高考英语`轮复习课件：2 介词、介词短语和动词短语 专项讲解附五年高考真题 公开课一等奖课件.ppt

1、考点一考点一 介词及介词短语介词及介词短语1.(2018北京,14)Good morning,Mr.Lees office.Good morning.Id like to make an appointment next Wednesday afternoon.五年高考答案答案for句意:早上好,这里是Lee先生的办公室。早上好,我想预约下周三下午的见面。本题考查介词的基本用法。appointment for.在此处表示“的预约”。2.(2018天津,11)Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a repo

2、rt,but he went all.答案答案after句意:由于得写一份报告,鲍勃原以为自己参加不了那场聚会了,但是他最后还是去参加了。本题考查介词短语。根据句意可知填after。after all还是,终究。3.(2018江苏,33)Chinas soft power grows in line the increasing appreciation and under-standing of China globally.答案答案with句意:中国的软实力的增长是与全球对中国不断增长的欣赏和理解紧密相连的。考查介词短语。in line with为固定短语,意为:与紧密相连。4.(2017

3、北京,35)Many people who live along the coast make a living fishing industry.答案答案in句意:很多居住在沿海的人都从事捕鱼业谋生。本题考查介词。in表示“从事或影响某种工作”,符合语境。5.(2017天津,12)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California,you will be trees that are over 1,000 years old.答案答案among句意:当你开车穿越加利福尼亚州的红杉林时,你会置身于寿命超过一千年的树木之中。设空处应该

4、用介词表示“在(三者以上)之中”,故用among。6.(2017天津,13)We offer an excellent education to our students.return,we expect students to work hard.答案答案In句意:我们向我们的学生提供优质的教育,作为回报,我们希望学生能够努力学习。考查介词短语。in return意为“作为回报,作为报答”。7.(2017江苏,32)Determining where we are in relation our surroundings remains an essen-tial skill for our

5、 survival.答案答案to句意:通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置仍然是我们生存的重要技能。本题考查介词短语。in relation to“相对某事物而言”,符合语境,故此处填to。8.(2016浙江,6)That young man is honest,cooperative,always there when you need his help.short,hes reliable.答案答案In句意:那个年轻人诚实且有合作精神,当你需要他帮忙的时候,他总是随叫随到。简言之,他是可以信赖的。in short 简言之。9.(2016浙江,7)The study suggests th

6、at the cultures we grow up influence the basic pro-cesses by which we see the world around us.答案答案in句意:这项研究表明我们成长在其中的文化影响我们看待周围世界的基本方法。本句采用定语从句的形式考查介词。“we grow up ”为省略关系词的定语从句,先行词为the cultures,将先行词代入定语从句后为:We grow up the cultures.故设空处填介词in。10.(2015安徽,33)They believe that there are transport developm

7、ents the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.答案答案around句意:他们相信交通的发展就要到来了,这将会带来很多更好的变化。本题考查介词短语。around the corner意为“要到来”。11.(2015福建,22)A common memory they all have their schooldays is the school uniform.答案答案of句意:他们对于他们学生时代的共同记忆是校服。本题考查介词用法。本句包含一个省略关系词的定语从句“they all have their scho

8、oldays”,将先行词memory代入定语从句后为:They all have a common memory their schooldays.由此可见设空处表示所属关系,故答案为of。12.(2015福建,32)Human life is regarded as part of nature and,as such,the only way for us to sur-vive is to live harmony with nature.答案答案in句意:人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分,严格说来,我们生存的唯一方式是与大自然和睦相处。in harmony with意为“与协调”。13.

9、(2015湖北,30)This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you ad-vance that if you smoked here you would be fined.答案答案in句意:这间会议室是无烟区。我想事先提醒你如果在这儿吸烟的话你会被罚款的。考查介词短语。in advance提前,事先。14.(2015江苏,34)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around Thomas Edison.答案答案without句意:没有托马斯爱

10、迪生,许多现在让我们获益的东西都不会出现。本题考查介词(短语)。without没有,根据句意和该句中的虚拟语气可知答案。15.(2015陕西,12)The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.答案答案by 句意:那个小学生挽着奶奶的手臂带她过了马路。本题考查介词。take sb.by the arm“挽着某人的手臂”。16.(2015浙江,10)Most people work because its unavoidable.contrast,there are some peo-ple

