学术英语医学课后问答题期末复习课件.pptx

1、ReviewFor2015studentsJustforreference Do you agree that it is sheer neuron overload on the doctor side that leads to the complaint that doctors dont listen?(Pre.1)Neuron overload Patients high expectations Mistrust and misunderstanding between the patients and physicianUnit 1 Text A Please list Mrs.

2、Osorios condition(Pre.2)A 56-year-old woman Somewhat overweight Reasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertension cholesterol on the high side without any medications for this Not as much exercise as she should Thinning of her bones on last DEXA scan Stressful but good about keeping her appointme

3、nts and getting her blood tests Generally healthy What things about Mrs.Osorios conditions run What things about Mrs.Osorios conditions run through the authors mind?(Pre.3)through the authors mind?(Pre.3)Good Things Blood tests done Glucose a little better Her blood pressure good but not great Bad T

4、hings Her weight a little up Her bones a little thin on the DEXA Do you agree that Paragraph 4 just illustrates that one stray request from Mrs.Osorio sends the delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down?(Pre.4)The key is in para.4 The author was in moderate state of panic:juggling so many

5、thoughts about Mrs.Osorios conditions and trying to resolve them all before the clock ran down Mrs.Osorio made a trivial request,not so important as compared to her conditions Mrs.Osorio seemed to care only about her“innocentand completely justifiedrequest”:the form signed by her doctor The doctor t

6、ried to or at least pretend to pay attention to the patients while completing documentation Complaints that doctors dont listen might have other reasons than just doctors neuron overload See (Paras.7-8)How can you compare multitasking in human beings and computers?(pre.5)Multitasking originated in c

7、omputer science.Microprocessors in fact linear,actually perform only one task at a time.Multitasking seems just as an illusion both in computer and humans.At best,Man juggles only a handful of thoughts in this manner The more thoughts we juggle,the less we are able to attune fully to any given thoug

8、ht.So can we say multitasking is a recipe for disaster?How?What is the use of the numbers?Use these numbers to justify that it is the juggling mind that keeps doctors awake at night.(pre.6)What are the reasons why doctors kept awake at night?Are they the reasons of their neuron overload?(Pre.6)7 med

9、ical issues to consider 5 separate thoughts,at least,for each issue 7 X 5=35 thoughts 10 patients that afternoon 35 X 10=350 5 residents under the authors supervision 4 patients seen by each residents 10 thoughts,at least,generated by each patients 5 X 4 X 10=200 350+200=550 thoughts to be handled i

10、n total If the doctor does a good job juggling 98%of the time,that still leaves ten thoughts that might get lost in the process.Explain the last sentence of this paragraph.(page 5)Are those proposed solutions,like computer-generated reminders,case managers,ancillary services,capable of solving the a

11、uthors problem of overload?(Pre.7)Unit 2 Text A What does the author imply by mentioning two choices?(para.1,Pre.1)What followed ever since the heady days of victory declarations?(para.4,Pre.2)What does the joined battle refer to?And elaborate on it.(paras.5-12,pre.3)The first question has something

12、 to do withor not?Peoples inadequate consciousness about the consequence of neglecting the emerging and reemerging infectious diseases.Unjustifiability of peoples complacency about the prevention and control of the infectious diseases.Unfinished war against infectious disease.Above all,something to

13、do with money(budget).What follows Out-of-expectation outcome Appearance of new diseases such as AIDS and Ebola.Comeback of the old afflictions.Diphtheria in the former Soviet Union.TB in urban centers like New York City.Rising Group A streptococcal conditions like scarlet fever.The fear of a powerf

14、ul new flu strain sweeping the world.Elaborate on the joined battle.(Pre.3)WHO:establishment of a new division devoted worldwide surveillance and control of emerging disease in Oct.1995 CDC:launching prevention strategy in 1994 Congress:raising fund from$6.7 million in 1995 to$26 million for 1997 Ju

15、stify“the realization that world health is indivisible”.(Pre.4)Attention to the health conditions of the globe before satisfying OUR most parochial(地方范围的地方范围的)needs Meaninglessness of borders to pathogenic(致病的致病的)microbes With 24 hours of time,from a crowded marketplace in Kikwit,Zaire to a New York

16、 City subwayExemplify the statement that“Every returning”(pre.5)Examples(1)TB Prisons and homeless shelters as ideal venues for TB spread Development of drug-resistant strains or even multi-drug-resistant strain A ride on the HIV wagon by attacking the immunocompromised(免疫功能不全的)Examples(2)Group A st

