外语测试及教学以写作为例课件.ppt

1、 培养21 世纪英语专业人才，使英语专业教学在新台阶上展开，使学生整体素质提高。大纲在培养目标：“1333一个根底、三种知识、三种能力、三种素质1：打好扎实的英语语言根底3：结实掌握英语专业知识、拓宽人文学科知识和科技知识、掌握与毕业后从事工作有关的专业根底知识，3：注重培养获取知识能力、独立思考能力、创新能力，3：提高思想道德素质、文化素质和心理素质。这三种知识构造的拓宽、三种能力的培养和三种素质的提高构成了英语人才培养、英语教学改革和英语专业学生整体教学质量提高的总框架。教学改革的成效和教学质量的检查涉及面广，科学合理的测试方法与手段对推动和指导教学有很大的反响作用。它可为教学提供目标并为

2、教师和学生成功实现说定的目标进展监控。四级:考试目的全面检查英语专业根底阶段课程的学生是否到达了所规定的各项英语专业技能要求,考核学生综合运用各项根本技能的能力以及学生对语法构造和词语用法的掌握程度.八级八级:考试目的考试目的 检查大纲的执行情况，检查大纲的执行情况，特别是大纲所规定的特别是大纲所规定的八级水平所要到达的八级水平所要到达的综合语言技能和交际综合语言技能和交际能力，藉以促进大纲能力，藉以促进大纲的进一步贯彻，提高的进一步贯彻，提高教学质量。教学质量。对局部学校英语专业的学生对四八级考试进展调查分析发现：英语专业四八级考试对专业学生的反响作用非常大，学生学习动力和态度、教师教学方法

3、与手段都受到不同程度影响。学习英语的人越来越多，学习英语的人越来越多，Jay Walker at TED-Jay Walker at TED-世界英语热世界英语热.mp4.mp4参加全国考试的越来越多，参加全国考试的越来越多，考试成绩越来越差！考试成绩越来越差！年年考生人数考生人数参考院校参考院校199285541551993958216319941.1万17319951.4万19319961.6万21219971.9万24719982.1万27719992万27320003.4万31620015.3万33520026.6万416200311万 473所200415.8万514200519.5

4、万577200623.5万627200725万703200825.5万751200926万798201027万827年年考生人数考生人数参考院校参考院校199246138619934459891994516310319956325117199673771291997950016919981.1万19619991.5万21020001.7万259年年考生人数考生人数参考院校参考院校20012.2万27320023.1万30420034.6万33420047.5万41220059.7万451200612.5万507200715万574200817.5万645200918万708201018.9万7

5、53在过去的20年间，4级考试的人数增长了约31.5倍。参考学校：155所-827所2021八级考试的人数增长了约39倍参考学校：86所-753所2021全国八级通过率和平均分全国八级通过率和平均分年份年份通过率通过率%平均分平均分2004200456.7456.7460.5060.502005200554.1754.1757.7457.742006200649.9749.9755.0655.062007200747.3047.3054.5654.562008200845.2845.2856.3756.372009200947.3347.3356.8556.852010201043.1143.

6、1156.3456.34201120112012201242.4442.4441.4941.4956.0656.0655.39全国听力听力10阅读阅读20人文人文10GAP10改错改错105英译中英译中10中译英中译英10写作写作20总平总平均分均分通过率通过率066.4510.466.116.084.74.525.2811.0155.0649.970760811.185.845634815.175.3110.2554.5647.30086.1111.185.904.614.586.115.6712.4356.3745.28095.6810.286.933.695.136.614.8813.7

7、056.8547.33105.6511.796.524.912.965.895.9712.7656.3443.1111124.345.1911.5911.085.646.844.234.254.174.216.324.815.125.5514.3413.2056.0655.3942.4441.49问题：只学外语技能，不学人文精神问题：只学外语技能，不学人文精神胡文仲胡文仲:“学习一门外语，就意味着学习它所构筑的一整套文化世界学习一门外语，就意味着学习它所构筑的一整套文化世界;掌握一门外语掌握一门外语,就就意味着获得一种新的对世界的看法意味着获得一种新的对世界的看法。只有关注语言的人文性，文学性

8、、文化性，才能对外语语言的本质有更丰富、只有关注语言的人文性，文学性、文化性，才能对外语语言的本质有更丰富、完善、深刻的理解，才能从外语教学方面来帮助培养提高学生的整体文化素质，完善、深刻的理解，才能从外语教学方面来帮助培养提高学生的整体文化素质，优化他们的人格精神状态，才能使外语水平有真正的提高，才能培养有国际理优化他们的人格精神状态，才能使外语水平有真正的提高，才能培养有国际理解意识和跨文化交际人才。解意识和跨文化交际人才。这也是新世纪较为理想的英语专业学生培养的终极目标。这也是新世纪较为理想的英语专业学生培养的终极目标。教学改革在于推动应用和实践能力，创新能力及人文素养的提高。教学改革在