11、who actually enjoy work.答案答案By句意:大多数人工作是因为那是不可避免的,相比之下,还有一些人是真的喜欢工作。本题考查介词词组。by contrast意为“相比之下,对比而言”。17.(2015浙江,17)These comments came response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.答案答案in句意:对当地新闻记者常常问起的特定问题,这些评论正好做出了回复。本题考查介词词组。in response to意为“回答,对做出反应”。18.(2015浙江,3)Have you ever hea

12、rd of the trees that are home animals both on land and sea?答案答案to句意:你听说过成为海陆两栖动物的栖息地的树吗?本题考查介词。be home to为固定搭配。19.(2015重庆,10)Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68 the average.答案答案above句意:去年是有记录以来最温暖的一年,全球气温超过了平均气温0.68摄氏度。考查介词。根据语境可知此处表示“在之上,高于”,所以要用介词above。20.(2014北京,

13、23)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves half an hour.答案答案in句意:简很着急,因为去飞机场的火车半小时后就要发车了。“in+一段时间”用于表示将来的句子中,意为:在之后。21.(2014重庆,7)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went the road.答案答案off句意:她在转弯处开得如此快,以至于车差点偏离公路。off 离开,偏离。22.(2014福建,22)Our club is open to everyone reg

14、ardless age,sex or educational back-ground.答案答案of句意:我们的俱乐部对所有人开放,不分年龄、性别和教育背景。regardless of不管,不顾。23.(2014浙江,10)While staying in the village,James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything return.答案答案in句意:在村庄停留期间,詹姆斯无私地和村民分享他所拥有的一切,不要求任何回报。24.(2014浙江,12)Facing

15、up to your problems instead running away from them is the best approach to working things out.答案答案of句意:面对你的问题而不是逃避它们才是解决问题的最好办法。instead of 而不是。25.(2014陕西,14)The Scottish girl blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.答案答案with句意:在第五届汉语演讲比赛中,那位有着一双蓝色眼睛的苏格兰姑娘获得了一等奖。with表示“具有”。26

16、.(2014江西,33)It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life his great wealth.答案答案despite句意:令人难以置信的是,尽管很富有,但Lucas先生过着简朴的生活。despite尽管。考点二考点二 动词短语动词短语1.(2018天津,3)At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving,but eventually he gave as she was so confident about her skills.答案答案in句意:起初罗伯特不让他女儿去潜

17、水,但他最终还是妥协了,因为她对自己的(潜水)技能很自信。本题考查动词短语。give in屈服;让步;投降。2.(2018江苏,25)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls a clear road map and timetable.答案答案for句意:开发长江经济带是一个系统化的工程,这项工程需要一个清晰的路线图和时间表。考查动词短语。call for 需要;要求。3.(2017天津,5)Mr.and Mrs.Brown would like to see their da

18、ughter settle ,get married,and have kids.答案答案down句意:布朗夫妇想看到他们的女儿定居、结婚、生子。settle down表示“过安定的生活,定居下来”,符合语境。4.(2017江苏,25)Working with the medical team in Africa has brought the best in her as a doctor.答案答案out句意:在非洲医疗队的工作让她作为医生的才能得到了最大限度的发挥。本题考查动词短语。bring out意为“使显现,使表现出”。5.(2016天津,8)Mary was silent duri

19、ng the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice her opinion on the subject.答案答案to句意:在讨论的前期玛丽一言不发,但最后她就这个话题发表了意见。give voice to表露心声,表白心迹。6.(2016天津,14)I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to carry a con-versation with her.答案答案on句意:我讨厌上班时她给我打电话我总是很忙,没法和她进行谈话。carry on进行(从事

20、)。7.(2016天津,12)Im going to take advantage this tour to explore the history of the castle.答案答案of句意:我打算利用这次旅行探索那座城堡的历史。take advantage of利用。8.(2016浙江,12)When their children lived far away from them,these old people felt cut from the world.答案答案off句意:当这些老年人的孩子们住得离他们远时,他们就觉得与世界隔绝。cut.off from.使与隔绝。9.(2016

21、江苏,30)Many businesses started up by college students have taken thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.答案答案off 句意:多亏适宜创业的宽松的环境气氛,很多大学生创办的公司都已经取得成功了。take off成功,起飞。10.(2015湖北,25)There is no doubt that this candidates advantage lies his ability to com-municate with foreigners in Englis