17、rep A change in virulence（毒性）（毒性）Mutation in the exterior of the bacterium fleshing-eating bacteria of 1994 rheumatic fever scarlet fever flu Constant changes in its coat(surface antigens 表面抗表面抗原原)and resultant changes in its level of virulence Looming(逼近逼近)next flu pandemic as bad as that of 1918 W

18、hy are vaccination practices at the heart of the most infectious diseases?Use examples to prove it.(Pre.6)What are the four areas of focus according to Bob Howard?(Pre.7)Examples Waning immunity Serious diphtheria situation in the former Soviet Union Deterioration in some American cities Increased r

19、eports of malariaThe four areas of focus Need for surveillance Updated science capable of dealing with discoveries in the field Appropriate prevention and control Strong public health infrastructure“Old enemies never die.”Justify it medically.Discussing Is there a 100%solution for every problem?Is t

20、here a 100%cure for every ailment?What does the tile“The Seventy Percent Solution”mean?(Pre.6)Unit 3 Text A With 70%to 90%of the risk for diabetes,heart disease,cancer,and autoimmunity being due to environmental factors other than genetics,we can provide the real solution to many health problems and

21、 the health care crisis by changing our environment,for example,optimizing our nutrition and reducing our toxic load.What does the tile“The Seventy Percent Solution”mean?(Pre.6)According to the author How was Terrys life before she was diagnosed with MS?(Pre.1)How much do you know about MS and autoi

22、mmune disease?(Pre.2)Cause as mentioned by the author the assault of immune cells on the brain,with possible origin in genetic make-up or/and combination of environmental factors Treatment as mentioned by the author interferon and copolymer-1How much do you know about MS and autoimmune disease?(Pre.

23、2)o Begin her own study of the literature,reading article after article on PubMed.Relearn basic science such as cellular physiology,biochemistry and neurophysiology.Look for recent articles testing new MS drugs in animal models and read articles concerning neurodegeneration of all typesdementia,Park

24、insons disease,Huntingtons,and Lou Gehrigs disease.What did Terry do before she self-experimented?(Pre.3)self-experimentation with various nutrients to slow neurodegeneration based on literature reports on animal models self-experimentation with neuromuscular electrical stimulation still based on li

25、terature online search to identify the sources of micronutrients reduction of food allergy and toxic loadWhat approaches did Terry mainly use to deal with neurodegeneration?(Pre.4)With 70%to 90%of the risk for diabetes,heart disease,cancer,and autoimmunity being due to environmental factors other th

26、an genetics,we can provide the real solution to many health problems and the health care crisis by changing our environment,for example,optimizing our nutrition and reducing our toxic load.One example to illustrate the correlation between toxic load and disease(Pre.5)Unit 4 Text AUnit 4 Text A Give

27、a brief explanation of the two concepts:complementary medicine and alternative medicine.(pre.1)To what extent do you agree with the authors opinion on traditional Chinese medicine as being“affordable,low tech,safe,and effective”？（pre.2）The clinical uses of acupuncture(Pre.3)The clinical uses of acup

28、uncture(Pre.3)An adjunct treatment,an acceptable alternative for post-operative chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting post-operative dental pain addiction stroke rehabilitation headache menstrual cramps tennis elbow fibromyalgia myofascial pain osteoarthritis low back pain carpal tunnel syndrome

29、and asthmaDo you think the author is overoptimistic in predicting a wider future use of acupuncture in the US?(Pre.4)More intense _ Higher _ Greater _ Stronger _ An increasing number of _researchadoption of acupunctureinterest of health insurance industriespush for coveragephysician acupuncturistsEx

30、plain how inappropriate uses of herbs may result in complications.(Pre.5)Appropriate uses of herbs depend on proper guidance Proper TCM diagnosis of the zheng of the patient Correct selection of the corresponding therapeutic strategies and principles that guide the choice of herbs and herbal formula

31、s Digression from either of the above conditions,misuses of herbs,will result in complications in patient.Various approaches to herbal study are mentioned in the text.Pick one to discuss the advantages and limitations.(Pre.6)Randomized controlled trials Quasi-experiments cohort studies case-control

32、studies“1”trialsWhat are the difficulties in investigating herbal therapies?(Pre.7)Dependence of synthesis of evidence on The completeness of the literature search(Unavailable for foreign studies)The accuracy of evaluation No answers to be found for the questions of interest Requirement of using les

33、s stringent information rather than“hard data”What are the factors to consider when we integrate eastern and western medicine?(Pre.8)Assessment of the intrinsic value of traditional medicine in society Research and education Political,economic and social factorsUnit 5 Text A Clarify the differences