9、于推动应用和实践能力，创新能力及人文素养的提高。为考试而考试将摧残学生的人文精神，摧毁学生的外语素质，违背考试初衷为考试而考试将摧残学生的人文精神，摧毁学生的外语素质，违背考试初衷Equator赤道Prime Meridian本初子午线Arctic Circle,Antarctic Circle北极圈，南极圈Line of Longitude,Line of Latitude经线，纬线Tropic of Cancer，Tropic of Capricorn北回归线，南回归线写好作文必须：经常阅读经常思考经常写作经常讨论经常修改实际上：Writing Task Writing Task 45mi

10、ns45mins20%20%Joseph Epstein,a famous writer,once said,Joseph Epstein,a famous writer,once said,“We decide what is important and what is“We decide what is important and what is trivial in life.We decide(so)that what trivial in life.We decide(so)that what makes us significant is either what we do or

11、makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do.But no matter how what we refuse to do.But no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions,these choices and decisions are and decisions,these choices and decis

12、ions are ours to make.We decide.We choose.And as we ours to make.We decide.We choose.And as we decide and choose,so are our lives formed.In decide and choose,so are our lives formed.In the end,forming our own destiny is what the end,forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.Do you agree or d

13、isagree ambition is about.Do you agree or disagree with him?Write an essay about 400 words with him?Write an essay about 400 words entitled:entitled:Ambition AmbitionNowhere is the word ambition so vividly and accurately defined than in Joseph Epsteins comment that“in the end,forming our own destiny

14、 is what ambition is about.A cosmetic definition as it seems,however,Epsteins words can,on the whole,be interpreted and summarized into one sentence:to be ambitious is to strive for our own personal goals set upon our own values regardless of the possible outcome and controversy.In other words,the t

15、wo indispensable parts of ambition include:firstly,making your own unique targets;secondly,persisting in achieving these aims without being distracted by others ridicule and scorn.To begin with,visualizing your personal goals instead of drifting among the mass is,undoubtedly,the very prerequisite of

16、 the fulfillment of your aims.The reason for this is simple.We ourselves are the best judges of our capabilities and potentials.And the same voice is echoed in that“we decide what is important and what is trivial in life.Madame Currie could never have achieved so many honors and breakthroughs in sci

17、ence and the discovery of radium if she took the same path as majority of the women in her time.It was her decision to devote her time and energy to science not household chores that made her stand our so prominently.On the other hand,she might have been just as plain and mundane as other women if s

18、he did not match herself with her personal aspirations and goals.Therefore,having your own goals is essential to the realization of ambition.Then there is the issue of how one should pursue these goals.Again Epstein gave a perfect explanation that“but no matter how indifferent the universe may be to

19、 our choices and decisions,these decisions and choices are ours to make.An excellent statement.There are times when we give up our beliefs and aims simply because of a different perspective of someone else and there are definitely days when we feel frustrated and beaten in face of scathing scorn fro

20、m the world.Yet Epstein shows us a higher path on which we are encouraged to stick to our ways and endure in spite of all possible criticism and indifference.And history has proved so many times that persistence regardless of hardship and ridicule wins us victory.Thus it is safe to say that persiste

21、nce and a firm belief of self is an integral part of ambition.Of course,Joseph Epsteins quotation is definitely richer in content and intended messages than what I have illustrated and developed above,however,the essence of his saying,that ambition is of our own choosing and that we ought to hold fa

22、st to it make its way through close scrutiny and prevail.New concepts always penetrate our daily lives without being noticed.When most of us are accustomed to spending the spare time reading,more and more college students begin to take part-time job either inside or outside the campus.It is my const

23、ant belief that its pros outweigh its cons;by that I mean,it has far more potential advantages than disadvantages that can be minimized.Firstly,a part-time job provide a student with a chance to practice what he has learned from books,especially in the fields such as economics,engineering and teachi

24、ng.Practice makes perfect.Secondly,it can help the students to be economically independent of their parents,although sometimes just partially.On the one hand,parents may have a lighter burden of the college tuitions and miscellaneous expenses of their sons or daughters than they used to have.On the

25、other hand,we students will realize that money comes not as easily as we think,thus develop good habits of not wasting it.And finally,if we can balance the time spent on both the study and the work,it wont become the cause of failure in academic study.Whats more,a part time job may make our campus l