22、h.答案答案in句意:毫无疑问这位候选人的优势在于他能用英语和外国人交流。考查动词短语。lie in在于,根据语境可知答案。11.(2015湖北,26)Dont worry.Im sure your missing glasses will turn sooner or later.答案答案up句意:不要担心。我确信你丢失的眼镜迟早会找到的。考查动词短语。turn up(失去后偶然)被发现。根据语境可知答案。12.(2015江苏,27)The university started some new language programs to cater the countrys Silk Roa

23、d Economic Belt.答案答案for句意:这所大学开设了一些新的语言课程来满足该国丝绸之路经济带的需要。本题考查动词短语。cater for满足的需要。13.(2015江苏,29)The whole team count Cristiano Ronaldo,and he seldom lets them down.答案答案on句意:整个队都指望着Cristiano Ronaldo,他很少让他们失望。本题考查动词短语。count on相当于depend on,意为“指望,依赖”。14.(2015陕西,25)Peter will take his post as the head of

24、the travel agency at the end of next month.答案答案up句意:彼得将会在下个月末就职成为该旅行社的主管。本题考查动词词组。take up ones post意为“就职”。15.(2015天津,10)Tom had to turn the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.答案答案down句意:因为太忙了,上周末汤姆不得不拒绝了参加聚会的邀请。考查动词短语。turn down拒绝,根据语境可知答案。16.(2015浙江,11)We tend to have a bet

25、ter memory for things that excite our senses or appeal our emotions than for straight facts.答案答案to句意:与直接事实相比,我们倾向于对那些令我们的感官兴奋和对我们的情绪有吸引力的事物有更好的记忆。appeal to意为“对有吸引力”。17.(2015浙江,7)Body language can give a lot about your mood,so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being de

26、fensive.答案答案away句意:肢体语言可能会泄露你的很多情绪方面的事,因此,抱臂而立有可能传达一种信息你的戒备心很强。本题考查动词短语。give away意为“泄露”。18.(2014大纲全国,31)Caroline doesnt have a gift for music,but she makes up it with hard work.答案答案for句意:卡罗琳虽然没有音乐天赋,但她靠努力学习弥补这个缺陷。make up for 弥补。19.(2014安徽,26)Terry,please look up your cell phone when Grandma is talki

27、ng to you.答案答案from句意:Terry,奶奶和你说话时请不要低头玩手机。look up from从抬起头看。20.(2014安徽,28)When the sports hero turned at our party,he was welcomed with open arms.答案答案up句意:当这位体育健将出现在我们的聚会上时,他受到了大家的热烈欢迎。turn up到场,出现。21.(2014浙江,19)How could you turn such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months?答案答案d

28、own句意:在你已经失业好几个月的时候,你怎么会拒绝这样一份绝好的工作呢?turn down意为“拒绝”。22.(2014江西,27)Anyway,were here now,so lets get down some serious work.答案答案to句意:反正我们现在都在这儿,那我们开始做一些重要的工作吧。get down to 开始做。23.(2014湖北,25)Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening,but there must be something wrong with the network;I cant seem to g

29、et .答案答案through句意:整个晚上我一直都在给查尔斯打电话,但网络一定出现了问题,我似乎不能打通电话。get through通过,完成,接通电话。24.(2014湖北,26)Is this your necklace,Mary?I came it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.答案答案across句意:这是你的项链吗,玛丽?我今天早上打扫浴室的时候偶然发现了它。come across碰到,偶然遇到。三年模拟A组 20162018年高考模拟单句填空时间：11分钟 分值：18分考点一考点一 介词及介词短语介词及介词短语1.(2

30、018广西高三4月模拟,62)This painting is important several reasons.答案答案for句意:这幅绘画之所以重要,原因有几个。名词reason与for连用,表示“出于的原因”。2.(2018广西南宁高三2月月考,63)Quite different from the English we are familiar ,the signs read,for example,“Here cannot go in”instead of“You cannot go in from here”.答案答案with句意:与我们熟悉的英语大不相同,例如这些标志牌上写的是

31、“Here cannot go in”而不是“You cannot go in from here”。be familiar with为固定搭配,意为“熟悉”。3.(2018广西陆川高三3月月考,63)However,a tour of London would be incomplete check-ing out the London art scene.答案答案without句意:然而,如果不到伦敦艺术现场看一下,伦敦之行就是不完整的。根据句意可判断使用介词without。4.(2018四川成都高三二诊,68)Bear mind that some ingredients will no