34、between disease and dis-Clarify the differences between disease and dis-ease.(Pre.1)ease.(Pre.1)Dis-ease refers to the imbalance arising fromDis-ease refers to the imbalance arising from a continuous stressa continuous stress painpain hardshipshardships Disease is a health crisis ascribable to vario

35、us dis-Disease is a health crisis ascribable to various dis-easeseases Prompt elimination of dis-eases can alleviate Prompt elimination of dis-eases can alleviate some diseasessome diseasesYour personal understanding about the claim that Health is a multidimensional experience of body,mind and spiri

36、t.(Pre.2)Wellness as a state involving every aspect of our body:body,mind,and spirit Manifestations of a healthy person Energy and vitality A certain zip in gait A warm feeling of peace of heart seen through behaviourIllustrate the relationship between life on automatic pilot and wellness.(Pre.3)Con

37、stant messages,positive and negative,sent to our mind about the health of our body Physical symptoms suppressed Being well equaled to being disease or illness free Wellness confused with an absence of symptomsDescribe the time of great confusion we live in.(Pre.4)Peoples mind infected by spin half-t

38、ruth fearful fictions blatant deceit:some as a form of self-deceit Spin as a result of unconscious living Pandemic falseness Showing up on every front in society and the media Spreading to all corners of the globe Deeply embedded in our mindsComment on“a culture that values thinking more than feelin

39、g and emphasizes reason over intuitive awareness and knowing”.(Pre.5)Our body intelligence suppressed and dormant Tremendous amount of stress on a daily basis Limiting,self-defeating,and even self-destructive behaviors that undermines our well-being and keeps them from achieving our full potentialEx

40、plain the process where we change from“playing full-out”to“play it safe,or play not to lose”.(Pre.6)More reluctant to take risks Loss of ability to feel and acknowledge our deepest feelings and the courage to speak our truth Continuing denial and repression of our feeling to protect themselves An un

41、conscious and self-protective habit/a default response to life:fear,denial,and disconnection from our bodies and feelingEverything comes finally down to HOW.Explain how wellness can be established?(Pre.7)A multi-faceted process Issues rooted and resolved in different dimensions Building our wellness

42、 toolbox slowly Picturing our whole state of being Attention to the little stuff Wellness not a goal but a process Maintenance of a balance of our mind,body,and spiritMake a list of the tips on how to become a fully integrated human being.(Pre.8)Try to awaken and evolve in order to live more conscio

43、usly Get in touch with our genuine feelings and emotions Come to terms with/Make peace with the toxic emotionsUnit 6 Text A How has the end-of-life care changed over time?(pre.1)What advantages does a hospital have over a nursing home for end-of-life care?(Pre.3)Availability of medical resources,inc

44、luding doctors,nurses and facility around the clock Anything else you can add to that?Advantages of Nursing Home Prearranged plans for end-of-life care Establishment of a relationship between the staff and family More personalized care Privacy arrangement:time aloneWhats the role of family and frien

45、ds when the patient is cared at home?(Pre.4)Taking on a job which is big physically,emotionally,and financially；Hiring a home nurse for additional help;Arranging for services(such as visiting nurses)and special equipment(like a hospital bed or bedside commode)What needs to be considered to make comf

46、ort care available at home?(Pre.5)Health insurance Planning by a professional,such as a hospital discharge planner or a social worker Help from local governmental agencies Doctor supervision at homeHow has the meaning of palliative care changed?(Pre.6)TraditionallyRecentlyonly symptom careclose to h

47、ospice careWhat might be one of the misconceptions about choosing hospice?(Pre.7)Stopping treatment specifically aimed at curing an illness equals discontinuing all treatment A good example:An older person with cancer Discontinuation of chemotherapy but continuation of medication for hypertensionWha

48、t might be one of the misconceptions about choosing hospice?(Pre.7)Choosing hospice is a permanent decision Delores as an example Eighty-two with failing kidneys Beginning hospice care not wanting to go through dialysis,so Delores Changing her mind and beginning dialysis in the hopes of one day hold

49、ing her first great-grandchild.What might be one of the misconceptions about choosing hospice?(Pre.7)Choosing hospice is a permanent decision Art Buchwald as another example eighty-one real-life humorist and Washington Post columnist Decided against the kidney dialysis suggested by his doctor Big ne

50、ws with stabilized condition Leaving hospice without threat of death What difficult situation is the young doctor facing?(Pre.1)A dying patient Decision whether to withdraw life-support machines and medication and start comfort measures The familys refusal to make any decision or withdraw any treatm