26、ife more exciting.In view of the proceeding paragraph,I would like to recommend that every student take a part-time job,if possible.审题准确Thesis statementTopic sentenceDetailed discussion(examples,statistics)Conclusion用词恰当到位,没有重大语法错误,拼写错误。1.Nowadays with the development of economy,the existing cities

27、are growing bigger and new cities are appearing.What do you think is one of the major problems that may result from this process of urbanization?Write an essay of about 400 words on the topic given below：2.OneOne Major ProblemMajor Problem in the in the ProcessProcess of of UrbanizationUrbanization3

28、.In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details.In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary.4.Marks will be awarded for content,organ

29、ization,grammar and appropriacy.F a i l u r e t o f o l l o w t h e a b o v e instructions may result in a loss of marks.1.审题，内容不够切题 审题正确，文章就成功了一半；审题错误，内容就会离题，作文必不及格。审题错误主要原因：急躁，缺乏耐心和细心，只看几行字不看其他局部就动手写作，从而导致对作文要求理解严重偏差，内容不符合要求。近几年作文要求学生自己出题目。出现的问题有：1题目空缺，忘记或不写。记住：作文要有题目，没有题目必定扣分。2题目不切题。从话题中取些词和词组作为题

30、目，不管是否和自己的观点吻合，例如：3题目不符合要求。题目要求首字母大写，冠词、介词不大写，但是第一个介词或冠词的首字母要大写。不少考生不懂、不熟悉这些规那么，有的就是第一个字母大写，后面全小写，有的全部小写，有的那么全部大写。2.2.自拟题目问题自拟题目问题3.3.篇章构造问题篇章构造问题文章的构造就是文章内容的组织和排列形式文章的构造就是文章内容的组织和排列形式 要求：要求：论点明确、清楚；论点明确、清楚；论证层次清楚，构造严谨论证层次清楚，构造严谨构造严谨：构造严谨：抓住中心论点进展讨论分析，使论证具有说服力抓住中心论点进展讨论分析，使论证具有说服力观点步步阐述，符合逻辑与情理观点步步阐

31、述，符合逻辑与情理观点讨论之间衔接自然、排列有序观点讨论之间衔接自然、排列有序出现的问题：出现的问题：没有掌握好议论文的写作特点没有掌握好议论文的写作特点没有抓住中心论点进展讨论没有抓住中心论点进展讨论观点不清楚，论证没有说服力观点不清楚，论证没有说服力段落衔接不自然，内容无排序段落衔接不自然，内容无排序文章构造布局文章构造布局IntroductionIntroduction General statement General statement Thesis statement Thesis statementDevelopmentDevelopmentTopic sentence Topi

32、c sentence Supportive sentence Supportive sentence Concluding sentence Concluding sentence Topic sentence 2 Topic sentence 2 Topic sentence 3 Topic sentence 3 Conclusion Conclusion Summary Summary Suggestion/Comment Suggestion/Comment 篇章组织构造的评分标准篇章组织构造的评分标准每段有主题句每段有主题句句间衔接自然句间衔接自然第一局部明确提出观点第一局部明确提出观

33、点最后一局部自然得出结论最后一局部自然得出结论段落排列自然合理段落排列自然合理语言运用能力项是作文评分的重要标准之一，评阅教师语言运用能力项是作文评分的重要标准之一，评阅教师都会比较注重，因为大四学生四年的语言学习可以在作都会比较注重，因为大四学生四年的语言学习可以在作文中得到充分的表达。文中得到充分的表达。语言运用能力强的作文一般都会得到阅卷教师的青睐而语言运用能力强的作文一般都会得到阅卷教师的青睐而获得高分。获得高分。1.1.语法使用混乱语法使用混乱2.2.句子构造错误多句子构造错误多3.3.乱搭配编搭配乱搭配编搭配 4.4.习语用得不正确习语用得不正确5.5.用词用语有问题用词用语有问题

34、6.6.语言不够地道语言不够地道主要原因：主要原因：阅读的量和质都不够阅读的量和质都不够 input output写作训练缺乏，写作量不够写作训练缺乏，写作量不够1.审题不清2.跑题偏题 3.胡背句型4.缺乏见解和思辨能力5.思路混乱、逻辑不清6.中式英语泛滥7.滥用成语谚语名人名言 8.套路化写作9、抄袭编造10、作弊泛滥大学生作文中存的非常严重的问题就是：议论能力不强，没有广度；思辨能力缺乏，没有深度；思维能力混乱,没有逻辑；撰写能力低下，没有说服力。所写作文无法用说服人的道理去阐述自己的观点，很难写出有条理严谨的议论文。有的作文粗看蛮像样，构造清楚，细读却发现无条理、无逻辑、无思想，“三