32、t be on offer at ev-ery restaurant.答案答案in句意:记住有些食材并不是每家餐馆都提供的。bear in mind that.为固定句型,意为“记住”。5.(2017四川石室中学二诊,66)One day he became very angry the teacher and the other students because they laughed when he said he knew how to do a problem which none of the other students had been able to solve.答案答案wi

33、th/at句意:一天,他对老师和其他学生非常生气,因为当他说他知道如何解决其他学生不能解决的问题时他们都笑了。本题考查形容词与介词的搭配。be angry with/at sb.意为“对某人生气/发怒”。6.(2017云南昆明高三下学期第二次统测,47)A lack water can lead to health problems such as headaches,poor physical performance,and even more serious problems.答案答案of句意:缺乏水会导致健康问题,诸如头疼、身体状况欠佳,甚至更严重的问题。a lack of意为“缺乏/缺

34、少”。7.(2017广西南宁高三二模,68)Apart stimulating the tongue to make you taste saltiness,this device can also be used to let you taste sourness.答案答案from句意:除了刺激舌头来使你尝到咸味,这种装置也能被用来让你尝到酸味。apart from是固定短语,意为“除了外(还)”。8.(2017四川资阳高三4月模拟,66)While I was sitting there,I saw a little boy about one and a half years old.H

35、e was running on the grass,his mother not far behind him.答案答案with句意:当我坐在那儿的时候,我看到一个一岁半左右的小男孩。他正在草地上跑,他的妈妈在他后面不远处。考查with的复合结构。not far behind him作宾语补足语。9.(2017云南昆明一中高三月考四,63)Malaysia already has sixteen theme parks and water parks the country.答案答案in/around/across/throughout句意:马来西亚国内已经拥有了16个主题公园和水上公园。i

36、n/around/across/throughout the country 表示“在全国范围内”。10.(2016重庆适应性考试一,70)However,most taxi drivers I have met are nice.They know the city like the back of their hands,and are glad to be some help.答案答案of句意:然而,我见过的大部分出租车司机都很友好。他们对这个城市非常熟悉并且乐意有所帮助。be of help相当于be helpful。考点二考点二 动词短语动词短语1.(2018云南曲靖一中高考复习检测

37、七,43)In this custom someone pays in advance an ex-tra cup or two,which can then be consumed by a coffee-drinker in need later in the day.答案答案for句意:在这种风俗中,有人会提前额外支付一两杯的费用,然后让当天晚些时候需要饮用咖啡的人喝掉。pay for 为支付。2.(2018四川遂宁高三三诊,64)Most of the island is inhabited by immigrants from European coun-tries,but the“

38、minorities”on the island make a majority of the population.答案答案up句意:这个岛的大部分地方居住着来自欧洲国家的移民,但是岛上的“少数民族”占了人口的多数。make up意为“构成,组成”。3.(2018四川双流中学高三4月月考,67)These photographs are used the class yearbook,which is a printed book about all the students in the school.答案答案for句意:这些照片被用于班级年刊,那是一种关于学校所有学生的印刷本。be us

39、ed for 被用作。4.(2017四川成都龙泉中学高三4月月考,63)My bedtime routine was usually centered one thing:my phone.答案答案on句意:我在就寝时间通常关注一个东西:我的电话。center on为固定短语,意为“以为中心;重点在于”。5.(2017四川凉山州高中毕业班二检,61)It is reported that a surprisingly high number of citizens in China suffer poor health and many die at an early age.答案答案from

40、句意:据报道,出奇地多的中国市民遭受健康状况不好的痛苦,而且许多人在年纪还小的时候就去世了。suffer from 为固定短语,意为“患(某种)病,受(某种病痛)折磨”。6.(2017广西南宁二中2月月考)The expression is probably based church customs.答案答案on句意:这个词语很可能是以教堂的习俗为根据的。考查固定搭配。be based on 意为“根据”。7.(2017宁夏石嘴山高三4月二模,66)Start single syllables(音节)and do that a lot and then syllable pairs.答案答案w

41、ith句意:从单音节开始,进行大量的训练,然后训练双音节。考查固定搭配。start with意为“从开始”。8.(2016重庆南开中学二诊,69)At last they tried to fill the plane carbon dioxide,which poisoned all of the small creatures.答案答案with句意:最后他们设法给飞机输满二氧化碳,这毒死了所有的小动物。fill.with.意为“用装满/注满”。1.(2018云南毕业班高三统一检测)We practiced together on every Saturday morning.B B组组 2

