹集2万万5千英磅她完全无力办得到。千英磅她完全无力办得到。不屑于干自己工作的人终有一天会发现自己不配干那份工作。不屑于干自己工作的人终有一天会发现自己不配干那份工作。He has a strong dislike for the sentimental.