35、无产品。笔者对118位英语写作教师的调查显示：近65的教师未受过写作教学方法的培训，直接间接接触外国文化的质和量不够，没有时间进展系统文学名著阅读、报刊杂志的阅读来提升自己的语言文化能力，不能花时间认真批改学生作业，总结问题。只着眼于语法和拼写，不注重内容和思辨。结果：综合写作素质不够，上课时底气缺乏，难以通过教学培养学生的综合写作能力。教师没时间阅读充实自己；1.不关心国内外大事；2.不读文学经典原著和报刊杂志；3.不听原版新闻、报道评论；4.没有外语日常阅读习惯；5.缺乏学习、反思和总结；6.以考试成绩提高为教学目标。1.学习没有动力、没有积极性，不知道为啥学习；2.不愿意阅读经典作品；报

36、刊杂志3.不愿意用英语记日记、写作文、阅读笔记等；4.根底差：听不懂，说不出，文化知识匮乏5.以背单词为荣，以通过考试为目的，6.人文知识缺乏，精神空虚，交际能力薄弱；年份作文题目题材2002The best way to stay healthy健康2003The importance of keeping a good mood生活2004Will phones kill letter writing?科技2005My idea of a university arts festival校园2006Saving money or spending tomorrows money生活2007

37、Is it wise to make friends online?生活2008The benefits of volunteering社会2009Will tourism bring harm to the environment?社会2010Should college students hire cleaners?校园2011Should private car owners be taxed for pollution？社会写作是英语综合技能的表达，是人文素养是人文知识与精神的展现。语言是传递文化的媒介，学习外语必须学习文化，构建人文精神家园，外语教学一定要与文化教学相结合。外语学生一

38、定要培养人文素养、思辨能力和跨文化交际能力。Genesis 2：23 And Adam said,This is now bone of my bones,and flesh of my flesh:she shall be called Woman,because she was taken out of Man.2：24 Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother,and shall cleave unto his wife:and they shall be one flesh 语言-人格 开展模式、自学-指导 教学模式、目

39、标-导控 教学模式、问题-探究 教学模式、情-知互促 教学模式，开放性外语 教学模式 立体穿插型 教学模式 渗透渐进式 教学模式 网络互动型 教学模式多元化机制 教学模式 S:Student-centered(以学生为中心，即以人为本以学生为中心，即以人为本);P:Project-oriented(以指导学生进展课题研究为主导以指导学生进展课题研究为主导)I:Integrated-skill training focused (以提高综合技能为主线以提高综合技能为主线)；C:Cultural Competence Cultivation Based(以培养文化素养为基点以培养文化素养为基点)；

40、M:Multimedia-teaching Approach Auxiliarized (以多媒体教学为辅助以多媒体教学为辅助)。SPICM综合英语教学模式综合英语教学模式Film ClipsTV programmePhotosInternet MaterialsFlashPPTA:(Active)主动式的学习态度；C:(Cooperative)合作式的学习方式；C:(Creative)创造式的学习行为；E:(Explorative)探究式的学习范围。以学生为主的课堂教学互动模式以学生为主的课堂教学互动模式互动形式互动形式 互动方式互动方式 师生互动生生互动资源互动人机互动课内外互动自主互动协

41、作互动可控互动情知互动探究互动加强课外阅读：1文学作品一上10本,一下10本 简写本小说二年级10本小说检查:读书报告,Presentation,Q&A,Quiz2报刊杂志，如：21世纪英文报一。学会读一份报纸。通过读报，让大家保持接触真正的、鲜活的英语。二。开阔视野。21世纪英文报的内容很广泛，通过了解不同的信息，开拓大家的视野；三。培养思考问题和用英语进展表达的能力。遇到某个问题或现象时，要学会思考，产生自己的思想观点，而且言之有理，既不无话可说，也不能人云亦云。1。导读式：指导学生阅读；2。提问式：提出问题让学生思考答复；3。讨论式：引导学生对话题进展讨论；4。多媒体式:用多媒体渠道加强

42、印象5.参与式：学生参加演讲辩论赛，征文赛等6。测验式：测验报刊所用常用词汇句子maglev磁悬浮surrogate birth代孕 al-Qaida基地组织online avatar 网络化身 Visit the Yasukunni ShrineBeijing Film Academy，Shanghai Conservatory of Music 北京电影学院，上海音乐学院lean meat powder瘦肉精melamine 三聚氰胺child abduction and woman trafficking 拐卖儿童和贩卖妇女3S lady-single,seventies,stuck剩女 a metrosexual man型男staggered working hours 错峰上下班反朴归真，狠抓根本；激发兴趣，共享资源。师生合作，教学相长。