高考英语二轮复习介词在短文语法填空和短文改错中的考查名师精编课件.ppt

1、2018届二轮复习届二轮复习介词和介词短语在短文语法填空和短文改错中的考查介词和介词短语在短文语法填空和短文改错中的考查介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率非常高。介词往往与名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、从句等一起构成介词短语，以表示它与其他词在时间、方式、方向、位置等方面的关系。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。在语法填空题中重点考查考生根据语境灵活运用介词的能力。考生应注意总结介词与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。1(2015新课标卷)When a new day breaks

2、,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day;_ the same time,they warm up again for the night.解析：句意：当新的一天到来时，这些墙已经释放完了它们的热量，现在足够冷，能让房子在炎热的白天保持凉爽；与此同时，它们在晚上又会变得温暖。根据句意可知此处考查固定搭配at the same time，意为“与此同时”。2(2014辽宁卷)Dont laugh _ me.I may look funny.解析：

3、句意：不要嘲笑我。我可能看上去很滑稽。laugh at“嘲笑”，是固定搭配。at at 3(2014新课标卷)I got a place next _ the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk.解析：句意：我找了个靠窗的位置，那样我可以很好地看到人行道。next to“紧挨着，紧靠着”，为固定短语。to 语法填空题中，如果空格后是名词、代词、动词ing形式或what从句，且它们不是在句中作主语，也不是作动词的宾语时，这个空格就很可能是填介词。这是因为：1介词必须要接宾语，其宾语可以是名词、代词、动词ing形式或what从句。2名词、代词、动

4、词ing形式或what从句在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语或介词的宾语。如果不作主语，也不作动词的宾语，就应该是作介词的宾语。1(2015新课标卷)Tony saw a toy on a shop window.答案与解析：onin在橱窗里看到了玩具应用in。2(2015陕西卷短文改错)My soccer coach retired in last week.答案与解析：去掉inlast week/lastyear/last month等前不加介词。3(2015四川卷短文改错)Please help with me and give me some advice.答案与解析：去掉withhelp

5、sb.“帮助某人”为固定用法，无介词with。4(2014新课标卷短文改错)Nearly five years ago,with the help by our father,my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes.答案与解析：byof结合句子中的with the help可知是在父亲的帮助下，因此应该是with the help of sb.这个结构。5(2014新课标卷短文改错)We can lie on the grass for a rest,or sit by the lake listening music.答案与解析：listen

6、ing后加tolisten to music“听音乐”。6(2014辽宁卷短文改错)We appreciate your apologies and goodwill,but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.答案与解析：figure后加outfigure out.“想出”。1固定搭配中介词的误用2介词在句中的多余或漏用及物动词后直接加宾语，不用介词，而不及物动词后需加介词。last,next,this等后接名词表时间时前不用介词。介词用法with和一起；随着因为具有/带有；with复合结构at表示片刻的

7、时间点表示“在某处”，指在一个较小的地点表示产生某种情绪的原因，意为“因为而”“一听到/看到/想到就”in表方位，在某范围内，特别注意在报纸上、书上有什么内容，要用in表时间，后接表时间段的名词短语，指在某一段时间内或在带有将来时态的语句中表示某一段时间将发生句子谓语动词所表示的动作表示材料、语言、方式、声音介词用法on表示时间，指在特定的某一天(的上午、下午或晚上)或一星期的某一天。注意in the morning与on the morning of 1st,May的区别表示方位，指在某一事物表面上或与某物毗邻表示与某一方面内容相关，意为“关于”与名词或动名词连用，意为“一就”from表示“

8、来自”或“从时间开始”through表示从事物内部穿过，与介词in有关表示通过，凭借across从事物的表面通过，与介词on有关介词用法over表示在表面的正上方，与under相对表示“从某事物上方越过”表示“在上面”，指部分或全部覆盖与表示时间段的名词(短语)连用，表示“经过、跨过某一个时间段”beyond表示方位，意为“超过，在较远的一边”表示超出理解、信任的范围或能力所及的范围for表示“对于，至于，适合于”表示“为了(目的)；支持”against表示“反对，反抗，违背”表示“倚，靠，逆着(水流、潮流、风等)”或“与相对抗”1介词与名词类at breakfast在吃早饭；at home在

9、家里；at the cinema在电影院；by accident偶然；access to能够进入；能够使用；attitude to/towards对的态度；effect on对的影响；lack of缺乏。2动词介词类worry about为担忧；talk about谈论；hear about听说；laugh at嘲笑；smile at对微笑；shout at对大喊；knock at敲击；hear from收到的来信；show off炫耀；meet with遇到；遭受；accuse sb.of sth.因某事指控某人；remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事。3介词与形容词busy wit

10、h忙于；good for对有好处；pleased with对感到满意；interested in对感兴趣；kind to对友好。.单句训练1Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves half an hour.2The two brothers decided to leave midnight,for they had many miles to cover.3Mr.Smith met his wife the shop in 1941.4The athletes from all over the world arr

11、ived Beijing yesterday.5They jumped the fence and fled away.6His father goes to work car every day.7He made a living selling newspapers when he was young.8The skiers red clothes stood out clearly the snow.9The young mother whispered something her children.10Its obvious that the new manager is rich e

12、xperience.in in at in in over by by against to.语法填空What do you know about Scotlands famous Loch Ness monster(尼斯湖水怪)?One thing you may not know is that“Nessie”could have been named _ Queen Elizabeth of the UK.Recently _(discover)papers show that Sir Peter Scott,the first person to study the mythical

13、animal _ the Scottish Highlands,asked the Queen if she would let the monster be named“Elizabethia Nessie”if it were ever found.After he found out that the Queen was very interested _ the mythical animal,he came up _ the idea of naming it Elizabeth Nessie.The Independent reported.with after discovere

14、d in in The documents _(discover)in the scientists archive(档案)at Cambridge University.It _(show)that the Queen even asked to be sent personal updates about the search _“Nessie”.But Martin Charteris,the Queens private secretary at the time,said in a reply _Sir Peters letter that there would have to be enough _(evident)of the monster before it could.evidence were discovered showed for to