42、016201820162018年高考模拟年高考模拟单句改错单句改错时间：13分钟 分值：21分答案答案去掉on句意:每周六的早上我们在一块练习。本题考查介词。“every、this、that+名词”作时间状语,前面无需介词。2.(2018贵州黔东高三一模)I really hope we can stay in touch with forever!答案答案去掉with句意:我真的希望我们能永远保持联系。本题考查动词短语。stay in touch保持联系,如果后面接宾语才需要加介词with。3.(2018四川德阳高三二诊)Just then,the bus stopped a short d

43、istance away because a red light.答案答案because后加of句意:就在那时,由于红灯,汽车在不远处停下了。本题考查介词短语。because of因为,由于,后接名词、代词或动名词。4.(2018广西南宁高三2月月考)Everyone stared me and I stood there with a red face.答案答案stared后加at句意:大家都盯着我看,我站在那儿脸都红了。本题考查动词短语。stare at 凝视,盯着看。5.(2018贵州贵阳一中高三3月月考)You may wish to wait a chance to be calle

44、d.答案答案wait后加for句意:你可能希望等待一个被叫的机会。本题考查动词短语。wait for 等待。6.(2018四川绵阳高三三诊)I have been busy with my study and seldom helped my parents in the housework.答案答案inwith句意:我一直忙于学习,很少帮助父母做家务事。本题考查动词短语。help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事。7.(2018四川成都高三二诊)I wanted to go somewhere that would make me step out into my com-fort z

45、one.答案答案intoof句意:我想去能使我从舒适区走出来的地方。本题考查动词短语。step out of从中走出来。8.(2018四川龙泉中学高三二诊)Its nice to speak about what we can do for our school,and I think small actions can make big difference.答案答案make后加a句意:说出我们能为学校做什么很好,我认为小小的行为会产生很大的影响。本题考查动词短语。make a difference 有影响,起作用。9.(2018四川龙泉中学高三二诊)In that case,I belie

46、ve well turn our school in a better place to study and live in.答案答案a前的ininto句意:那样的话,我相信我们将把我们学校变成一个更好的学习和生活的地方。本题考查动词短语。turn.into.把变成。10.(2018西藏拉萨中学第七次月考)Stockholm is also working with Fortum,an energy company,to take advantage a citywide heating system,using waste heat from supermarkets and stadium

47、s to supply heat for homes.答案答案advantage后加of句意:斯德哥尔摩正在和能源公司Fortum合作,利用全市范围的供热系统,使用来自超市和体育场的余热向各个家庭供热。本题考查动词短语。take advantage of利用。11.(2017四川双流中学高三二诊)You can imagine how shy I was with so many eyes fixed to me.答案答案toon句意:你可以想象有那么多眼睛盯着我,我是多么羞涩。fix on为固定短语,意为“把集中在上”。12.(2017云南昆明高三下学期第二次统测)And from the

48、card,I knew my book turned out of to be a birthday gift for a strange girl.答案答案去掉ofturn out为固定短语,表示“结果是”,后接(to be+)adj./n.,故去掉介词of。13.(2017四川乐山高三3月一调)I hope something can be done to solve about these problems soon.答案答案去掉aboutsolve意为“解决”,是及物动词,后面接宾语时无须加介词,故去掉about。14.(2017四川乐山高三3月一调)Whats more,the wo

49、rkers there treat us their friends,which makes us really happy.答案答案their前加as句意:另外,那儿的工人把我们当作朋友,这使我们很高兴。treat.as.为固定短语,意为“把看作”。15.(2017四川凉山州高中毕业班二检)First,the forests where it lived were cut down to make way with farms and cities.答案答案withfor句意:首先,为了给农场和城市的发展让路,它生活的森林被砍伐了。make way for为固定短语,意为“给让路”。16.(

50、2017贵州凯里一中高考适应性月考五)I had to wait the next bus.Suddenly,it started to rain.答案答案 wait后加介词for句意:我不得不等下一辆公共汽车。突然,天开始下起雨来。wait for为固定短语,意为“等待”。17.(2016四川凉山州第二次诊断性检测)Man will certainly suffer from the serious consequences caused by this lack care for his living surroundings.答案答案lack 后加 of句意:人类肯定会遭受由对其居住环境